美国文学American Literature课件

BriefIntroductiontoAmericanLiteratureTeachingPurposesToenlargeyourbasicknowledgeaboutBritishandAmericanliterature;TounderstandsomeliteraryquotationsbehindEnglishlanguage;TohelpyouprepareTEM-8examandEntranceExamforPost-graduate;Tohelpyoucompleteyourdegreethesis1.mainthemesrecordofaquest/seekingthecontinuousnarrativeofthepursuitofsuccessandhappinessthelostcontinentofAtlantisthegolden“citiesofCibola”NorthwestPassagetotheOrientdreamsofsuccessreligiousfreedomwestwardmovementforhappiness3.ThreeMainAgestheAgeofRomanticismtheAgeofRealismModernAmericanLiteraturetheAgeofRomanticismAmericanliteraturebetweentheWarofIndependenceandtheCivilWarPre-Romanticism(1770s——1830s)Post-Romanticism(1830s——1875)floweringtimebeforeAmericanCivilWar(1830——1860)decliningtimeafterAmericanCivilWar(1860——1875)JeffersonpurchasedLouisiana

in1803manyEuropeanimmigrantsbeganarrivingintheUSinthe1840sTheUSboughtthelandbetweenTexas&Californiabytheendof1840sFarmers,ranchers（大牧场主）,andgoldminerscontinuedtopourintoWesternUSinthe1860s.

WestwardExpansioninthe18thand19thCenturyoftheUSAwestwardmovementPre-Romanticism(1770s——1830s)WashingtonIrving华盛顿·欧文（1783—1859）the“fatheroftheAmericanLiterature”HistoryofNewYork《纽约外史》TheAlhambra《阿尔罕伯拉》TouronPrairies《草原漫游记》RipVanWinkle《瑞普.凡.温克尔》TheSketchBook《见闻札记》（1819—1820）TheLegendofSleepyHollow《睡谷的传说》shortstoriesacollectionofessaystheTranscendentalists（超验主义者）Post-Romanticism(1830s—1875)Walden《瓦尔登湖》/LifeintheWoods《林中生活》(1854)RalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生（1803—1882）Nature《论自然》(1836)theleaderoftheTranscendentalMovement/Transcendentalismpoet&essayistHenryDavidThoreau亨利.大卫.梭罗（1817——1862）challengedJohnCalvin’sdoctrineandPuritansPost-Romanticism(1830s—1875)powerofimaginationconcentratedonhumanimaginationandemotionratherthantheintellectNathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔.霍桑（1804——1864）themostinfluentialAmericanromanticnovelistinthe19thcenturyTheScarletLetter《红字》(1850)pre-CivilWarperiodtheperiodofliberalreformin1850s——movementtoendtheinstitutionofslaveryHarrietBeecherStowe哈里叶特·比彻·斯托（1811—1896）Post-Romanticism(1830s—1875)“theladywholaunchedtheAmericanCivilWar”(Lincoln)

UncleTom’sCabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(1852)anantislaverynovelThenovelmadetheslaveryquestionbecameapassionatelydebatedpoliticalissue.ThenovelmakesthemiserablelifeofthenegroesinthesouthofAmericaexposedtotheworldandshowsgreatsympathyforthenegroes.poetryPost-Romanticism(1830s—1875)WaltWhitman沃尔特.惠特曼（1819—1892）themostoutstandingAmericanpoetinthe19thcenturythefirstAmericanpoettousefreeverse（自由诗体）——greatcontributiontoAmericanliteraturethethoughtofdemocracyhasbeeninfluentialinworldliterature.LeavesofGrass《草叶集》(1855)“SongofMyself”《自我之歌》——thefirstandthelongestpoeminLeavesofGrassLeavesofGrass《草叶集》(1855)American’sgreatestbookofpoemspraisedas“DemocraticBible”andasAmericanEpicthelifelongworkofWhitmantheidea——liberty,equality,fraternity（博爱）theAgeofRomanticismimportantliterarytermsappearedafter1830markedthematurityofAmericanRomanticismthefirstrenaissanceintheAmericanliteraryhistorylaidemphasisonspiritandindividualandnatureTranscendentalismFreeVersehasnoregularrhythmorlinelengthdependonnaturalspeechrhythmsandthecounterpoint（对照法）ofstressedandunstressedsyllables

theAgeofRealismAmericanliteraturebetweentheendoftheCivilWarandthebeginningofWorldWarIindustrializationdevelopmentoftheFarWestTheGildedAge镀金年代theAgeofRealismtheperiodofRegionalism（地方主义）MarkTwain（马克.吐温）pennameofSamuelClemens（塞谬尔·克莱门斯）thefirstmajorAmericanwritertobebornawayfromtheEastCoastTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝里.费恩历险记》(1884)TheAdventuresofTomSawyer《汤姆索亚历险记》(1876)thegreatestnovelinAmericanliteraturepeculiarlyAmericansenseofhumoroutrageousjokesandtalltalesinacalm,innocent,matter-of-factmannerlocaldialectforcomiceffectrichinmetaphor,newlyinventedwordsanddrawlingrhythmapparentshrewdsocialsatirewritingstyleThePrinceandthePauper《王子与贫儿》（1881）LifeontheMississippi《密西西比河上》（1883）otherworkscross-centurynovelisttheAgeofRealismHenryJames（亨利.詹姆斯）anAmericanlivinginEuropeexcellentat“international”novelsandstoriesaboutAmericanslivinginEuropeoneofthemostdistinguishednovelistsofthepost-CivilWareraearlyworks(19thcentury)lateworks(20thcentury)TheAmerican《一个美国人》(1877)PortraitofaLady《女士的画像》(1881)TheWingsoftheDove《鸽翼》TheAmbassadors《专使》TheGoldenBowl《金碗》womennoveliststheAgeofRealismEdithWharton（伊迪丝.华顿）KateChopin（凯特.肖邦）：stoppedwritingafterherbookwascondemnedbyliterarycriticsWillaCather（薇拉.凯瑟）:amajorAmericanwriterTheHouseofMirth《欢乐之家》TheAgeofInnocence《纯真年代》TheAwakening《觉醒》—storyintheheartoftheSouthAmericaOPioneers！《啊！拓荒者》—lifeinmidwesternNebraska（内布拉斯加）theAgeofRealismblackwriters

