考研考博-英语-安徽职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamageinwomentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaierandJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersinmenandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecisetreatmentsforbraindamage.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause________.

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

25.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat________.

问题1选项

A.Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B.Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C.Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D.Theanatomyofmen’sbrainsandwomen’sbrainsdiffer.

问题2选项

A.itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthataffectthoughtprocesses

B.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecializeindifferentwaysofthinking

D.manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

问题3选项

A.Ithelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B.Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C.Thereislessofitinmen’sbrains.

D.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterandmathematicalability.

问题4选项

A.Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B.Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C.Thereisdirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguisticability.

D.Theamountofwhitebrainmatterisnotdirectlyrelatedtooverallintelligence.

问题5选项

A.menandwomenareequallyintelligent

B.menandwomenhavedifferentfrontallobes

C.headinjuriescanhavevariedeffects,accordingtowhetherapersonismaleorfemale

D.theresearchwillbeusefultootherscientists

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.（根据一项新的研究，男人和女人的想法确实不同，至少在大脑解剖方面是这样。），可知男女在大脑结构上不同，所以D选项“男性大脑和女性大脑的解剖结构不同”正确。A选项“大脑是一个整体器官”：文章没有单独提出来，故错误。B选项“智力能力取决于大脑的哪一部分被使用了”，C选项“男人和女人的智力不同”：根据第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（这项新研究表明，男性用灰质思考更多，而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调，仅仅因为男女思维方式不同，并不会影响智力表现。），可知男女的智力没有不同，也不会因为使用大脑方式的不同而产生智力差距，故错误。因此D选项正确。

22.事实细节。根据第二段最后一句Thesefindingssuggestedthat…bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.（这些发现表明……通过精确定位这些基于性别的智能区域，这项研究有可能帮助研究痴呆和其他大脑认知障碍疾病。），可知这个对大脑结构发现的现实意义是可以用来帮助治疗大脑认知障碍的疾病，所以A选项“在处理影响思维过程的疾病时，有必要了解大脑的解剖结构”正确。B选项“它表明男人和女人是同样聪明的”和C选项“它表明男人和女人在整体上同样聪明，但思考方式不同”：根据第二段第二句Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.（他们的研究结果显示，总体而言，男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍，而女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍。），这表明男女思考方式不同，但并不能表明男女智力一样，故错误。D选项“许多大脑疾病跟特定性别或其他因素有关”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

23.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人脑中，灰质代表着信息处理中心，而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。），可知灰质用来处理信息，所以B选项“用来处理信息”正确，A选项“有助于将来自大脑不同部位的信息整合在一起”是白质的功能，故错误。C选项“男人的大脑中没有那么多”：根据第二段第二句menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen（男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍），可知男性的灰质更多，故错误。D选项“大脑灰质的数量和数学能力之间有直接的关系”：根据第三段倒数第二句Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics（例如，男性在需要更多本地化处理的任务上表现得更好，比如数学），用灰质思考更多的男性在数学方面表现更好，不代表灰质数量和数学的直接关系，故错误。因此B选项正确。

24.推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句womenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills（女性在整合和吸收来自大脑分布灰质区域的信息方面表现得更好，这有助于语言技能），这里没有表明白质和语言能力的直接关系，所以C选项“脑白质的数量和语言能力之间有直接的关系”不符合文章意思，正确。A选项“女性比男性拥有更多”：根据第二段第二句womenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen（女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍），可知符合文章意思，故错误。B选项“是用来把来自大脑不同部位的信息放在一起”：根据第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人脑中，灰质代表着信息处理中心，而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。），可知符合文章意思，故错误。D选项“脑白质的数量与整体智力没有直接关系”：根据第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（这项新研究表明，男性用灰质思考更多，而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调，仅仅因为男女思维方式不同，并不会影响智力表现。），可知脑白质数量和智力没有直接关系，符合文章意思，故错误。因此C选项正确。

