考研考博-英语-太原理工大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-太原理工大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

问题2选项

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

问题3选项

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

问题4选项

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

问题5选项

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到动作的氧化代谢率对它们生存方式造成的影响（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解释无氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了无氧糖酵解的不足以及对动物的生存产生的影响。综上所述，选项B符合题意。

2.文章第三段第一句提到了补偿的局限性（therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出动物由于无氧糖酵解所导致的大量能量消耗必须得到补偿，然后又通过小松鼠为例来说明小型动物补偿的时间短，而大型动物则需要很长的时间才能完成补偿，这就是补偿的局限性。选项B符合题意。

3.文章第二段第二句话Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent—inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了无氧糖酵解与动物体型的关系。随后举了恐龙的例子来解释说明肌肉越多，糖原质的含量就越多，体型大，肌肉多，选项D符合题意。

4.文章主要介绍无氧糖酵解对动物的生存产生的影响，没有使用一些非常晦涩难懂的专业知识，因此作者最可能针对的是刚刚接触相关学科的人群。选项A符合题意。

5.文章主要提及了氧化代谢率较低的大型动物的不利原因。作者通过举了恐龙这种大型动物来说明自己的观点，比如一只100吨重的恐龙可以通过无氧糖酵解产生3000个人进行氧化新陈代谢（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）产生的最大的能量，从而保证大型动物能在激烈的丛林中生存。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Thelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury（）thesteadyimprovementinthemeansoftravel.

问题1选项

A.told

B.declared

C.viewed

D.witnessed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项tell“告诉、讲述”；B选项declare“宣布、申明”；C选项view“观察”；D选项witness“目击、见证”，句意为：19世纪后半期见证了交通工具的不断改进。D选项符合句意。

3.填空题

Adebatehaseruptedwithinmedicineoverhowtoensurethatphysiciansmaintaintheirclinicalskillsthroughouttheircareers.TheAmericanBoardofInternalMedicine(ABIM)haslongrequiredinterniststopassMaintenanceofCertificationexamsevery10yearstokeeptheirboard-certifiedstatus.(71)Inresponse,theABIMannounceditwouldofferanewassessmentoptionstartinginJanuary2018,allowingdoctorstoberecertifiedthroughshorter,butmorefrequent,assessments.(72)Infact,itraisesacoupleofimportantquestions:Areassessmentseventhemosteffectivewaytoincentivizedoctorstokeepupwiththelatestmedicalknowledgeandnewtechnologies?Whydon’twedirectlymeasurephysicians’qualityofcareandpatientoutcomesastheygrowolder?

Whilethereissomeevidencethatphysicians’clinicalknowledge,adherencewithup-to-datestandardsofcare,andperformanceonprocessmeasuresmaywaneastheygetolder,littleisknownaboutwhetherandhowageimpactsphysicians’practiceandtheirpatientoutcomes.(73)Ontheotherhand,scientificknowledge,technology,andclinicalguidelineschangesoregularlythatkeepingupwiththemandincorporatingthemintoclinicalpracticecanbeoverwhelming.

AsthephysicianworkforceintheU.S.ages(approximatelyone-fifthofU.S.physiciansareover65yearsold,andthesizeofthegrouphasincreased27%since2005),itbecomesevenmoreimportanttounderstandhowphysicianagemightrelatetopatientoutcomes.(74)

Therelationshipbetweenphysicianageandpatientoutcomeshasnotbeenempiricallystudiedatalargescale.(75)Inourstudy,whichwasrecentlypublishedinTheBMJ,wefoundthatU.S.Medicarepatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansweremorelikelytodiewithin30daysofhospitalization,comparedwithpatientstreatedbyyoungerphysicians—unlesstheolderphysicianswereusedtotreatinglargenumbersofpatientseachyear.

A.Wefoundthatpatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansexperiencedstatisticallysignificantlyhighermortalityratesthanpatientscaredforbyyoungerphysicians.

B.Thiswouldhelpinformneweffortstoeducateolderphysiciansandimproveclinicaloutcomes.

