考研考博-英语-宁夏警官职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏警官职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope（

）Europeintoagreatwar.

问题1选项

A.imposed

B.pitched

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。impose强加，征税；pitch投掷，倾斜；insert插入；plunge跳入，使陷入。句意：1914年，东欧一件明显微不足道的小事让整个欧洲陷入一场大战争中。由insignificantevent与agreatwar可知两者存在联系，即小事件引起大战争，D项符合题意。答案D

2.案例题

TheconclusionoftheUruguayRoundofmultilateraltradenegotiationsin1994，andtheestablishmentoftheWTOin1995toprovidetheinstitutionalsupporttothemultilateraltradeagreements,constitutedasignificantmilestoneintheevolutionofthemultilateraltradingsystem.Theprincipleof“singleundertaking，”boundallWTOmemberstoalltheresultsoftheUruguayRoundnegotiations(withtheexceptionofplurilateralagreements),therebyreinforcingthefundamentalprincipleofmost-favorednation(MFN)treatment.WiththeconclusionoftheUruguayRoundandthestrengthenedmultilateraltradingsystem(MTS),therewasanexpectationthatexceptionstomultilateralism,suchasregionaltradeagreements,eventhoughlegallycoveredbytheWTOundercertainconditions,wouldeitherbecomelessofanalterativepolicyoptionforcountriesorwillneedtobeadaptedandconductedinsuchamannerastobecomeoutward-oriented;notinward-looking,andhasconstitutebuildingblocksforthenewmultilateralismusheredinbytheWTO.

ThisobjectivehasbeencontinuallyemphasizedinWTOMinisterialDeclarationsthatreaffirmcommitmenttothesupremacyofmultilateralismwhilerecognizingtheimportantrolethatregionaltradeagreements(RTAs)canplay.Thisisapparentfromparagraph4intheDohaDeclarationwhereWTOMembersstressedtheir“commitmenttotheWTOastheuniqueforumforglobaltraderule-makingandliberalization,whilealsorecognizingthatregionaltradeagreementscanplayanimportantroleinpromotingtheliberalizationandexpansionoftradeandinfosteringdevelopment”.IntheworkprogrammeadoptedatDoha.WTOMembersalsoagreetonegotiationsaimedatclarifyingandimproving,existingWTOprovisionsapplyingtoRTAswhiletakingintoaccounttheirdevelopmentalaspects(paragraph29).Such“developmentalaspectsareaconcreteexpressionofthewideremphasisintheDohaWorkProgrammed(DWP)ondevelopmentissues,includingimplementation-relatedissuesandAsrecognizedbytheseDeclarations,thegrowth,expansionanddeepeningofregionaltradeagreementshasbeenremarkable.AlmostallcountriesintheworldandvirtuallyallWTOMembers(theexceptionbeingMongolia)todayarepartyto,orareintheprocessofnegotiating,atleastoneRTA.Thus,regionalismhasbecomeapolicyoptionformostcountriesandisapermanentfeatureoftheinternationaltradingenvironmentfortheforeseeablefuture.

Anotablefeatureintherecentriseofregionalismisthatcountriesthathavetraditionallyfavoredthemultilateralapproachtotradeliberalization,includingAustralia,NewZealand,Japan,Singapore,IndiaandtheRepublicofKoreahavejoinedtheRTAbandwagon.TheUnitedStateshasalsogivenmoreattentiontoconcludingRTAs.AdifferentcompositionofRTAsinvolvingthewideningofcountrycoveragebeyondthetraditionalregionalzonehasemerged.Significantly,RTAshaveemergedbetweencountriesandentitiesindifferentregions/continents(e.g.EU-Mexico,EU-SouthAfrica,US-Israel.Jordan,Morocco,Chile).Inmostcases,theseagreementsarebilateralinmembership,concludedbytwocountries/entities,includingthecaseoffreetradeagreementsnegotiatedandconcludedbythetwodistinctRTAs(e.g.EU-MERCOSURundernegotiation).

Theexpansion,wideninganddeepeningofRTAshasresultedin,asituationwherebyintra-RTAtradeaccountedforsome40percentofworldtrade(merchandiseimports)in2000andwillaccountforover50percentin2005.Furthermore,intra-RTAtradehasbeensignificant,orhasbecomemoreimportantforRTAmembers.Thus,internationaltradeflowsareincreasinglyconcentratedwithinregionalgroupingsformedbylargetradingnations.