(Afro-Americanwriters)W.E.B.Dubois（杜波伊斯）thefirstblackwriterinAmericathemostinfluentialblackintellectual,leaderoftheliteratureandspiritsinthe20thcenturySoulsofBlackFolk《黑人的灵魂》(1903)ModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanliteratureafterWorldWarIAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914—1945)AmericanLiteratureafterWorldWarII(1945—)Modernism（现代主义）appearedafterWorldWarIcuttingoffhistoryandasenseofdespairandlossrefusingtoacceptthetraditionalconceptofvalueandalltraditionalideologicalinfluencesModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914——1945)poem(imagists)novel&shortstory(theLostGeneration)drama(playwright)ModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914—1945)poets(imagists)意象派诗人whosepoemsfocusonstrong,concreteimagesEzraPound（伊兹拉.庞德）——thebeginneroftheImagistsT.S.Eliot（艾略特）dominatedtheModernisminpoetryTheWasteLand《荒原》(1922)RobertFrost（罗伯特.弗罗斯特）oneoftheundisputedmastersofmodernAmericanpoetrythebestknownandthemostwelcomeoftheNewEnglandpoetsNorthofBoston《波士顿以北》(1914)AmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914—1945)ModernAmericanLiteraturepoets(imagists)意象派诗人E.E.Cummings（肯明斯）WallaceStevens（华莱士.史蒂文斯）WilliamCarlos（威廉.卡洛斯）theforerunnerofconcretepoetry（具像诗）andvisualpoetry（视觉诗歌）ModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914—1945)novelists——

theLostGeneration“迷惘的一代”(1920s)thenovelistswhoproducedaliteratureofdisillusionmentintheaftermathofWorldWarI,andsomeofthemlivedabroad.usedtheirwartimeexperienceasthebasisfortheirworkswerecutofffromoldvaluesyetunabletocometotermswiththenewerawonderedpointlesslyandrestlesslywerefrustratedbythewarspokesman——HemingwayModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914—1945)novelists——

theLostGeneration“迷惘的一代”(1920s)ErnestHemingway（欧内斯特·海明威）oneofthegreatestAmericanwritersinthe20thcenturyNobelPrizewinnerforliterature(1954)TheSunAlsoRises《太阳照常升起》(1923)AFarewelltoArms《永别了，武器》(1929)ForWhomtheBell

Tolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》（1940）TheOldManandtheSea《老人与海》（1952）F.ScottFitzgerald（斯科特·菲兹杰拉德）capturedtherestless,pleasure-hungry,defiantmoodofthe1920sModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914—1945)novelists——

theLostGeneration“迷惘的一代”(1920s)TheGreatGatsby《了不起的盖茨比》（1925）TenderIstheNight《夜色温柔》（1934）ModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914—1945)novelists—theLostGeneration“迷惘的一代”(1920s)WilliamFaulkner（威廉.福克纳）oneofthemostimportantAmericannovelistsofthe20thcenturyNobelPrizewinnerforliterature(1949)TheSoundandtheFury《喧哗与骚动》(1929)LightinAugust《八月之光》(1932)ModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914—1945)theLostGenerationJazzEra（爵士年代）Americanliteratureofthe1920sJazz——alively,powerfulmusicwhichwasbroughtbyAfrican-AmericanswhocenteredinanartisticblackcommunityinHarlem（哈莱姆）ofNewYorkCityModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914—1945)novelists(1930s)JohnSteinbeck（约翰.斯坦贝克）MargaretMitchell（玛格丽特.米切尔）TheGrapesofWrath《愤怒的葡萄》(1939)GonewiththeWind《飘》/《乱世佳人》(1936)——historicalfictionModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteraturebetweenWorldWarIandII(1914—1945)dramaEugeneO’Neill（尤金.奥尼尔）themostfamousplaywrightinAmericaleadingdramatisttheNobelPrizewinnerforliterature(1936)DesireUndertheElms《榆树下的欲望》(1924)MourningBecomesElectra《悲悼》(1931)TheIcemanCometh《卖冰的人来了》(1939)LongDay’sJourneyintoNight《长夜漫漫路迢迢》(1940)ModernAmericanLiteratureAmericanLiteratureafterWorldWarII(1945—)JosephHeller（约瑟夫.海勒）Catch22《第22条军规》(1961)intelligentnovelsshowinghowthepressuresofwarhighlightmen’scharactersBlackHumor（黑色幽默）African-American/Afro-American/blackwritersRichardWright（理查德.赖特）——

NativeSon《土生子》(1940)RalphEllison（拉尔夫.埃利森）——InvisibleMan《看不见的人》(1952)

(oneofthemostimportantworksofAmericanliteratureinthe20thcentury)JamesBaldwin（鲍德温）GoTell