C.However,thispolicyhasrecentlycomeunderscrutinyduetoitshighburdentodoctorsandthelackofsoundevidencethatrecertificationprocessesimprovedoctors’qualityofcare.

D.Ononehand,skillsandknowledgeareaccumulatedthroughexperienceandcanimprovequalityofcare.

E.Butit’snotclearthatthiswillmakemuchdifference.

F.Therefore,wedecidedtoinvestigatethisissuebyanalyzingtheoutcomesofhospitalizedMedicarepatientsandtheageoftheirtreatingphysicians.

【答案】71.C

72.E

73.D

74.B

75.F

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Wefoundthatpatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansexperiencedstatisticallysignificantlyhighermortalityratesthanpatientscaredforbyyoungerphysicians.A.我们发现，由年长的医生治疗的病人的死亡率在统计学上明显高于由年轻医生照顾的病人。

B.Thiswouldhelpinformneweffortstoeducateolderphysiciansandimproveclinicaloutcomes.B.这将有助于为教育年长医生和改善临床预后的新尝试提供信息。

C.However,thispolicyhasrecentlycomeunderscrutinyduetoitshighburdentodoctorsandthelackofsoundevidencethatrecertificationprocessesimprovedoctors’qualityofcare.C.然而，这一政策最近受到了审查，因为它给医生带来了很高的负担，而且缺乏合理的证据证明重新认证过程可以改善医生的护理质量。

D.Ononehand,skillsandknowledgeareaccumulatedthroughexperienceandcanimprovequalityofcare.D.一方面，技能和知识是通过经验积累的，可以提高护理质量。

E.Butit’snotclearthatthiswillmakemuchdifference.E.但目前还不清楚这是否会带来很大的变化。

F.Therefore,wedecidedtoinvestigatethisissuebyanalyzingtheoutcomesofhospitalizedMedicarepatientsandtheageoftheirtreatingphysicians.F.因此，我们决定通过分析住院的医疗保险病人的结果和他们主治医生的年龄来调查这个问题。

71.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】文章开头介绍了美国内科医学委员会要求内科医生每10年通过认证维护考试（MaintenanceofCertificationexams）这一政策，下文说到“将提供一种新的评估选项（newassessmentoption）”，由此可知空格处包含了一个转折的逻辑关系，说明原来的政策存在问题。C选项中的“However（然而）”表示转折，并且介绍了这一政策的问题在于“给医生带来了很高的负担（itshighburdentodoctors），而且缺乏合理的证据（thelackofsoundevidence）”。因此C选项“然而，这一政策最近受到了审查，因为它给医生带来了很高的负担，而且缺乏合理的证据证明重新认证过程可以改善医生的护理质量。”正确。

72.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】上文说到“将提供一种新的评估选项（newassessmentoption）”，下文又针对这种评估方法提出了几个重要的问题，由此可知空格处包含了一个转折的逻辑关系，说明新评估方法能否发挥作用还不确定，E选项中的“But（但是）”表示转折，同时“this（这个）”指代的是上文的“newassessment（新评估方法）”。因此E选项“但目前还不清楚这是否会带来很大的变化。”正确。

73.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】下文说到“另一方面（Ontheotherhand），科学知识、技术和临床指导方针变化如此频繁”，由此可知空格处讲的应该是其他的方面，D选项中的“Ononehand（一方面）”和下文的“Ontheotherhand（另一方面）”相对应。因此D选项“一方面，技能和知识是通过经验积累的，可以提高护理质量。”正确。

74.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】上文说到“了解医生的年龄（physicianage）与患者预后（patientoutcomes）之间的关系变得更加重要。”，由此可知空格处应该是介绍这一点的作用，B选项中的“This（这个）”指代的是上文的“了解医生的年龄（physicianage）与患者预后（patientoutcomes）之间的关系”，其作用是“为教育年长医生（olderphysicians）和改善临床预后（clinicaloutcomes）的新尝试提供信息”。因此B选项“这将有助于为教育年长医生和改善临床预后的新尝试提供信息。”正确。

75.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】上文说到“医生年龄和病人预后之间的关系尚未进行大规模的实证研究（hasnotbeenempiricallystudiedatalargescale）。”，指出了前人研究的不足之处，由此可知接下来应该是提出自己目前研究的目的或假设。因此F选项“因此，我们决定通过分析住院的医疗保险病人的预后和他们主治医生的年龄来调查这个问题。”正确。

4.单选题

Thetrainfromthecapitalwasderailedlastnightinthemountainarea,butfortunatelytherewereno（）,policesaid.

