考研考博-英语-安徽大学江淮学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽大学江淮学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Arecentofhomebuyingpatterns（）showsthatmanypeopleunder30inAmericaarestillrenting.

问题1选项

A.status

B.bonus

C.chorus

D.census

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项status“地位；状态”；B选项bonus“奖金；红利；额外津贴”；C选项chorus“合唱队；齐声”；D选项census“人口普查；普查”。句意：针对住宅购买模式的一项最近普查显示，在美国很多30岁以下的人仍然在租房。由句意可知D选项正确。

2.单选题

Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch（

）asloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.

问题1选项

A.virtues

B.features

C.properties

D.characteristics

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。virtue“美德，优秀品质”；feature“特征，特点”；property“特性，性能，财产”；characteristic“特征，特点”。句意：经理高度赞扬了员工所体现的忠诚、勇敢和诚实的优秀品质。题干中的loyalty，courage和truthfulness都属于“优秀的品质”，因此答案选A。

3.单选题

Hiltercommittedoneofthemost（）crimesinhistory.

问题1选项

A.violent

B.venturous

C.vicious

D.virus

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。violent“暴力的，猛烈的”；venturous“不顾一切的，好冒险的”；vicious“恶毒的，恶意的，凶残的”；virus“病毒”。句意：Hilter犯下了历史上最暴力的行径之一。A项符合题意。

4.单选题

Shethinksaboutnothingbutdancing.Sheiscompletely（）toit.

问题1选项

A.addicted

B.absorbed

C.involved

D.interested

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，一般和介词to搭配；B选项absorb“承受，理解，使..全神贯注”，一般和介词in搭配；C选项involve“涉及，使陷于，潜心于”，一般和介词in搭配；D选项interest“感兴趣”，一般和介词in搭配。根据句意“她只想跳舞。她完全上瘾了。”只有选项A能和介词to搭配，所以A正确。

5.单选题

ThesummersessioninGeorgetownUniversitywasareallywonderfuloccasionwhichwewill（

）formanyyearstocome.

问题1选项

A.discount

B.acquit

C.cherish

D.blur

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。discount“打折扣”；acquit“无罪释放”；cherish“珍惜”；blur“使……模糊不清”。句意：乔治敦大学暑期班是个很棒的场合，我们将在今后的许多年里都会珍惜它。选项C符合题意。

6.翻译题

Duringourlivesallofusareexposedtothepossibilityofavarietyofriskeventssuchas:workaccidents,majorillness，death，etc.Ifourfinancesarevulnerabletotheconsequencesofariskevent,itwouldbewisetoprotectourselvesandourdependentsagainstthoseconsequences.Thiscanbedoneinanumberofways,fromtakingstepstoensurethatwearenotendangeredtopurchasinginsurancethatwouldcompensateforthefinancialconsequencesoftheriskeventoccurring.

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】在我们的一生中，我们所有人都有可能面对各种不同的风险中，如：工伤事故、重病、死亡等等。如果我们的财产易受到风险事故后果的影响，所以保护我们自己和我们的家人免遭这些后果的伤害是明智的做法。这可以通过很多途径来实现，从采取措施确保我们不受危害到购买保险来弥补突发事故发生所带来的经济后果。

7.单选题

This（）wasconductedtofindouthowmanypeoplepreferrice.

问题1选项

A.examination

B.survey

C.inspection

D.test

【答案】B

【解析】近义词辨析。examination考试；survey调查；inspection检查；test试验。句意：这项调查是为了看看有多少人更喜欢米饭。选项B符合语境。

8.单选题

Ifthey’relookingfora（

）ofinformationonapageorareengrossedincontent,theywon’tbedistractedbytheadsontheside.