25.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.（这项研究还揭示了为什么不同类型的头部损伤对男性或女性更具灾难性。），可知头部受伤对男女的影响可能不同，所以C选项“根据性别不同，头部受伤可能有不同的影响”正确。B选项“男人和女人有不同的额叶”：根据第四段第二句Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.（例如，女性额叶中84%的灰质区域和86%的白质区域与智力活动有关，而男性的额叶中这两个区域的比例分别为45%和零。），这里说的是男女额叶在灰质与白质结构上的不同，而不是说男女额叶本身的不同，故错误。A选项“男性和女性一样聪明”和D选项“这项研究将对其他科学家有用”：最后一段没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Thelittlegirlthoughtfailinginexaminationas（

）,soshewasunwillingtotellherparents.

问题1选项

A.humidity

B.humiliation

C.humility

D.humanity

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项humidity“湿度”；B选项humiliation“丢脸，耻辱”；C选项humility“谦卑，谦虚”；D选项humanity“人类，人道”。根据关键词“failinginexamination考试不及格”和动词“thought认为”可知空格部分为“可耻，耻辱”，句意为：这个小女孩认为考试不及格很可耻，所以没有告诉她的父母。故正确答案选B。

3.单选题

Russia’sgovernmenthas,ineffect,defaultedonitsdebt;itseconomicpredicamentworsensbytheday.

问题1选项

A.danger

B.depression

C.slump

D.crisis

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.danger危险；风险B.depression抑郁；不景气

C.slump（销售量、价格、价值等的）骤降；萧条期D.crisis危机；危难时刻

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前半句句意“俄罗斯政府已经拖欠债务”，结合关键词worsen可推知，economicpredicament是指经济危机，predicament在句中指“危机，困境”的意思，D项词义与之相近，故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】事实上，俄罗斯政府已经拖欠债务；它的经济困境日益恶化。

4.翻译题

1.Ahealthysystemofhighereducationoffersmanyrewards:scientificdiscoveries,eventualandevenunforeseenapplications,thoughtfulpoliticalleadership,intelligentpublicdiscourse,culturalvitality,andaneducatedworkforce.Higherlearningservesseveralgoalsincoordination,goalsthataremutuallyreinforcing.Theaimsareatoncepersonalandsocial,privateandpublic,economic,ethical,andintellectual.Ofcourse,highereducationhasautilitarianfunction.Inthatregard,asRobertBellah（罗伯特·贝拉）states,itpossesses"itsownlegitimacy".Yet,itiscrucialtocombineandintegratethatfunctionwithotheraimsandends,withwhatBellahcalls"educationforthedevelopmentofcharacter,citizenship,andculture.''

2.Whileitistruethatlivingorganismsareprofoundlyaffectedbytheirenvironment,itisequallyimportanttorememberthatmanyorganismsarealsocapableofalteringtheirhabitantsignificantly,sometimeslimitingtheirowngrowth.Theinfluenceofthebiologicalcomponentofanecosystemisoftengreaterinfreshwatersthanthatinmarineorterrestrialsystems,becauseofthesmallsizeofmanyfreshwaterbodies.

【答案】1.健康的高等教育系统提供许多奖励：科学发现（最终甚至不可预见的应用）、深思熟虑的政治领导、智慧的公共演讲、文化活力以及受过教育的劳动力。高等院校有以下几个协调目标,这几个目标是相辅相成的。其目的在于个人与社会，私人和公共，经济、道德和智力之间的协调。当然，高等教育具有实用功能。在这方面，正如罗伯特·贝拉指出的那样，它拥有"自己的合法性"。然而，关键是要结合和整合其他意图和目的的功能，就像贝拉所呼吁的那样"教育为品格、公民身份和文化的发展服务"。

2.尽管生物会深受其环境的影响是确凿无疑的，但同样重要的是，我们应记住，许多生物也能极大地改变它们的栖息地，从而在某些情况下限制着它们自身的生长。某一生态系统中的生物组成部分的影响在淡水环境中往往要比在海洋或陆地系统中大，因为淡水中许多生物体的身体尺寸都很小。

5.单选题

Since2004,some60millionvisitorstotheUShavehadtheirtwoindexfingerprintsrecordedbyanscanner（

）.