ThequalitativedimensionofRTAsinrespectofcoverageofpolicyareashasalsoevolved.Recent“new-generation”RTAsincreasinglycovernotonlytradeingoods,butalsoother“behindtheborder”regulatoryareas,includingtradeinservices,investment,competitionpolicy,intellectualpropertyrights,governmentprocurement,labor,environmentanddevelopmentcooperation,therebygoingbeyondmultilateraldisciplinesandliberalizationcommitments(“WTO-plus”).Thesearepartandparcelof“deeper”integrationefforts.

Developingcountriesarenoexceptiontotheprocessofexpansionandreinvigorationofthe

RTAs.Theyhaveactivelyparticipatedinregionaltradeagreementsamongthemselves(South-South)andwithdevelopedcountries(North-South).Inadditiontothesesubregionalagreements,variousbilateralpreferentialtradeagreements(PTAs)havebeenlaunchedamongorinvolvingdevelopingcountries,oftenonaninterregionalbasis.

WhatisWTO’sstancetowardregionalism?Howisthedevelopmentofregionalismintheworldrightnow?(5points)

Pleasebrieflyanalyzethepositiveandnegativeeffectsofregionalismtodevelopingcountries.(10points)

Withthethrivingofregionalismintheworld,whatdoyouthinkisthefutureofWTO’smultilateraltradingsystem(MTS)?(10points)

【答案】WTOrecognizestheimportantrolethatregionalismcanplay.

Ontheonehand,regionalismcancauseapositiveeffectondevelopingcountries.Itwillbringalotofchancesfordevelopingcountriestotradewithothertradingpowers,whichwillhelpdevelopingcountriestoincreasetheirstrengthineconomicandtechnology;Ontheotherhand,thenegativeeffectshouldnotbeignoredeither.Becausethedevelopedcountriesareplayingthemainandleadingroleinregionalism,sometimesdevelopingcountrieswillbeinaunfavorablepositionduringtheprocessofcooperatingwithdevelopedcountries.Andtheenvironmentalproblemscausedduringtheseprocessesarealsoabigdisadvantagefordevelopingcountries.

ThedevelopmentofWTO’smultilateraltradingsystemmaybestuckintroubleandsomeofitsconventionswillbehit.

3.单选题

Alcoholscanalso（）judgmenttotheextentthatyoumaynotmakethebestorbrightestdecisionsinacoldweatheremergency.

问题1选项

A.impart

B.impact

C.impair

D.impose

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项impart“传授”，B项impact“影响”，C项impair“损害、削弱”，D项impose“利用”；句意：酒精也会影响你的判断力，让你在寒冷天气的紧急情况下无法做出最佳或最明智的决定。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Itisquitenaturalthatthenativepeopleusethewordorderandsentencepatternswithout（

）choice.

问题1选项

A.aware

B.careful

C.thebest

D.conscious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项aware“知道的，意识到的”；B选项careful“仔细的”；C选项thebest“最好的”；D选项conscious“意识到的，清醒的”句意：当地人使用词序和句型是很自然的，没有（）选择。结合选项这里填的词意应该是“意识到的”，排除B、C选项；conscious通常比较正式，强调内心的意识，而aware则是指通过信息，或者感觉器官意识到的，这里根据语境是内心的意识，所以A选项排除，答案选D。

5.翻译题

中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。一方面是生产规模在不断扩大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生产设备。这迫使我们思考如何为后人留下足够的环境空间以使他们实现他们的愿望。

【答案】答：

ThelimitednaturalresourcesonwhichChina’ssustainabledevelopmentdependsaredecliningsharply.Ontheonehand,theexpandingscaleofproductionleadstoincreasedconsumptionofenergy.Ontheotherhand,theproductionfacilitieswhichusingenergyefficientlyarelacking.Thisforcesustothinkabouthowtoleaveenoughenvironmentalspaceforfuturegenerationstorealizetheiraspirations.

6.单选题

Anycountryhasgoodreasontowantitscitizenstobeashealthyaspossible,sinceoneofitsgreatestresourcesisanactivepopulation.Nocountrywantsitspeopletosufferunnecessarilyfromillhealth.

Thiswasthekindofthinkingwhichledtotheintroductionofahealthserviceinmanycountries.InBritainthishasdevelopedintoa“WelfareState”inwhichallcitizens,richandpooralikecangetmosthealthtreatmentfree.Themoneyforthisispartiallyraisedbycontributionsfromemployersand

employees.

Asthreedecadeshaveshown,suchautomaticarrangementsarenotalwaysidealandthereareargumentsforandagainsttheHealthService.Thenumberofpatientstreatedeveryyearandthecostoftreatmentaremuchgreaterthanwasestimated.ThismeansthatthepeoplewhoworkfortheHealth

Service-doctors,nursesandotherhospitalstaff—havemuchmoreroutineworktodoandasaresulttheyhavelittletimeforpreventivemedicine.TheHealthServicedoesneedmorestaff—aneedthatcanonlybemetifmoremoneyismadeavailabletoit.