问题1选项

A.catastrophes

B.cataracts

C.casualties

D.caprices

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。catastrophe“大灾难”；cataract“大瀑布，洪水”；casualty“伤亡人员”；caprice“任性，反复无常；随想曲”。句意：昨晚，从首都出发的火车在山区脱离轨道，庆幸的是没有人员伤亡。选项C符合题意。

5.不定项选择题

Ofallthepeopleonmyholidayshoppinglist,therewasonelittleboyforwhombuyingagifthadbecomeincreasinglydifficult.He'sawonderfulchild,adorableandloving,andhe'snotfussyorirritableorspoiled.Thoughhelivesacrossthecountryfromme,Ireceiveregularupdatesandphotos,andhelikesallthethingsthattheboyshisagewanttoplaywith.Shoppingforhimshouldbeeasy,butIfindithardtosummonupanyenthusiasm,becauseinalltheyearsI'vegivenhimpresents,heneveroncesentmeathank-younote.

“Sendingthank-younotesisbecomingalostart,”mournsMaryMitchell,asyndicatedcolumnistknownas“Ms.Demeanor”andauthorofsixetiquettebooks.Inherview,eachgeneration,comparedwiththeonebefore,islosingasenseofconsiderationforotherpeople.“Withoutrespect,”shesays,“youhaveconflict.”

Ms.Demeanorwouldbeproudofme:Ihavefiguredoutawaytoensurethatmychildrenalwayssendthank-younotes.Andsuchagestureisimportant,saysMs.Demeanor,because“agratefulattitudeisatremendouslifeskill,anefficientandinexpensivewaytosetourselvesapartintheworkforceandinouradultlives.Teachyourchildrenthatthehabitofmannerscomesfrominside—it'sanattitudebasedonrespectingotherpeople.”

Afewyearsago,asmychildrendescendedlikepiranhasontheirpresentsundertheChristmastree,theonlyattitudeIcouldseewasgreed.Wherewastheappreciationoftimeandeffort?

Athank-younoteshouldcontainthreethings:anacknowledgementofthegift(Lovethetiewiththepictureofahorseonit.);arecognitionofthetimeandeffortspenttoselectit(Youmusthaveshoppedalloverthestatetofindsuchauniqueitem!);apredictionofhowyouwilluseyourgiftorthewayithasenhancedyourlife(I'llbesuretowearittothenextMr.Edconvention!).

So,fiveyearsago,inoneofmyrareflashesofparentalinsight,Idecidedthatthemostappropriatetimetoteachthisbasiccourtesyiswhilethetinselishot.Tothehorrorofmychildren,Iannouncedthathencefortheverygiftreceivedwillbeanoccasionforathank-younotewrittenimmediately,onthespot.IhaveexplainedtomykidshowIhavereactedtonothearingfromthelittleboy—howitmademefeelunappreciatedandunmotivatedtorepeattheprocessnextyear.

Ihavereluctantlygivenmykidsthegreenlighttosende-thank-younotes;thoughhand-letteredones(atleasttome)stillseemfriendlier.Butprettymuchanythank-youmakesthegiftgiverfeelspecial—justas,wehope,therecipientfeels.It'sagesturethatperfectlycapturesthespiritoftheholidays.

1.Theauthorfeltunmotivatedwhenbuyingagiftforthelittleboybecausehe（）.

2.AccordingtoMs.Demeanor,showingappreciationhasthebenefitof（）.

3.Inathank-younote,“ThebookwillbemygoodcompanionwhenIamalone.”servesas（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“whilethetinselishot”(Line2,Para.6)?