问题1选项

A.opposite

B.organic

C.occasional

D.optical

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。A选项opposite“对面的，相反的”；B选项organic“有机的，组织的”；C选项occasional“偶然的，临吋的”；D选项optical‘视觉的，光学的，光读取的”；根据被修饰词scanner确定D选项正确。

6.单选题

Cyberspace,datasuperhighways,multimedia—forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswithallnewhightechnology,whiletheWestconcernsitselfwiththe‘‘how’’,thequestionof“forwhom”isputasideonceagain.

Economistsareonlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunicationsrevolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextensionoftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransnationalcorporationstakefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoneymovementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.

Forthemtheresultisinstability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoodsforexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As“futures”aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandlesscontroloftheirdestinies.Sowhataretheoptionsforregainingcontrol?Onealternativeisfordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunicationsthemselves—so-called“developmentcommunications”modernization.Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies.

CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.Europe,orJapan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafewindustrializedcountries.Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmustthereforebeboughtoncredit-creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhosecompaniesstandtogain.

Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoftentoolowalevelofexpertisetoexploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhilelocalelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransitionalcorporationsmaybenefit,thosewhoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisintheinterestof（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

3.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheelectroniceconomymayhaveadestructiveimpactdevelopingcountries?

4.Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecommunicationsrevolutionis（

）.

问题1选项

A.therichcountries

B.scientificdevelopment

C.theelite

D.theworldeconomy

问题2选项

A.internationaltradeshouldbeexpanded

B.theinternationalofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsideration

C.theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreased

D.communicationstechnologyinthedevelopingcountriesshouldbemodernized

问题3选项

A.Becauseitenablesthedevelopedcountriestocontroltheinternationalmarket.

B.Becauseitdestroystheeconomicbalanceofthepoorcountries

C.Becauseitviolatesthenationalboundariesofthepoorcountries.

D.Becauseitinhibitstheindustrialgrowthofdevelopingcountries.

问题4选项

A.hindertheirindustrialproduction

B.causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade

C.forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports

D.costthemtheireconomicindependence

问题5选项

A.positive

B.ritical

C.indifferent

D.tolerant

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得电子经济成为可能，这将让富裕国家加强对全球市场的控制，而对贫困国家则是毁灭性的影响”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，高科技的发展意味着富裕国家的利益不断增加，选项A符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。文章第一段提到对于那些看得见未来的人来说，计算机、电视和电话将永远改变我们的生活；但是却很少有人关注这些科技的发展对穷人的影响（forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor），由此可知贫困国家的利益并没有得到重视，选项B符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得电子经济成为可能，这将让富裕国家加强对全球市场的控制，而对贫困国家则是毁灭性的影响”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，由于电子经济会使得全球市场掌控在富裕国家手中，因而贫穷国家的利益将会受到损害，选项A符题意。

第4题:细节事实题。文章第三段主要讲述了通信技术对发展中国家的影响。文章提到发展中国家对自己命运的掌控越来越少，为了重新获得控制权，它们会考虑通信现代化（“developmentcommunications”modernization），但是这样做的后果是会导致长期依赖和对本国经济永久地制约（Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies），由此可知选项D“付出了经济独立的代价”符合题意。

第5题:观点态度题。文章讨论的主要内容是通信技术对发展中国家的负面影响，作者对此是持否定态度的，因此，选项B“批判的”符合题意。

7.单选题

Thetragicimpactofthemodemcityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetic.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialstotheproductsofscienceandtechnologywashingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do.acardriver,andhasneverhaditsogood.

