考研考博-英语-宜宾职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宜宾职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Beingborninthesummercouldgiveyouasunnydispositionforlife.Andawinterbirthdaymightcastapermanentshadow______yourhappiness,scientistsbelieve.

问题1选项

A.through

B.cross

C.beneath

D.over

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。castapermanentshadowover…“给……投上阴影；使减弱”。句意：出生在夏天可以给你的生活一个阳光的性格。科学家们认为，冬季的生日可能会给你的幸福蒙上永久的阴影。因此选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Businessinthisareahasbeen（）becausepricesaretoohigh.

问题1选项

A.prosperous

B.secretive

C.slack

D.shrill

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prosperous“繁荣的，兴旺的”；B选项secretive“秘密的，偷偷摸摸的”；C选项slack“松弛的，萧条的”；D选项shrill“尖锐的，刺耳的”。句意：由于价格太高，这个地区的生意（）。本句表达的意思是“价格太高，所以这里的生意很萧条”，因此C选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Ithoughtthechildren（）whenwereturnedhome,buttheywerestillawake.

问题1选项

A.hadbeensleeping

B.wouldsleep

C.wouldbesleeping

D.weresleeping

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句中虽然没有明显的虚拟条件句，但通过buttheywerestillawake可知，孩子们在说话人回到家时其实还没睡，这种隐含式虚拟条件句一般转化为if引导的条件句，主句用would+动词原形，而当时判断的是孩子们正在睡觉，因此本题正确答案为C选项。

4.单选题

Duetoan____bybank,therewaslessmoneyinmyaccountthanthereshouldhavebeen.

问题1选项

A.intent

B.oversight

C.indecision

D.engagement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“intent”，意为“意图，含义”；B选项“oversight”，意为“负责，疏忽”；C选项“indecision”，意为“犹豫不决，优柔寡断”；D选项“engagement”，意为“约会，契约”。句意：由于银行的疏忽，我银行里的钱比应有的少了。因此，B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents'wishes.

问题1选项

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:人们担心有些父母为了使小孩达到他们的期望而（

）其基因。

enhance:提高，加强，增进。revise修改，校订。alternate交替，轮流。modify修改，更改，改变。alter:改变，更改。

6.单选题

Severalloudspeakersare（）fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.

问题1选项

A.connected

B.sustained

C.associated

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项connect“有联系的”。B选项sustain“持续的”。C选项associate“联合的”。D选项suspend“悬浮的，暂停”。句意：天花板上有几个扩音器，我们可以很清楚地听到说话者的声音。扩音器是悬挂在天花板上的，因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Thereareasgoodfishinthesea（

）evercameoutofit.

问题1选项

A.than

B.like

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:海里的好鱼多得是（强中更有强中手）。

固定搭配。“as（作副词用）+形容词或副词+as（作连词用）”表示同级比较。

8.单选题

Theirsolutionwastoenrolltheirchildreninprivateschools,which,becausetheyreceivednotaxmoney,werefreetooperatewithoutbeingsubjecttoracial（）.

问题1选项

A.discrimination

B.segregation

C.controversy

D.apportionment

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。discrimination“歧视”；segregation“隔离”；controversy“争论”；apportionment“分派”。句意：他们的解决方法就是将他们的孩子送入私立学校，因为他们不收取任何税款，并且没有种族歧视。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Hopehelps.Itkeepsusgoinginbleaktimesandamid（）news.Buthopehasmorecredibilitywhenwecanpointtothereasonforit.

问题1选项

A.disheartened

B.disheartening

C.enlightening

D.enlightened

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。disheartening“使沮丧”；disheartened“沮丧的”；enlightening“使人领悟的”；enlightened“被启发的”。根据题意，空格中的形容词用来形容news，形容物体用-ing形式的形容词，选项A，D可排除。句意：希望是有帮助的。在暗淡的时光和令人沮丧的消息中，能够保持继续前进。但是希望更让人信服，当我们有理由去相信的时候。选项B符合题意。

10.问答题

With(A)thewordscientistwemeanonewhoisequippedto(B)spendalifetimefor(C)theadvancementofsciencetothebest(D)ofone'sability.