However,apowerfulargumentfortheHealthServiceisthatmanypeopleareabletoreceiveexpensivetreatmentwhichtheycouldneveraffordthemselves.Sometimesthisfreetreatmentisabusedandpeoplevisittheirdoctorswhentheydon’treallyneedto.Becausetheyhavesomanypatients,

doctorscannotspendaslongwitheachoneastheywouldlike,andsomepeopleprefertopayforprivatetreatmentsothattheirdoctorscangivethemmoretime.Infact,somewealthypeoplefeelthattheyshouldpay,andsofreemoremoneyfortreatmenttoothers.

1.Intheauthor’sview,BritainisaWelfareStateinthat（）.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theauthormentionsthatsomewealthypeopleprefertopayforprivatetreatmentbecause（）.

5.Theword“abused”(Para.4)means（）.

问题1选项

A.allcitizensareentitledtoafreemedicaltreatmentinsomesense

B.poor,unliketherich,couldenjoyfreemedicaltreatment

C.healthserviceishighlydevelopedinBritain

D.Britaindoesn’tallowitspeopletosufferunnecessarilyfromillhealth

问题2选项

A.theHealthServiceisintroducedtomanyothercountriesbyBritain

B.theHealthServicehasbeenintroducedanddevelopedfor30yearsinBritain

C.anactivepopulationisthegreatestresourceinBritain

D.allcitizensinBritainhaveagoodopinionoftheHealthService

问题3选项

A.AWelfareState

B.ImportanceoftheHealthService

C.DisadvantagesoftheHealthService

D.TheHealthService

问题4选项

A.theirdoctorscangivethemmoretimeleavefromwork

B.thosedoctorshavebettermedicalinstruments

C.theymightsavesomemoneyforthepoor

D.theirdoctorshaveastrongersenseofresponsibilityforthepatients

问题5选项

A.destroyed

B.usedinwrongway

C.ignored

D.wasted

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“WelfareState”定位到第二段第二句“InBritainthishasdevelopedintoa'WelfareState'inwhichallcitizens,richandpooralikecangetmosthealthtreatmentfree.”所有公民，无论贫富，都可以免费获得大部分医疗服务。选项A符合原文。

2.细节推断题。选项A和选项C在文中没有提及；根据第三段的第一句“Asthreedecadeshaveshown,suchautomaticarrangementsarenotalwaysidealandthereareargumentsforandagainsttheHealthService.”threedecades意为30年；公众支持和反对卫生服务都有，并不都是好的评价；所以选项B符合原文，而选项D错误。

3.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲医疗服务的发展，其有利条件和不利条件，所以选项D更能概括全文，其他选项只是文中的片段。

4.细节推理题。根据关键词“wealthypeople”定位到最后一段的最后一句“Infact,somewealthypeoplefeelthattheyshouldpay,andsofreemoremoneyfortreatmenttoothers.”事实上，一些富人觉得他们应该付钱，这样就可以把多余的钱让给其他人治疗。选项C符合原文。

5.词汇推断题。根据第四段的第二句“Sometimesthisfreetreatmentisabusedandpeoplevisittheirdoctorswhentheydon’treallyneedto.”有时这种免费治疗被滥用，有些人在不需要的时候也去看医生。由此可知他们是用了错误的方法，选项B符合原文。

7.单选题

AsmanyofthearticlesinthisissueofTheMcKinseyQuarterlydemonstrate,companiesinthedevelopedworldareoutsourcing（资源外置）everlargerportionsoftheirbusinesstolow-cost,highlyskilledworkersinthedevelopingworld.Drivingthistrendistheremarkableabilityoftheglobalworkforcetolearnonthejob.

Infact,therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,political,andintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.TheresearchoftheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute(MGI)duringthepastdecadehasconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

MGIhasfoundampleevidenceinthedevelopingworldtosupportthisconclusion.InBrazil,forexample,thetwoleadingprivateretailbanksarelocallyownedandstaffedbutachievenear-globallevelsofbest-practiceproductivity.AHondafactoryinBrazilperformsalmostaswellasthecompany’sJapaneseandUSplants.Inthesamecountry,theFrenchhypermarketchainCarrefourachievesabout90percentoftheproductivitythatitachievesathome.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Ihavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon'tforceit.Afterall,that'showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimeforeducation.Theydidn'thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Wecanconcludefromthesecondparagraphthatinpoorcountries（

）.