问题1选项

A.stripe

B.sustainment

C.series

D.snippet

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。stripe“条纹”；sustainment“支持物”；series“系列，连续”；snippet“片断”。句意：如果他们正在一个网页上寻找信息片段或者专心地看内容，那么他们将不会被旁边的广告分心。由informationonapage可知空格处指信息片段，故D项正确。

9.单选题

Hefinishedthepaintings（）fortheexhibition.

问题1选项

A.ingoodtime

B.forthetimebeing

C.fromtimetotime

D.timeaftertime

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查介词短语用法。A选项ingoodtime“及时地，适时”，B选项forthetimebeing“暂时，眼下”，C选项fromtimetotime“不时，有时，时常”，D选项timeaftertime“不断地，反复”。句意：他在展览前及时完成了绘画。因此，A选项符合句意。

10.单选题

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe（

）ofhumanrace?

问题1选项

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项offspring“后代，子孙”；B选项successor“继承者”；C选项breeder“饲养员，繁殖者”；D选项predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人类祖先的说法吗?选项D符合句意。

11.单选题

Themoneyspentonmedicalinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___tenyearsago.

问题1选项

A.muchmore

B.asmuchas

C.thatasmuchofthat

D.asmuchasthatof

【答案】B

【解析】考查平行结构。平行结构指and,but,aswellas,or,orelse,both...and,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…but(also),asmuchas等并列连词连接两个对等的词或者对等的结构：1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致，2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致，3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致；整个题干有省略的部分，把句子展开Themoneyspentonsocialinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___thatspentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago.句意：去年花在社会保险上的钱是十年前花在社会保险上的四倍，即可以看出句子中的平行结构themoney与省略的that平行，spentonsocialinsurancelastyear与省略的spentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago平行。A选项：muchmore后边接多音节形容词或者副词，也能接可数名词复数或者不可数名词，more是much或者many的比较级，代入后不符合题干；C，D选项代入后可以看到that重复，破坏平行结构；B选项代入后符合平行结构。因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Thecapitalintendedtobroadentheexportbaseand（

）efficiencygainsfrominternationaltradewaschanneledinsteadintouneconomicimportsubstitution.

问题1选项

A.secure

B.extend

C.defend

D.possess

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项secure“保护（使免受危险或失败），提供保证；获得，取得”；B选项extend“延伸，扩大”；C选项defend“防护，辩护，防卫”；D选项possess“占有，拥有；缠住，迷住”。句意：本打算用来扩大出口基地从而有效地从国际贸易中获得效益的资金却用到了没有经济效益的进口贸易中去了。根据句意可知，且选项中能与gains搭配的只有secure，故A选项正确。

13.单选题

“Thosegirlsareidenticaltwins,aren’tthey?”“Yes,theylookexactly（

）

问题1选项

A.same

B.alike

C.like

D.sameones

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。look在此处作感官动词，意为“看起来……”后面接形容词。same一般与the连用，alike为形容词，意为“相像的，十分相似”。

句意：“那些女孩是同卵双胞胎，不是吗？”“是的，她们看起来十分相似”。

14.单选题

_____,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.

问题1选项

A.Otherthingsbeingequal

B.Wereotherthingsequal

C.Tobeequaltootherthings

D.Otherthingstobeequal

【答案】A

【解析】考查独立主格。句意：在其他条件相同的情况下,善于表达自己的人比不善言辞的人能更快的获得成功。选项A为分词独立主格结构,在本句中起条件状语的作用。选项B为虚拟语气条件句,但后面的句子为陈述语气，所以选项B错误；选项C为动词的不定式短语,可以做目的状语,但不能做条件状语；选项D结构错误。所以本题选A。

15.单选题

Growth,reproduction,anddailymetabolismallrequireanorganismtoexpendenergy.Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.Ifallofone’smoneyisspentonclothes,theremaybenonelefttobuyfoodorgotothemovies.Similarly,aplantoranimalcannotsquanderallitsenergyongrowingabigbodyifnonewouldbeleftoverforreproduction,forthisisthesurestwaytoextinction.