【答案】试题答案：A;By

【解析】考查介词用法。with意为“和，同，具有”，此处表示“根据科学家这个词，我们说的是一个……”，因此用by（根据，按照）。

11.单选题

Povertyandinadequatehealthcaretaketheirtollonthequalityofacommunity’shealth.

问题1选项

A.destruction

B.contribution

C.charge

D.origin

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。toll表示“代价”；A项destruction“损害，破坏”，B项contribution“贡献”，C项charge“费用”，D项origin“起源，出身”。句意：贫穷和卫生保健不足损害了社区的健康质量。根据句意可知A项正确。

12.单选题

ConflicthadexistedbetweenSpainandEnglandsincethe1570s.EnglandwantedashareofthewealththatSpainhadbeentakingfromthelandsithadclaimedintheAmericas.ElizabethⅡ,QueenofEngland,encouragedherstaunchadmiralofthenavy,SirFrancisDrake,toraidSpanishshipsandtowns.Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.Religiousdifferencesalsocausedconflictbetweenthetwocountries.WhereasSpainwasRomanCatholic,mostofEnglandhadbecomeProtestant.KingPhilipⅡofSpainwantedtoclaimthethroneandmakeEnglandaCatholiccountryagain.

TosatisfyhisambitionandalsotoretaliateagainstEngland’stheftofhisgoldandsilver,KingPhilipbegantobuildhisfleetofwarships,theSpanishArmada,inJanuary1586.Philipintendedhisfleettobeindestructible.Inadditiontobuildingnewwarships,hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.

ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.ThevoyageresumedonJuly22aftertheweatherbecamemorestable.TheSpanishfeetmetthesmaller,faster,andmoremaneuverable.EnglishshipsinbattleoffthecoastofPlymouth,England,firstonJuly31andagainonAugust2.ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.OnAugust7,whiletheArmadalayatanchorontheFrenchsideoftheStraitofDover,EnglandsenteightburningshipsintothemidstoftheSpanishfleettosetitonfire.Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.BeforetheArmadacouldregroup,theEnglishattackedagainonAugust8.

AlthoughtheSpaniardsmadeavaliantefforttofightback,thefleetsufferedextensivedamage.Duringtheeighthoursofbattle,theArmadadriftedperilouslyclosetotherockycoastline.AtthemomentwhenitseemedthattheSpanishshipswouldbedrivenontotheEnglishshore,thewindshifted,andtheArmadadriftedoutintotheNorthSea.TheSpaniardsrecognizedthesuperiorityoftheEnglishfleetandreturnedhome,defeated.

1.SirFrancisDrakeaddedwealthtothetreasuryanddiminishedSpain’s________.

2.KingPhiliprecruitedmany________soldiersandsailors.

3.The________ArmadasetsailonMay9,1588.

4.ThetwobattleslefttheSpanishfleet________.

5.TheArmadawas________ononeside.

问题1选项

A.unlimitedpower

B.unrestrictedgrowth

C.territory

D.treaties

问题2选项

A.warlike

B.strong

C.accomplished

D.timid

问题3选项

A.complete

B.warlike

C.independent

D.isolated

问题4选项

A.opentochange

B.triumphant

C.opentoattack

D.defeated

问题5选项

A.closedoff

B.damaged

C.alone

D.circled

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第四句Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.（虽然这些突袭的规模很小，但是德雷克取得了引人注目的成功，为英格兰国库增加了黄金和白银，削弱了西班牙的霸主地位。），supremacy的意思为“至高无上；最大权力；最高地位”，所以A选项“无限力量”正确。B选项“无限制的增长”，C选项“领土”和D选项“条约”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.（他指挥了130艘各类帆船，招募了19,000多名强壮的士兵和8,000多名水手。），robust的意思为“强壮的；强劲的”，在这里B选项“强壮的”正确。A选项“好战的；军事的”，C选项“技艺高超的”和D选项“胆小的”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.（尽管他的一些船只缺少枪支和弹药，但菲利普坚信他的无敌舰队可以抵抗任何与英国的战争。），可知这支舰队是用于军事的，所以B选项“军事的”正确。A选项“完整的”，C选项“独立的”和D选项“孤立的”：根据第三段第一句ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.（1588年5月9日，“无敌舰队”从葡萄牙里斯本起航，但恶劣的天气迫使它返回港口。），这里没有提到是否是整支舰队参与行动，并且这些参与行动的船只一起行动，并没有独立和孤立，故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.（这两场战役使西班牙变得脆弱不堪，损失了几艘战舰，也耗尽了弹药。），vulnerable意思为“易受攻击的”，所以C选项“易受攻击”正确，A选项“接受改变”，B选项“大获全胜”和D选项“战败”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据第三段倒数第二句Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.（西班牙船只被堵在一边，船员们只能在恐慌和混乱中漂流。），Blocked意思为“封锁”，所以A选项“封锁”正确。B选项“破坏”，C选项“单独的”和D选项“包围的”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Weall______yourcomingtohelpus.