2.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theeconomicgrowthisneeded

（

）.

3.Accordingtothetext,educationgotstarted（

）.

问题1选项

A.progressineducationisnecessaryforthepoliticaldevelopment

B.theimportanceofeducationhasbeenoverestimated

C.thepooreducationresultsinthelowstandardsofliving

D.thetraditionalviewabouteducationisgroundless

问题2选项

A.beforeeducationcanprogress

B.beforeapoliticalsystemcanoperate

C.inpoorcountriestoescapepoverty

D.toadapttothecompetitiveenvironment

问题3选项

A.whenthegovernmentforcedpeopletostudy

B.whenourancestorshadenoughtime

C.whenourancestorswerenolongerphysicallyhungry

D.beforeourancestorsfoundbetterwaystogetfood

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong（然而，在贫穷国家教育应该是最优先促进经济快速发展的观点是错误的）可知B选项“教育的重要性被高估了”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由最后一段中的Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation...Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.（当竞争环境推动我们的祖先实现这一潜力时，他们又能提供更多的教育……然而，缺乏正规教育并不会限制发展中国家劳动力在可预见的未来大幅度提高生产力的能力）可知经济的增长需要适应竞争环境，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。文章第四段的内容为：教育与经济发展的真正关系是什么？我开始怀疑持续的经济增长会促进教育的发展，即使政府不强制教育。毕竟，教育就是这样开始的。当我们的祖先一万年前是猎人和采集者时，他们没有时间接受教育。可知教育开始在我们的祖先找到更好的食物的方法之前，因此选D。

8.单选题

Hehasbeen______ofmurderingtheJapanesevisitor.

问题1选项

A.blamed

B.charged

C.accused

D.arrested

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.blamed责怪；指责B.charged收（费）；控诉

C.accused控告；控诉D.arrested逮捕；拘留

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息murderingtheJapanesevisitor（谋杀日本游客）可推知，空格处应该填入“指控、控诉”，而由介词of可知，beaccusedof是固定用法，表示“被指控”，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A项不符合句意；

B项要与with搭配，chargesb.withsth.表示“控告某人某事”；

D项要与for搭配使用，arrestsb.forsth.表示“因某事逮捕某人”。

【句意】他被指控谋杀了那名日本游客。

9.写作题

Directions:ItisnotstrangeinrecentyearstohearthatsomestudentsmaykillthemselvesatUniversity.Whatisyouropiniononthosestudentswhocommitsuicideorkillthemselves?WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.Markswillbemainlyawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriacy.Failuretomeettherequirednumberofwordsmayalsoresultinthelossofmarks.

MyViewonCampusSuicideatUniversityYouaretowriteinthreeparts:

Inthefirstpartofyourarticle,youshouldclearlypresentyourview.

Inthesecondpart,youshouldsupportyouropinionwithappropriatedetails.

Inthelastpart,youshouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorsummary.

【答案】MyViewonCampusSuicideatUniversity10.单选题

Sincethesituationischanging,let’stakesome（）measurestodealwithit.

问题1选项

A.available

B.changeable

C.considerable

D.flexible

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。available可获得的；changeable多变的；considerable相当大的，重要的；flexible灵活的。句意：既然情况在变化，让我们采取一些灵活的措施来处理它。选项B和D在句意上似乎都可以，但这里修饰的名词是measures，所以选项D更恰当一些。

11.单选题

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（

）awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

问题1选项

A.circulation

B.reproduction

C.manipulation

D.penetration

【答案】A

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。circulation“发行，发行量”；reproduction“复制，复制品；繁殖”；manipulation“操作，操纵”；penetration“刺穿，进入”。句意：在美国报业中的新科技改革带来了发行量的增长，出版数量也增加，报业的工作机会增多。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels,andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineis"intelligent".Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappyifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent,yourareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.DNervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent"peopledonothaveN.B.D'sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepressionbecausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus

EveryonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficultiesDisagreements,conflictandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeing.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveanN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon'tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknow;also,themostrare.

1.Accordingtotheauthortheconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone'sabilitytoread,writeandcompute（）.

2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree（）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows（）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofpeoplearerare?

问题1选项

A.isawidelyheldbutwrong

B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice

C.therootofallmentaldistress

D.willcontributetoone'sselffulfillment

问题2选项

A.mayresultinone'sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblem:

B.doesnotindicateone'sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments

C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak

D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent

问题3选项

A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths

B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife

C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile

D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise

问题4选项

A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryoneslife

B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife

C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances

D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence

问题5选项

A.Thosewhodon'temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness

B.Thosewhoarenotawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness

C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.D's.