Allorganisms,therefore,allocateenergytogrowth,reproduction,maintenance,andstorage.Nochoiceisinvolved;thisallocationcomesaspartofthegeneticpackagefromtheparents.Maintenanceforagivenbodydesignofanorganismisrelativelyconstant.Storageisimportant,butultimatelythatenergywillbeusedformaintenance,reproduction,orgrowth.Thereforetheprincipaldifferencesinenergyallocationarelikelytobebetweengrowthandreproduction.

Almostallofanorganism’senergycanbedivertedtoreproduction,withverylittleallocatedtobuildingthebody.Organismsatthisextremeare“opportunists.”Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”almostallofwhoseresourcesareinvestedinbuildingahugebody,withabareminimumallocatedtoreproduction.

Dandelionsaregoodexamplesofopportunists.Theirseedheadsraisedjusthighenoughabovethegroundtocatchthewind,theplantsarenobiggerthantheyneedbe,theirstemsarehollow,andalltherigiditycomesfromtheirwatercontent.Thus,aminimuminvestmenthasbeenmadeinthebodythatbecomesaplatformforseeddispersal.Theseveryshort-livedplantsreproduceprolifically;thatistosaytheyprovideaconstantrainofseedintheneighborhoodofparentplants.Anewplantwillspringupwhereveraseedfallsonasuitablesoilsurface,butbecausetheydonotbuildbigbodies,theycannotcompetewithotherplantsforspace,water,orsunlight.Theseplantsaretermedopportunistsbecausetheyrelyontheirseeds’fallingintosettingswherecompetingplantshavebeenremovedbynaturalprocesses,suchasalonganerodingriverbank,onlandslips,orwhereatreefallsandcreatesagapintheforestcanopy.

Opportunistsmustconstantlyinvadenewareastocompensateforbeingdisplacedbymorecompetitivespecies.Humanlandscapesoflawns,fields,orflowerbedsprovidesettingswithbaresoilandalackofcompetitorsthatareperfecthabitatsforcolonizationbyopportunists.Hence,manyofthestronglyopportunisticplantsarethecommonweedsoffieldsandgardens.

Becauseeachindividualisshort-lived,thepopulationofanopportunistspeciesislikelytobeadverselyaffectedbydrought,badwinters,orfloods.Iftheirpopulationistrackedthroughtime,itwillbeseentobeparticularlyunstable―soaringandplummetinginirregularcycles.

Theoppositeofanopportunistisacompetitor.Theseorganismstendtohavebigbodies,arelong-lived,andspendrelativelylittleefforteachyearonreproduction.Anoaktreeisagoodexampleofacompetitor.Amassiveoakclaimsitsgroundfor200yearsormore,outcompetingallotherwould-becanopytreesbycastingadenseshadeanddrawingupanyfreewaterinthesoil.Theleavesofanoaktreetastefoulbecausetheyarerichintannins,achemicalthatrendersthemdistastefulorindigestibletomanyorganisms.Thetanninsarepartofthedefensemechanismthatisessentialtolongevity.Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.Onceanoaktreebecomesestablished,itislikelytosurviveminorcyclesofdroughtandevenfire.Apopulationofoaksislikelytoberelativelystablethroughtime,anditssurvivalislikelytodependmoreonitsabilitytowithstandthepressuresofcompetitionorpredationthanonitsabilitytotakeadvantageofchanceevents.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatthepureopportunistorpurecompetitorisrareinnature,asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics.

1.Inparagraph1,theauthorexplainstheconceptofenergyexpenditureby

（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theclassificationoforganismsas“opportunists”or“competitors”isdeterminedby（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph7ascontributingtothelongevityofanoaktreeEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,oaktreesareconsideredcompetitorsbecause

（

）.

5.Inparagraph7,theauthorsuggeststhatmostspeciesoforganisms（

）.