问题1选项

A.appropriate

B.appreciate

C.admit

D.affect

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项appropriate“盗用；拨（专款等）”；B选项appreciate“欣赏；感激”；C选项admit“承认（不好、不快或尴尬的事实）”；D选项affect“（感情上）深深打动；使悲伤（或怜悯等）”。句意：我们都______你来帮助我们。根据语境，这里帮助对应的应该是B选项appreciate“欣赏；感激”。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient,“Atanyparticularstageinitsenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.”Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.TherouxaddedthatProf.Menzel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.Menzel.Itseemsabsurdtoapplytheword“lazy”toacolonyofcreaturescapableofproducingsomethingsoextraordinaryashoneycomb.Thetruthisthatbeesgiveusaninferioritycomplexthatisnotentirelyunjustified.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolfMenzel’slatestresearch______.

2.Prof.RandolfMenzelwoulddisagreethat______.

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.ItcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheGermans______.

5.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto______.

问题1选项

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthenatureofbees

问题2选项

A.beesarehardworking

B.beesarequicklearners

C.beeshaveintelligence

D.beeshavegoodmemory

问题3选项

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

问题4选项

A.areeasilyaffectedbytheirnationalcharacters

B.areextremelybusyandhardworking

C.havemanythingsincommonwithbees

D.tendtolookdownuponlazypeople

问题5选项

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.（根据柏林自由大学兰道夫•门泽尔教授的最新研究，蜜蜂广为流传的终极辛勤工作者形象是不准确的。），说明最新研究表明人们之前对蜜蜂的印象是不准确的。因此C选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”正确。A选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，B选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，本文讨论的不是蜜蜂之间的关系，所以A,B错误。D选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”和原文表述的意思相反，所以D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句beescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.（蜜蜂以高智商、记忆力和快速学习能力来弥补它们明显的懒惰。），说明兰道夫•门泽尔教授不同意蜜蜂很勤劳的观点。因此A选项“蜜蜂是勤劳的”正确。B选项“蜜蜂的学习能力很强”，C选项“蜜蜂有高智商”，D选项“蜜蜂有良好的记忆力”都是教授认同的蜜蜂的优势，所以B,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient…andperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.（英国养蜂人协会的主席格林•戴维斯说，蜜蜂不是懒惰而是有效率……也许人类应该向它们学习，而不是像无头鸡一样跑来跑去。），说明格林•戴维斯认为人类应该向蜜蜂学习如何提高工作效率。因此D选项“如何提高工作的效率”正确。A选项“如何更快地工作”，B选项“如何活得更久”，C选项“如何相互合作”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy（也许与德国的工作效率相比，蜜蜂确实看起来很懒），说明德国人很忙碌，工作很勤奋，蜜蜂和其对比起来就显得比较懒惰。因此B选项“非常忙碌和努力工作”正确。A选项“容易受到民族性格的影响”，原文说的是门泽尔教授的研究可能受到了民族性格的影响，而不是说德国人，所以A错误。C选项“与蜜蜂有许多共同之处”，D选项“倾向于看不起懒惰的人”在文中没有提及，所以C,D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段，作者指出，虽然有最新研究的结果，但蜜蜂忙碌勤奋的形象还是很难改变，最后用IBM的广告举例表明人们仍然很崇拜蜜蜂勤奋的特性。因此A选项“显示了忙碌的蜜蜂这一观念的流行”正确。B选项“强调了忙碌的蜜蜂的负面形象”，由原文可知，忙碌的蜜蜂不是一种负面形象，而是受人崇拜的正面形象，所以B错误。C选项“引发公众对忙碌的蜜蜂形象的讨论”，原文没有描述其引发的讨论，所以C错误。D选项“质疑忙碌的蜜蜂与人类的比较”，原文没有质疑，所以D错误。

15.单选题

Inhiswill,themillionaire（）nearlyallhisfortunestothehousemaidwhotookcareofhiminhislastdays.