HeisreluctanttoWalk.Statisticsrevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort.Astherearenoadequateoff-streetparkingfacilities,thecitiesarelitteredwithkerb-parkedcarsandparkingmetersrearthemselveseverywhere.Congestionha9becomethepredominantfactorinhisenvironmentandstatisticssuggestthattwocarsperhouseholdsystemmaysoonmakemattersworse.

Inthemeantime,insultisaddedtoinjuryby“landvalue’’..Thevalueoflandresultsfromitsuse:itsincomeisderivedfromtheserviceitprovides.Whenitsuseisintensified,itsincomeanditsvalueincrease.“Puttinglandtoitshighestandbestuse”becomestheprincipaleconomicstandardinurbangrown.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadtothe“vertical”growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestioninordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyforremovingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.

Partialdecentralization,orrather,pseudo-decentralizationintheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown:ifitisnotcombinedwiththeremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystemitdoesnotcureit.Heretheengineeringsolutionsarestronglyaffectedbythenecessityforcomplicatedintersectionswhichinrum,arefrustratedbytheextravagantcostofland.

Itiswithinourpowertobuildbettercitiesandrevivethecivicprideoftheircitizens,butweshallhavetostopoperatingonthefringeoftheproblem.Weshallhaveradicallytoreplanthemtoachievearationaldensityofpopulation.Weshallhavetoprovideinthemwhatcanbecalledminimum“psychologicalelbowroom.”Oneoftheingredientsofthiswillbepropertransportationplans.Thesewillhavetobeanintegralpartoftheoverallplanningprocesswhichinitselfisascientificprocesswherefactsareessential.Wemustcollect,inanorganizedmanner,allandcompleteinformationaboutthecityorthetown,ifwewanttoplaneffectively.

Theprincipalunitthisprocessis“IM”(oneman).Wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillorthepeople.Scientificmethodsofdatacollectionandanalysiswillindicatetrends,buttheywillnotdirectaction.Scientificmethodsareonlyaninstrument.The‘man-educated"man,thehumanwillhavetosetthetarget,andusingtheresultsobtainedbyscienceandhisownengineeringskill:takeuponhimselfthefinalshapingofhisenvironment.Hewillhavetousehishighmoralsenseofresponsibilitytothecommunityandtofuturegenerations.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes（

）.

2.Thehighly-developedtechnologyhasmademan（

）.

3.Thedrasticincreaseoflandvalueinthecity（

）.

4.Theexpansionofbigcitiestothedistantsuburbanareasmay（

）.

5.Theauthorsuggeststhattheremodelingofcitiesmust（

）.

问题1选项

A.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.weremoredesirousaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

D.enjoyedmorefreedomanddemocracy

问题2选项

A.increasinglyindustrious

B.freefrominconvenience

C.excessivelydependentonexternalaids

D.abletosavehisphysicalstrength

问题3选项

A.isthegoodresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.offersmoreopportunitiestolanddealers

C.isannoyinglyartificialandmeaningless

D.fortunatelyleadstothe“vertical”growthofcities

问题4选项

A.solvetheproblemofcitycongestion

B.resultintheremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem

C.bringthesamecongestiontothesuburbanareas

D.needlessinvestmentonland

问题5选项

A.putprioritytothebenefitofthefuturegenerations

B.befocusedonpeopleratherthanoneconomy

C.beeconomicallyprofitabletolandowners

D.resorttoscientificmethods

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据文章第一句Thetragicimpactofthemodemcityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetic.现代城市对人类产生的悲剧性影响己经扼杀了人类的审美意识。所以推断他认为古时候的人的审美意识更强一些。B选项’有更强的审美观‘正确。