问题1选项

A.identifyingtypesoforganismsthatbecameextinct

B.comparingthescientificconcepttoafamiliarhumanexperience

C.arguingthatmostorganismsconserveratherthanexpendenergy

D.describingtheprocessesofgrowth,reproduction,andmetabolism

问题2选项

A.howthegeneticinformationofanorganismisstoredandmaintained

B.thewayinwhichtheorganisminvestsitsenergyresources

C.whethertheclimateinwhichtheorganismlivesismildorextreme

D.thevarietyofnaturalresourcestheorganismconsumesinitsenvironment

问题3选项

A.thecapacitytocreateshade

B.leavescontainingtannin

C.theabilitytowithstandmilddroughtsandfire

D.thelargenumberofacornsthetreeproduces

问题4选项

A.theygrowinareasfreeofopportunists

B.theyspendmoreenergyontheirleaves,trunksandrootsthanontheiracorns

C.theirpopulationtendstoincreaseordecreaseinirregularcycles

D.unlikeotherorganisms,theydonotneedmuchwaterorsunlight

问题5选项

A.areprimarilyopportunists

B.areprimarilycompetitors

C.beginasopportunistsandevolveintocompetitors

D.havesomecharacteristicsofopportunistsandsomeofcompetitors

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.（能量支出本质上是一个预算过程，就像财政预算一样）可知B选项“将科学概念与人类熟悉的经验进行比较”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Almostallofanorganism’senergycanbedivertedtoreproduction,withverylittleallocatedtobuildingthebody.Organismsatthisextremeare“opportunists.”Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”（几乎所有的生物体能量都可以被转移到繁殖上，而很少被分配到身体生长上。在这个极端的生物体是“机会主义者”，在另一个极端的生物体是“竞争者”）可知B选项“生物体投资能量的方式”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.（虽然橡树能产出数千颗橡子，但与建造树叶、树干和树根的能源相比，对橡子作物的投资很小）“橡子”属于橡树的繁殖方式，不属于橡树生命长的原因，因此D选项“橡树产生大量的橡子”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Attheotherextremeare“competitors,”almostallofwhoseresourcesareinvestedinbuildingahugebody,withabareminimumallocatedtoreproduction.（另一个极端是“竞争对手”，它们几乎把所有的资源都投资到建设一个巨大的身体上，只有很少的一部分用于繁殖）可知B选项“它们花在叶、干和根上的精力比花在橡子上的精力多”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics（当大多数物种处于这两个极端组成的区域中，表现出一些机会主义和一些竞争特征的混合）可知D选项“具有机会主义者和竞争对手的一些特点”符合题意。

16.填空题

Onenight,standingoutonthedeck,Ifeltdestroyedbymyburden.Iwasabout$50,000indebt.Mypublisherandmyagentwereatmeconstantly,toaskwhenIwouldfinishthisendlessbook.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dtoask改为asking

【解析】【考查点】非谓语动词。

【解题思路】D部分是句子的非谓语动词，ask和此句的主语Mypublisherandmyagent是主动关系，所以用现在分词asking。

【句意】一天晚上，我站在甲板上，觉得不堪重负。我当时欠了5万美元。我的出版商和经纪人不断地问我，什么时候能写完这本永无终止的书。

17.单选题

Attheheightofthewar,morethanamillionpeopleweredisplacedandconfinedtosqualidcamps.

问题1选项

A.wet

B.tiny

C.crowded

D.dirty

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.wet潮湿的B.tiny极小的，微小的

C.crowded拥挤的D.dirty肮脏的，污秽的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】squalid的意思为“肮脏的”，表示难民营很脏，dirty与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】在战争最激烈的时候，有一百多万人流离失所，被关在肮脏的难民营里。

18.单选题

Duetosluggishmarketconditions,thefactory'sworkforcehas（）fromover4,000toafewhundred.