问题1选项

A.purposelyintendednottoshowgratitudeforherkindnessandconsideration

B.hadneverexpressedappreciationofthegiftshereceivedinpreviousyears

C.hadnoideahowthoughtfulshewasinchoosingagiftforhim

D.didn'tlikeanyofthegiftshehadgivenhim

问题2选项

A.formingthehabitofgoodmanners

B.regainingthelostartofexpressingthanks

C.motivatingthegiftgivertobuymoregifts

D.distinguishingoneselffromothersinworkandlife

问题3选项

A.arecognitionofthetimeandeffortspenttoselectit

B.anannouncementofhowithasenhancedyourlife

C.apredictionofhowyouwilluseyourgift

D.anacknowledgementofthegift

问题4选项

A.Themomentherkidsreceiveagift.

B.Themomentshestartschoosinggiftsforeachkid.

C.Whentheartofsendingthank-younotesisn'tlostyet.

D.Whenherkidsstillrememberwhoboughtthegiftsforthem

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Theauthorfeltunmotivatedwhenbuyingagiftforthelittleboybecausehe______.1.作者在给小男孩买礼物时感到没有动力，因为他______。

A.purposelyintendednottoshowgratitudeforherkindnessandconsiderationA.故意不表示对她的善良和体贴的感激

B.hadneverexpressedappreciationofthegiftshereceivedinpreviousyearsB.从未对前几年收到的礼物表示过感谢

C.hadnoideahowthoughtfulshewasinchoosingagiftforhimC.不知道她在为他挑选礼物时考虑得有多周到

D.didn’tlikeanyofthegiftshehadgivenhimD.不喜欢她送给他的任何礼物

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句“为他买礼物应该很容易，但我发现很难唤起任何热情，因为在我送他礼物的这些年里，他从来没有给过我一封感谢信（becauseinalltheyearsI’vegivenhimpresents,heneveroncesentmeathank-younote）”，从中可知，作者在给小男孩买礼物时感到没有动力，因为他没有为前面几年的礼物写过感谢信，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“故意不表示对她的善良和体贴的感激”过度解读，曲解原文；

C选项“不知道她在为他挑选礼物时考虑得有多周到”和D选项“不喜欢她送给他的任何礼物”没有提到，无中生有。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.AccordingtoMs.Demeanor,showingappreciationhasthebenefitof______.2.据迪米娜称，表达感激对______有好处。

A.formingthehabitofgoodmannersA.养成良好的习惯

B.regainingthelostartofexpressingthanksB.重拾遗失的表达感谢的艺术

C.motivatingthegiftgivertobuymoregiftsC.激励送礼物的人买更多的礼物

D.distinguishingoneselffromothersinworkandlifeD.在工作和生活中脱颖而出

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第二句“感恩的态度是一种非常重要的生活技能，是一种有效而廉价的方式，可以让我们在职场和成人生活中脱颖而出（setourselvesapartintheworkforceandinouradultlives）”可知，迪米娜认为表示感恩能够让我们在工作和生活中脱颖而出。故该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A选项“养成良好的习惯”、B选项“重拾遗失的表达感谢的艺术”和C选项“激励送礼物的人买更多的礼物”没有提及，无中生有。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Inathank-younote,“ThebookwillbemygoodcompanionwhenIamalone.”servesas______.3.在一封感谢信中，“当我孤独的时候，这本书将是我的好伴侣。”是______。

A.arecognitionofthetimeandeffortspenttoselectitA.对花在选择它上的时间和精力的认可

B.anannouncementofhowithasenhancedyourlifeB.如何提升了你的生活的宣告

C.apredictionofhowyouwilluseyourgiftC.你将如何使用你的礼物的预测

D.anacknowledgementofthegiftD.对礼物的致谢

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第五段的内容可知，感谢信应该包含的三个部分是：对礼物的认可，对选择礼物所花费的时间和精力的认可，以及预测你将如何使用礼物或者它如何提高你的生活。所以从“当我孤独的时候，这本书将是我的好伴侣。”可以看出，这句话是强调礼物的用途，即原文所说的“将如何使用你的礼物”。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“对花在选择它上的时间和精力的认可”并不是这句话的作用，张冠李戴；