问题1选项

A.inherited

B.bequeathed

C.owed

D.remitted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。inherit“继承（遗产）等”；bequeath“将（财物等）遗赠给”；owe“感恩；亏欠”；remit“宽恕；汇款”。句意：在他的遗嘱中，这个百万富翁将他几乎全部的财产留给了在他最后日子里照顾他的女佣。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

____beinguseful,glassisalsoornamental.

问题1选项

A.Besides

B.Aside

C.Though

D.Because

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Besides除了……之外B.Aside（用于名词之后）除……以外

C.Though尽管D.Because因为

【答案】A

【考查点】句间逻辑与近义词辨析

【解题思路】原句语义为“____有用的，玻璃也（also）具有装饰性。”由“也（also）”可知，本句提到了玻璃的两个特性：有用性和装饰性，前后两个分句之间是并列关系；另外，空格处所填词位于句首，A选项Besides“除了……之外”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项Aside“除……以外”，语义虽然符合，但是使用位置不符；该词用于名词之后，（例如：Moneyworriesaside,thingsaregoingwell.除了资金令人发愁外，事情进展顺利。）；

C选项Though“尽管”，表转折，不符合原句语义逻辑；

D选项Because“因为”，表原因，不符合原句语义逻辑。

【句意】除了实用之外，玻璃也具有装饰性。

17.单选题

Ⅷ.(ForensicAppraisal)

ForensicevidencehasplayedaroleinmanyCanadianwrongfulconvictions.In2007,theSupremeCourtheldina4:3decisionthatpost-hypnosis(催眠后)identificationsshouldnotbeadmittedbecauseoftheirunknownreliabilityandtheriskofwrongfulconvictions.ThisdecisionpresentsapotentialforCanadiancourtstoplacestricterreliability-basedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityofexpertevidenceincludingunreliableforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.Atthesametime,variousinquirieshavemademanyimportantrecommendationsaboutreformingthepracticeoftheforensicsciences.Manyoftheserecommendationshavebeenimplemented,thoughthetendencyhasbeentodosoonadiscipline-by-disciplineandjurisdiction-by-jurisdictionbasis.

AnumberofwrongfulconvictionsinCanadahavebeencausedbyfaultyforensicevidence.Therearetwomainwaystorespondtosuchdangers.Oneisbyreformingtheproductionofthestate’sforensicevidence.Theotherisforthecourtstoplacereliabilitybasedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityorcontentofforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.TheCommissionofInquiryintoProceedingsAgainstGuyPaulMorininits1998reportfoundthatOntario’sForensicCentreforForensicSciencehadmadenumerousmistakesintheproductionofhairandfibreevidencethatpurportedtolinkMr.MorintothemurderbeforehisDNAexoneration.ThisinquiryheardtestimonythatCrownprosecutorshadassumedthattheCentrewasinfallibledespitefindingproblemsincontaminationofevidenceandthemisuseofpublishedresearch.ManyreformswereintroducedatthatcentralcrimelaboratoryinOntariointhewakeofthehighlypublicizedinquiry.Adecadelater,asimilarinquirywasheldintheneighbouringprovinceofManitobawhenhaircomparisonevidencewasagainrefutedbyDNAtesting.TheManitobainquiryheardthattheRoyalCanadianMountedPolicelabshadstoppedconductinghaircomparisonevidenceinlightofmoreadvancedDNAtesting,butstoppedshortofrecommendingthatsuchhaircomparisonevidencebeinadmissible.Italsodidnotrecommendthatthecrimelaboratoriesbeseparatedfromthepolice.Finally,itsuggestedthatitdidnothavejurisdictiontoorderanationalauditofcasesthatreliedonhaircomparisonevidence,eventhoughtheprovinceofManitobahadconductedsuchaninquiry.