问题1选项

A.proclaimed

B.dwindled

C.repressed

D.indulged

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。proclaimed公告；dwindled减少，变小，缩小；repressed抑制，镇压，约束；indulged放任，放纵。句意：由于市场不景气，工厂的工人已从4000多人减少到几百人。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

Shelookedcloselyatthepictureforalongtime（

）everydetailinit.

问题1选项

A.jeopardizing

B.visualizing

C.dissecting

D.scrutinizing

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。jeopardize意为“危及，损害”；visualize意为“使形象化，想象，构思”；dissect意为“解剖(人或动植物)，仔细研究”；scrutinize意为“仔细检查，细致审查”。

由空格后的“everydetail（每一个细节）”可知D选项更为恰当。

句意：她近距离看了这幅画很长一段时间，仔细观察了其中的每一个细节。

20.单选题

Notuntilthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies（）asaunifiedscience.

问题1选项

A.didecologyemerge

B.whenecologyemerged

C.ecologyemerged

D.whendidecologyemerge

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装结构。当notuntil放句首时，句子要部分倒装。故A项正确。句意：直到19世纪末20世纪初，生态学才作为统一的科学出现。

21.单选题

Therealmofproductliabilityisonethathasalwaysputlegalscholarsandpractitionersatodds.Viewedbysomeasgenuineeffortstoprotectthepublicfromdangerousgoodsandothersasanexcusefordirtylawyerstosuerichcompanies,thematterhasyettoberesolved.Productliability,anditsimplicationsfordisgruntledconsumerswishingtosuethemakersofwhattheybuy,continuestobedebated.

Thosewhoarguethatcurrentproductliabilitylawsarepositiveassertthatwithoutsuchlaws,manufacturerswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafetyoftheconsumerswhobuytheirproducts.Asaresult,theyargue,shoddymerchandisewouldemerge,witheverypossiblecomercutinordertolowercosts,attheexpenseofquality.Notonlywouldtheshoddymerchandisebearip-off,however,buttheproductscouldlikelybeharmfulaswell.Proponentsofthispointofviewhailthenewwaveofwarninglabelsandincreasedqualityassurancethathasresultedfromrecentproductliabilitylegislation,confidentintheirconvictionthatithasmadetheAmericanmarketplaceasaferplacetoshop.

Opponentsofthecurrentstatus-quo,however,citetheoverwhelmingamountoflitigationthathastakenplaceasaresultofstricterproductliability.Amoderateapproachisadvisedbythisgroup,betweenthenecessarysafeguardsthatworldpreventabuseofthesystembythecompaniesandtheexcessiveconsumer-protectionlawsthatallowproducerstobesuedatthedropofahat.Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrievancestocourt,hopingforamilliondollaroutcome.

Asthesituationstandsnow,theformercampisgettingitsway,reflectingsociety’spriorityofsafetyovereconomics.Recentlobbyingbyproducershasbeguntoshiftthetide,however.Asabuseofproductliabilitylawscontinuesandgrows,courtsarebeginningtonotethetrendandtakeappropriatemeasures,castingakeenereyeonsuchcasessoastodistinguishbetweenfrivolouscasesandmoreseriousclaims.Inregardtothefutureofproductliabilitylegislationanditsrelationtooureverincreasinglylitigioussociety,onlytimewilltell.

1.Itisstatedthatconsumerswhobringproductliabilityproblemstolitigation（

）.

2.Manufacturersinthetexttendto（

）.

3.Thosewhofavorlessstrictproductliabilitylawsbelievethat（

）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueseemstobe（

）.