2.根据第一段的后半部分和第二段的前两句中Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do.acardriver,andhasneverhaditsogood.Heisreluctanttowalk.Statisticsrevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort：此时此刻，人们陶醉于民主、富足、以车代步，这种感觉是以前所没有的。人们不愿步行。统计数据表明，人们从停车地点到购物商店，愿意步行的距离很短。推断人类在享受着科技成果带来的种种方便的同时也变得更加懒惰了，人类已经变得更加依赖外来的帮助，即现代化机器的帮助。所以C选项‘过分依靠外部帮助‘正确。

3.根据文章第三段可知，土地价值的增长一是人为的，二是对于解决城市拥挤的问题无济于事。所以C选项’是令人讨厌的人为和无意义的‘符合题意。

4.根据第四段Partialdecentralization,orrather,pseudo-decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown：采取把大型的发展单位迁离传统的中心城市的做法，是一种部分分散，或更准确地说是一种准分散。因为这种分散只会把中心城市的拥挤弊病带给新兴地区。确定C选项‘把同样的拥挤弊病带给新兴地区‘正确。

5.根据最后一段的内容Wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillofthepeople.：我们一定不要忘记，城市是由人来建设的，城市的布局和外观形象应该受人民的意愿所支配。所以推断作者认为，城市是由人建造的，它们的构成以及形式应该取决于人的意志。这也就是说，城市的重新设计应该强调人的意志，所以B选项‘以人民的意愿为重点‘正确。

8.单选题

Ihavegivenyoumyadvice.Whetheryouwillactonitis（

）you.

问题1选项

A.upto

B.upfor

C.onto

D.forto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beuptosb.意为“取决于某人”。

句意：我已经给了你我的建议。是否采纳就看你了。

9.单选题

Themedicinewassupposedtocureallkindsof（）,rangingfromcoldstobackpains.

问题1选项

A.compliments

B.ailments

C.implements

D.commitments

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。compliment恭维，称赞；ailment疾病，多指小病；implement工具，器具；commitment承诺，保证。句意：据说这种药可以治疗各种各样的疾病，从感冒到背痛都可以。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Whethertheextensionofconsciousnessisa“goodthing”forhumanbeingisaquestionthat（）awidesolution.

问题1选项

A.admitsof

B.requiresof

C.needsof

D.seeksfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。admitof“容许，有……的可能”；requireof“需要，要求得到”；needof“需要”；seekfor“寻找；探索”。句意：意识的扩展对人类来说是否是一件“好事”，这一个问题……一个广泛的答案。“需要或寻求广泛的答案”都不符合语义；所以选择admitof，表示“是一个可能有广泛答案的问题”。因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Theemphasisonexaminationsisbyfarthe（）worstformofcompetitioninschools.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible“可食用的”；fabulous“难以置信的；极好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根据句子意思可知此处应该填一个形容词，并且是表示贬义的形容词来形容“强调考试”这种糟糕的竞赛方式，分析四个选项，只有disproportionate最恰当。句意：对考试的强调是目前学校里面最不合理……竞赛方式。故正确答案为选项D。

12.单选题

Bulliedbytwoclassmates,theboybegantocryandtearslowly（）downhisface.

问题1选项

A.oozed

B.trickled

C.dribbled

D.leaked

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ooze“渗出；泄漏”；B选项trickle“使……滴；一滴滴地流”；C选项dribble“连击；使滴下；运球”；D选项leak“使渗漏，泄露”。句意：受到两位同班同学的欺负后，这位男孩开始哭，然后眼泪顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流下。结合此处句意眼泪应该是顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流，判断出B选项正确。

13.单选题

（）isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

问题1选项

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，意为“如……一样，像……一样”等；as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面。句意：人们普遍认为，经济的增长取决于生产的顺利发展。因此D选项正确。

14.翻译题

41.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(15’)

USbusinessesrespondedwithalarmtoPresidentDonaldTrump’sannouncementofwide-rangingtariffsonimportsfromChina,warningthattheywouldraisecostsforAmericanconsumersandriskedprovokingadamagingtradewar.Businessgroupsfromarangeofindustriesexpressedacommonview:theysharedMr.Trump’sconcernsaboutintellectualpropertyviolationsandunfairtradingpracticesbyChinabutthoughthisdecisiontousetariffstoaddresstheproblemwouldbecounter-productive.OneofthestrongestresponsestotheplanscamefromtheNationalRetailFederation,whichsaidthetariffswould“punishordinaryAmericansforChina’sviolations”.