ManyofthesamethemesfoundintheMorininquirywhichfocusedonhairandfibrecomparisonevidencere-emergedadecadelaterwhentheOntarioCommissionofInquiryintoForensicPediatricPathology(theGoudgeInquiry)recommendedsimilarreformstothepracticeofforensicpathology.

79.AftertheSupremeCourtdecisionin2007,theadmissibilityofforensicevidencebecame___.

80.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthewaytorespondtothedangersofwrongfulconviction?

81.OnefindingincommonintheinquiryoftheprovincesofOntarioandManitobaisthat___.

82.Theunderlinedword“theme”canbereplacedbythefollowingwordinthecontext___.

问题1选项

A.stricter

B.morereliable

C.morereliabilitybased

D.moreexpertise

问题2选项

A.Haircomparisonevidenceisinadmissible.

B.Thestate’sforensicevidenceproductionshouldbereformed.

C.Variousinquiriesshouldbeearnedouttomakerecommendationsaboutreformingthepracticeoftheforensicsciences.

D.Thecourtsshouldimposereliabilitybasedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityorcontentofforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.

问题3选项

A.theforensiccentersmadenumerousmistakesintheproductionofhairandfibreevidence

B.theevidencehadbeencontaminated

C.thetwoprovincesareconductedhaircomparison

D.thehaircomparisonevidencedoesnotmatchtheDNAevidence

问题4选项

A.subject

B.subjectmatter

C.topic

D.issue

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】79.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段ThisdecisionpresentsapotentialforCanadiancourtstoplacestricterreliability-basedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityofexpertevidenceincludingunreliableforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.（这一决定意味着加拿大法院有可能对专家证据的可采性，包括国家提供的不可靠的法医证据，施加更严格的基于可靠性的限制）可知，法庭证据的可采性会基于更多的可靠性而不是使得法院证据的可采性变得更可靠，选C选项“基于更多的可靠性”，同时可知B选项“更可靠”错误；A选项“严格”以及D选项“更多的专业知识”和原文不符。因此C选项正确。

80.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文根据第二段TheManitobainquiryheardthattheRoyalCanadianMountedPolicelabshadstoppedconductinghaircomparisonevidenceinlightofmoreadvancedDNAtesting,butstoppedshortofrecommendingthatsuchhaircomparisonevidencebeinadmissible.（曼尼托巴省的调查人员听说，由于更先进的DNA测试，加拿大皇家骑警实验室已经停止了毛发比较证据的研究，但并没有建议不采纳这种毛发比较证据）可知A选项“毛发比较证据不被采纳”不符合原文，不是应对错误定罪危险的方法；第二段Therearetwomainwaystorespondtosuchdangers.Oneisbyreformingtheproductionofthestate’sforensicevidence.Theotherisforthecourtstoplacereliabilitybasedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityorcontentofforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.（应对这些危险主要有两种方法。一是改革国家法医证据的制作。另一种是法院对国家提供的法医证据的可采性或内容进行基于可靠性的限制）可知B选项“国家的法医证据制作应该改革”和D选项“法院应该对国家提供的法医证据的可采性或内容施加基于可靠性的限制”符合原文；根据第三段whentheOntarioCommissionofInquiryintoForensicPediatricPathology(theGoudgeInquiry)recommendedsimilarreformstothepracticeofforensicpathology.（当安大略儿童法医病理学调查委员会建议对法医病理学的实践进行类似的改革时，这些主题再次出现）可知C选项“应开展各种调查，提出改革法医学实践的建议”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