5.Themainpurposeofthistextisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.areprimarilymotivatedbythepossibilityofquickmoneythroughalawsuit

B.sufferinjuriesfromfaultymerchandiseanddeserveappropriatecompensation

C.willfindtheiroptionslimitedinthefutureasproductliabilitylawswillmovetowardamoremoderateposition

D.bringtheirissuestolitigationbasedonbothlegitimateandprofitseekinggrounds

问题2选项

A.invariablyproducedangerousproductsthatrequirelegislationtoensuresafety

B.holdprofitandcost-cuttinginhigherregardthanconsumersafety

C.bethevictimsofalegalinstitutionthatunfairlytargetsthem

D.beboundbythecurrentsystem,causingthemtotakecautioninproducingtheirproducts

问题3选项

A.suchlawscurbproducers’abilitytocreateshoddymerchandisetoattaingreaterprofit

B.thelawsneedtobemodifiedtobetterservetheneedsofbothconsumersandproducers

C.theresultsofsuchlawshavebeenpositivethusfar,butneedtobemodified

D.strictproductliabilitylawsareunnecessaryandshouldbedisposedof

问题4选项

A.biased

B.puzzling

C.objective

D.indifferent

问题5选项

A.presenttwoopposingsidesofanargumentforthereader’sconsideration

B.educatethereaderabouttheeffectofproductliabilitylegislationonthelegalsystem

C.convincethereaderthatproductliabilitylawsneedtobechanged.

D.informthereaderofthecurrentstatusofproductliabilitylaws

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章提到如果产品质量有问题，消费者有权利提起诉讼；但是也有少量消费者由于贪婪而去寻求一切有可能的机会去获取大量的赔偿费（Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrievancestocourt）。选项D全面，符合题意。

2.文章第二段第一句话后半句提到manufactureswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafetyoftheconsumers，所以选项B符合题意。

3.文章第三段第二句话提到采取中间态度的人认为既要预防产品质量带来的问题，也要预防过度的消费者保护，所以选项B符合题意。

4.文章最后一段作者提到主张对产品质量严格要求的阵营占了主导地位，相关法律法规将会对产品质量进行严格监管，同时也会对消费者无聊的诉求进行更为严格的监控，但是至于结果到底怎么样，作者认为都要交给时间（onlytimewilltell），所以作者是抱着客观的态度。选项C符合题意。

5.文章主要提及了现在产品质量法律法规，不同阵营的人对此持不同的态度，有的偏向生产商，有的偏向消费者。选项D符合题意。

22.单选题

Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreaterglowofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.S.hadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheApolloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.

Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencesimplybygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.

TodayMarsloomsashumanity'snextgreatterraincognita.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashorttermfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet'sreddishsurface.Coulditbethatscience,whichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexploration,isatlastdestinedtotakealeadingrole?Thequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothers.ArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumanscoulddoonMars?Couldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspace?

WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen.Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thechiefpurposeofexplorersingoingtounknownplacesinthepastwas（

）.

2.Atpresent,aprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelarge-scalespaceventuresis

（

）.

3.WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMars?

4.Bysaying"WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen"(Line1,Para.4),theauthormeansthat

（

）.

5.ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswould（

）.

问题1选项

A.todisplaytheircountry'smilitarymight

B.toaccomplishsomesignificantscience

C.tofindnewareasforcolonization

D.topursuecommercialandstateinterests

问题2选项

A.internationalcooperation

B.nationalisticreasons

C.scientificresearch

D.long-termprofits

问题3选项

A.Tofindoutiflifeeverexistedthere.

B.Toseeifhumanscouldsurvivethere.

C.Toprovethefeasibilityoflarge-scalespaceventures.

D.Toshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration.