【答案】【参考译文】

美国总统唐纳德.特朗普(DonaldTrump)宣布对中国进口产品广泛征收关税后，美国企业纷纷表示震惊，他们警告，关税将提高美国消费者成本，并有引发破坏性的贸易战的风险。来自不同行业的商界组织表达了共同的看法：他们认同特朗普对中国侵犯知识产权和不公平交易行为的担忧，但认为使用关税解决问题的决定可能适得其反。美国零售联合会(NationalRetailFederation)是对关税计划作出最强烈回应的机构之一。该机构指出，征收关税将“让普通美国人因中国的违规行为而受到惩罚”。

15.单选题

ThelargestmeteoriteondisplayisintheAmericanMuseuminNewYorkCity（）over34tons.

问题1选项

A.anditweighs

B.itweighs

C.itsweightis

D.whichitweighs

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。分析题干可知，前面句子已经有谓语动词is，而选项中均有谓语动词weigh，因此前后谓语所在的句子之间需要用并列连词and连接，故选A项。句意：最大的陨石在纽约的美国博物馆展出，重量超过34吨。

16.单选题

ComparingwithotherAsiancountries,Chinasuffersfromthegreatestgapbetweenitsdevelopmentneedsanditsactualwaterresources.

问题1选项

A.Comparingwithother

B.from

C.gapbetweenits

D.itsactualwaterresources

E.没有问题

【答案】A

【解析】语法错误。考查非谓语动词。Comparingwithother改为Comparedwithother,当表示被动时，非谓语动词需用过去分词的形式。

17.单选题

InPlato’sRepublicwefindadiscussionaboutmoralityandselfishness.Plato’sbrotherGlauconistryingtomakeSocratesgivesomegoodreasonsforwhyitisbettertobejustthantobeunjust.Glauconinsiststhatallpeoplebynaturelookafterthemselves,andwheneverwecangetawaywithsomething,wewilldoit,regardlessofhowunjustitmaybetoothers.Unfortunately,wemayreceivethesametreatmentfromothers,whichishighlyunpleasant,soforthesakeofpeaceandsecurityweagreetotreateachotherdecently—notbecausewewantto,butbecauseweareplayingitsafe.Moralityisjustaresultofourlookingoutforourselves.Ifwecangetawaywithsomething,itisournaturetomakethemostofit.

WhatGlauconissuggestinghereabouttheoriginofsocietyisafirstinWesternthought.Histheoryisanexampleofwhathasbecomeknownassocialcontracttheory,andthistypeoftheorybecameparticularlyinfluentialmuchlater,intheeighteenthcentury.Asocialcontracttheoryassumesthathumansusedtoliveinapre-socialsetting(withoutrules,regulations,orcooperation)andthen,forvariousreasons,gottogetherandagreedonsettingupasociety.Generally,socialcontracttheoriesassumethathumansdecidetobuildasocietywithrulesforthesakeofthecommongoodorforthesakeofself-protection.Thetheoryistodayknownaspsychologicalegoism.

ToGlaucon,decentpersonswilldo“unjust”thingsjustasquicklyasscoundrelsiftheyknowtheycangetawaywithitsincetheirhumannaturesareidentical.HereGlauconisactingasthedevil’sadvocateinordertomakeSocratesdefendjusticeassomethingthatisgoodinitself.Surelyweallcanremembereventsinourlivesthatshowthatwedon’talwaysactoutofself-interest.WemayrememberthatMotherTeresaandotherunselfishsoulshavespenttheirliveshelpingothers