81.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“theprovincesofOntarioandManitoba”定位到原文…foundthatOntario’sForensicCentreforForensicSciencehadmadenumerousmistakesintheproductionofhairandfibreevidencethatpurportedtolinkMr.MorintothemurderbeforehisDNAexoneration.（对盖伊•保罗•莫林诉讼程序的调查委员会在其1998年的报告中发现，安大略省法医科学法医中心在提供头发和纤维证据方面犯了许多错误，这些证据据称是在莫林先生的DNA免责之前将他与谋杀案联系起来的）以及Adecadelater,asimilarinquirywasheldintheneighbouringprovinceofManitobawhenhaircomparisonevidencewasagainrefutedbyDNAtesting.（十年后，在邻近的马尼托巴省进行了一次类似的调查，当时头发比对的证据再次被DNA测试所驳倒）可知选D选项“头发对比证据与DNA证据不匹配”；A选项“法医中心在制作头发和纤维证据时犯了许多错误”以及C选项“两省进行头发比较”并不是共同的发现；B选项“证据被污染了”和原文不符。因此D选项正确。

82.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干关键字定位到原文最后一段ManyofthesamethemesfoundintheMorininquirywhichfocusedonhairandfibrecomparisonevidencere-emergedadecadelaterwhentheOntarioCommissionofInquiryintoForensicPediatricPathology(theGoudgeInquiry)recommendedsimilarreformstothepracticeofforensicpathology.（10年后，安大略省儿科法医病理学调查委员会(Goudgeinquiry)建议对法医病理学的实践进行类似的改革，Morin调查聚焦于头发和纤维的比较证据，许多同样的主题再次出现。）可知本句中themes表示“主题”，多指文学、艺术作品的主题，或论文、演说的主题，原文中指对在头发和纤维的比较证据这方面研究/讨论所出现的主题；四个选项都有“主题”的含义，A选项subject指书籍、文章、演讲、讨论等中所隐含的、暗示的，需要由读者或听众推断的主题或中心话题；B选项subjectmatter指供讨论、思考或研究时考虑的东西；C选项topic可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内容，又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想，普通用词，含义广泛，但其范畴小于subject；D选项issue指有争论、议论，急需讨论研究的热点话题；本题B选项更符合题意，表示对在头发和纤维的比较证据这方面研究/讨论所出现的主题。因此B选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Theconceptof"civilsociety"hasplayedacentralroleintherecentglobaldebateaboutthepreconditionsfordemocracyanddemocratization.Inthenewerdemocraciesthisphrasehasproperlyfocusedattentionontheneedtofosteravibrantciviclifeinsoilstraditionallyinhospitabletoself-government.Intheestablisheddemocracies,ironically,growingnumbersofcitizensarequestioningtheeffectivenessoftheirpublicinstitutionsattheverymomentwhenliberaldemocracyhassweptthebattlefield,bothideologicallyandgeopolitically.InAmerica,atleast,thereisreasontosuspectthatthisdemocraticdisarraymaybelinkedtoabroadandcontinuingerosionofcivicengagementthatbeganaquarter-centuryago.Highonourscholarlyagendashouldbethequestionofwhetheracomparableerosionofsocialcapitalmaybeunderwayinotheradvanceddemocracies,perhapsindifferentinstitutionalandbehavioralguises.HighonAmerica'sagendashouldbethequestionofhowtoreversetheseadversetrendsinsocialconnectedness,thusrestoringcivicengagementandcivictrust.

InBowlingAlone(2000)Putnamfollowedupwithacomprehensiveexplorationofasubstantialarrayofdatasources.Theevidencebegantolookconvincing.Firstintherealmofcivicengagementandsocialconnectednesshewasabletodemonstratethat,forexample,overthelastthreedecadesofthetwentiethcenturytherehadbeenaFundamentalshiftin:

Politicalandcivicengagement.Voting:politicalknowledge,politicaltrust,andgrassrootspoliticalactivismamalldown.Americanssign30percentfewerpetitionsandare40percentlesslikelytojoinaconsumerboycott,ascomparedtojustadecadeortwoago.Thedeclinesareequallyvisibleinnon-politicalcommunitylife:membershipandactivityinallsortsoflocalclubsandcivicandreligiousorganizationshavebeenfallingatanacceleratingpace.Inthemid-1970stheaverageAmericanattendedsomeclubmeetingeverymonth,by1998thatrateofattendancehadbeencutbynearly60percent.