问题4选项

A.withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventures

B.inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbeveryhigh

C.inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbefore

D.withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareatissue

问题5选项

A.makeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflife

B.confirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteor

C.revealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlifeoriginates

D.provideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniverse

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.（几个世纪以来，探险家们冒着生命危险去探索那些不为人知的地方，或多或少是由于经济的或国家利益的原因）可知D选项“追求商业和国家利益”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashorttermfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet'sreddishsurface.（由于短期财政回报的前景令人怀疑，冷战记忆的迅速消失，以及人们对大型太空探险国际合作的日益重视，很显然，现实需求已压倒经济利益和民族主要诉求，促使人类离开通向这座表面呈红色的星球的轨道）可排除B、D选项，A选项“国际合作”是进行太空探险的方式，故排除，因此选C。

3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.（越来越多的证据显示，这颗红色星球曾经有过大量稳定的液态水，关于掉落到地球的火星陨石上有细菌化石的说法一直存在争议，这些都突出了一个问题——火星上是否存在生命，以及这些生命到现在是否还一直生存在火星上）可知A选项“看那里是否存在生命”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience（如果可以确定生命是在火星和地球上独立产生的，这一发现将为所有科学中最深奥的奥秘之一提供第一条具体线索）可推测风险越大，回报越高，因此选B。

5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.（一个关于火星上生命的更确切的答案，无论是过去的还是现在的，都会给研究人员提供宝贵的数据，了解到行星在何种条件下都可以产生导致生命的复杂化学物质）可知C选项“揭示生命起源的类型”符合题意。

23.单选题

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

问题1选项

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢复;shield与from庇护,使免遭……;shade不与from搭配,rescuefrom从...中营救。句意：应该用塑料布把树裹起来,以防止风和霜冻。选项B符合句意。

24.单选题

Youmustbeverycareful.Thework（

）precision.

问题1选项

A.retails

B.repels

C.retains

D.entails

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项retail“零售，详述”；B选项repel“击退，抵制”；C选项retain“保持，固定”；D选项entail“使需要，要求”。句意：你必须非常小心，这项工作对精确性要求极高。选项D符合句意。

25.单选题

Aweeklater,（）actionsweretakentocontroltheinflation,whichcausedriotsalloverthecountry.

问题1选项

A.desperate

B.ambivalent

C.ambiguous

D.deliberate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项desperate“拼命的，绝望的”；B选项ambivalent“矛盾的”；C选项ambiguous“模棱两可的”；D选项deliberate“故意的，深思熟虑的”。句意：一周后，政府采取了深思熟虑的措施来控制造成全国混乱的通货膨胀。此处填入空格的形容词修饰actions（措施，行动）。由句意可知一周之后才采取措施，那肯定是经过深思熟虑的，D选项“深思熟虑的措施”符合题意，其他选项都不准确。因此D选项正确。

26.单选题

Earlyinthesixteenthcentury,FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsistedintheelevationoftheauthorityofexperimentandobservationoverthatofreason,intuition,andconvention.Baconthoughtthatasmoreandmorereliableandpreciseparticularfacts,accumulate,theycanbeclassifiedandgeneralized,resultinginanever-expandinghierarchyofuseful“axioms”.Thisiswhathemeantby“induction”.

Althoughmanypeopletodaycontinuetoregardthecollectionoffactsandtheirarrangementbyinductionintotheoriesastheheartofscientificmethod,Bacon’sconceptionofwhatfactsandtheoriesareandoftherelationshipbetweenthemwashopelesslyunrealisticeveninhisowntime.ThemostimportantearlyscientificdiscoveriessuchasthosemadebyGalileoaboutthemovementoftheearth,byKepplerabouttheellipticalshape,ofplanetaryorbits,andlaterbyNewtonaboutthe“force”ofgravity——couldneverhavebeenmadeifBacon’sruleshadprevailed.

Determinedtoavoidallprematurespeculations,Baconproposedthatdatagatheringbecarriedoutbyilliterateassistantswithnointerestinwhetheranexperimentturnedoutonewayoranother.Plainfacts,properlyarranged,wouldautomaticallyleadtocertainknowledgeoftheuniverse.Nothingcouldbemoremisrepresentativeoftheactualproblem-solvingtechniquesofthescientificmethod.ThatplainfactsdonotspeakforthemselvesisevidentfromBacon’sownacceptanceoftheerrorscontainedinwhatappearedtobethemost“obvious”offacts.ForBaco