D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths”中文翻译为“对自己负责包括平息一些非常流行的神话。”结合语境，因此A为最佳选项。

2.细节推理题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineisintelligentYetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates..”中文翻译为：我们开始相信，那些拥有更多教育价值徽章并且非常擅长某种形式的学校纪律的人是‘聪明的’。然而，精神病院里挤满了那些拥有所有字母证书的病人。可以得知D选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.”中文翻译为更真实的智力指标是一种有效的、幸福的生活，活在每一天和当下的每一刻。以及“Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.”，中文翻译为：如果你快乐，每一分钟都过得值得，那么你就是聪明的人。此外“Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression.”，中文翻译为：聪明的人知道如何选择幸福而不是沮丧。因此，C最符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段“Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.”，中文翻译为：“每个在任何社会环境中与其他人打交道的人都有类似的困难。分歧、冲突和妥协是作为人的意义的一部分。”故A最符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文“Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknow;also,themostrare.”中文翻译为：“那些能够懂得各种困难是人生难免的状况，不以是否遭遇问题来衡量幸福与否的人是最聪明，也是出类拔萃的。”可以得知B项最为符合。

13.单选题

Musicistheresultofthoughtintheformofattitude,orstance.Thereisnoonewayofthinking,sincemen’svaluesareasscatteredanddissimilarasindividualmenthemselves.Ifblackmusiccanbeseenastheresultofcertainattitudes,certainspecificwaysofthinkingabouttheworld,thenmybasichypothesisaboutmusicisunderstood.Theblackman’smusicchangedashechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangecontexts.Itiswhythemusicchangedthatseemsmostimportanttome.

WhenjazzfirstbegantoappearontheAmericansceneduringthetwenties,inoneformoranother,itwasintroducedinmanyinstancesbywhiteAmericans.Yetitsoriginalconceptionanditsmostvitaldevelopmentweretheresultofcertainattitudes,orempiricalideas,attributabletotheAfro-Americanculture.Jazzasplayedbywhitemusicianswasnotthesameasthatplayedbyblackmusiciansnorwasthereanyreasonforittobe.Themusicofthewhitejazzmusicianwas,atitsmostprofound,alearnedart.

Theblues,forexample,whichItaketobeanautonomousblackmusic,waspracticallyignoredinpre-jazzwhiteAmericanculture.Bluesisanextremelyimportantpartofjazz.Howeverthewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.Thewhitemusicianunderstoodthebluesfirstasmusic,butseldomasanattitude,sincetheattitudeofthewhitemusicianwasnecessarilyquiteadifferentone.Andinmanycases,itwasnotconsistentwiththemakingofjazz.

Thus,thetrumpetsofBixBeiderbeckeandLouisArmstrongwereverydissimilar.Thewhitemiddle-classboyfromLowawasaninbornintellectualandhadanemotionallifethatwasbasedonhisconsciousorunconsciousdisapprovalofmostoftheritualofhisculture.OntheotherhandArmstrongwas,intermsofanemotionalarchetype,anhonoredpriestofhisculture.Hewasnotrebellingagainstanythingwithhismusic.TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety;Beiderbecke,becauseofhisisolationanddeviationfrommassculture;andArmstrong,becauseofthesocio-historicalseparationoftheblackmanfromtherestofAmerican.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheunderlyingideaofthepassage?

2.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweenbluesandjazzinAmericanculturewouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Thetoneoftheauthor’sdiscussionofthebluesisprimarilyoneof（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,BeiderbeckeandArmstrongweresimilarinwhichofthefollowing?

5.TheauthorimpliesthatthekindsofmusicproducedbyBeiderbeckeandArmstrongdiffergreatlybecause（）.

问题1选项

A.Becauseofenvironmentalinfluences,themusicofblackandwhiteartistsmustbeverydifferent.

B.Becauseitistheresultofthought,themusicofblackartistscanbelearnedbywhitemusicians.

C.Becausejazzisprimarilyamusicalformcreatedoninspiration,itisdifficultforonemusiciantocopythestyleofanother.

D.Becausemusichassocialsignificance,itsinfluenceonblackwhiterelationsshouldnotbeunderestimated.

问题2选项

A.JazzplacedmoreemphasisonAfro-Americanculturethandidtheblues

B.JazzchangedtheattitudesofwhitemusicianstowardAfro-Americanculture.

C.Jazzwasbasedonthebluesattitude,butexpresseditinamannerthatwascomprehensi