Informalsocialties.In1975theaverageAmericanentertainedfriendsathome15timesperyear;theequivalentfigure(1998)isnowbarelyhalfthat.Virtuallyallleisureactivitiesthatinvolvedoingsomethingwithsomeoneelse,fromplayingvolleyballtoplayingchambermusic,aredeclining.

Toleranceandtrust.AlthoughAmericansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanwerepreviousgenerations,theytrustoneanotherless.Surveydataprovideonemeasureofthegrowthofdishonestyanddistrust,butthereareotherindicators.Forexample,employmentopportunitiesforpolice,lawyers,andsecuritypersonnelwerestagnantformostofthiscentury-indeed,Americahadfewerlawyerspercapitain1970thanin1900.Inthelastquartercenturytheseoccupationsboomed,aspeoplehaveincreasinglyturnedtothecourtsandthepolice.

Hewentontoexaminethepossiblereasonsforthisdecline.Crucially,hewasabletodemonstratethatsomefavoritecandidatesforblamecouldnotberegardedassignificant.Residentialmobilityhadactuallybeendecliningforthelasthalfofthecentury.Timepressure,especiallyontwo-careerfamilies,couldonlybeamarginalcandidate.Somefamiliarthemesremainedthough:

Changesinfamilystructure(i.e.withmoreandmorepeoplelivingalone),areapossibleelementasconventionalavenuestocivicinvolvementarenotwell-designedforsingleandchildlesspeople.Suburbansprawlhasfracturedthespatialintegrityofpeople’s.Theytravelmuchfurthertowork,shopandenjoyleisureopportunities.Asaresultthereislesstimeavailable(andlessinclination)tobecomeinvolvedingroups.Suburbansprawlisaverysignificantcontributor.

Electronicentertainment,especiallytelevision,hasprofoundlyprivatizedleisuretime.Thetimewespendwatchingtelevisionisadirectdrainuponinvolvementingroupsandsocialcapitalbuildingactivities.Itmaycontributeupto40percentofthedeclineininvolvementingroups.

However,generationalchangecameoutasaverysignificantfactor.A“longcivicgeneration,"borninthefirstthirdofthetwentiethcentury,isnowpassingfromtheAmericanscene."Theirchildrenandgrandchildren(babyboomersandGenerationX-ers)aremuchlessengagedinmostformsofcommunitylife.Forexample,thegrowthinvolunteeringoverthelasttenyearsisduealmostentirelytoincreasedvolunteeringbyretireesfromthelongcivicgeneration".Thebookalsoexplorestheconsequencesofadeclineinsocialcapital(andthebenefitsenjoyedbythosecommunitieswithasubstantialstockofit),andwhatcanbedone.

Variouscriticismscanbemountedagainsttheargument-andmosttellingly,initially,againstthedataanditsinterpretation-however,Putnamhasmountedaverysignificantandsustainedcasehere-butitisstillopentovariouscriticisms.

1.Accordingtothetext,whichoneofthefollowingstatementistrue?

2.WhichpositionwasNOTstagnantformostofthiscenturyaccordingtoPutnam’sexploration?

3.WhatisthechangeonsigningpetitionsandjoiningboycottsinAmerica?

4.Howdoesthefamilystructureinfluencepeople'scivicinvolvement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeauthors’opiniononPutnam'sexploration?

问题1选项

A.Americansarenowtendingtotakingpartinnon-politicalactivitiesratherthanpoliticalactivities.

B.Currentcomplaintsindemocraciesmainlyfocusontheintegrityofgovernmentandpoliticians.

C.Americansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanbeforewhiletheytrusteachotherless.

D.Thereisnoproofthatsuburbansprawlhasanythingtodowithpeople’sinvolvementingroups.

问题2选项

A.Policeofficer

B.Attorneys

C.Securityguard

D.Nursingassistant

问题3选项

A.Peoplesign30%fewerpetitionsandjoin40%fewerboycotts.

B.Peoplesign40%fewerpetitionsandjoin30%fewerboycotts.

C.Peoplesign40%morepetitionsandjoin30%moreboycotts.

D.Peoplesign30%morepetitionsandjoin40%moreboycotts.

问题4选项

A.PeoplefinditmoreinterestingspendingtimewatchingTVratherthangoingoutside.

B.Traditionalwaysoftak