B选项“如何提升了你的生活的宣告”文中没有提到，无中生有；

D选项“对礼物的致谢”范围太广，不详细，张冠李戴。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“whilethetinselishot”(Para.6)?4.作者第6段所说的“whilethetinselishot”是什么意思？

A.Themomentherkidsreceiveagift.A.她的孩子收到礼物的那一刻。

B.Themomentshestartschoosinggiftsforeachkid.B.当她开始为每个孩子挑选礼物的时候。

C.Whentheartofsendingthank-younotesisn’tlostyet.C.当发送感谢信的艺术还没有消失的时候。

D.Whenherkidsstillrememberwhoboughtthegiftsforthem.D.当她的孩子还记得是谁给他们买的礼物时。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第六段第一句“所以，五年前，在我为数不多的一次作为父母的领悟中，我决定，教导这一基本礼貌的最合适时机是whilethetinselishot”，结合下一句“我宣布，从今以后，每收到一件礼物，都将成为立即当场写感谢信的机会”，综合理解可知，whilethetinselishot指的是“在收到礼物的那一刻就写感谢信”，A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B选项“当她开始为每个孩子挑选礼物的时候”、C选项“当发送感谢信的艺术还没有消失的时候”和D选项“当她的孩子还记得是谁给他们买的礼物时”理解错误，属于曲解原文。

6.翻译题

1.科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然,在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人,他们具有特殊的能力进行思考与分析,具有无限的耐心进行观察与收集数据。

2.当时我们所面临的最关键的问题是熟练劳动力的缺乏,用以培训这种劳动力的大学师资不足,以及我们的大学中由于用于教育和科研的师资和现代化设备短缺造成的研究能力衰退。

3.科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问,来不得半点虚假,需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时,科学也需要创造,需要幻想,有幻想才能打破传统的束缚,才能发展科学。

4.如果你着手干一番事业而失败了,不要丧失信心。“我失败了三次”与“我是一个失败者”之间有着天壤之别。只要你对自己不持否定的想法,不把自己与失败等同起来,而是试图从失败中吸取教训,你很可能在未来取得成功。

【答案】1.Scientistsareagroupofpeoplewhopossessspecialabilitiestothinkandanalyzethingsandhaveendlesspatienceinobservinganddatacollecting.Theyalltrytodiscernthenatureandfindoutregulationsthroughthedisorderlyappearance.

2.Themostvitalproblemswefacedwithatthattimeweretheshortageoflaborers,thelackofuniversityteachersinthetrainingofthoselaborers,andthedeclineintheresearchingcapabilitycausedbythelackofuniversityteachersandmodernequipmentusedforeducationandtechnologyresearch.

3.Sciencealwaysfocusesonrealities.Itneedstheconscientiousrequirementforknowledgeandpermitsofnofalse.Meanwhile,itinvolvespeople’screationandimagination.Andimaginationcanbreakthelimitationoftraditionsanddevelopthescienceconstantly.

4.Don’tbedisappointedifyoufailinthecareeryouhavedone.Theword“Ihaveexperiencedfailureforthreetimes”isabsolutelydifferentfromtheword“Iamaloser”.Aslongasyoudon’tdenyyourself,donotidentifyyourselfwiththefailure,andtrytolearnsomethingfromyourfailure,youwillbelikelytosucceedinthefuture.

7.单选题

Youmusthavewaitedhereforalongtime,（）you?

问题1选项

A.mustn't

B.didn't

C.haven’t

D.hadn't

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你一定在这里等了很长时间了，对吗？

语法题。考查反义疑问句。句中的反意疑问句是对havewaited进行反问，因陈述句部分中有foralongtime,即完成时态，故反意疑问句部分要用“haven’t/hasn’t+主语”。

8.单选题

Heneverfeltthatbeingdisabled（）himofallmoralresponsibilitytohimselfandhiscommunity.

问题1选项

A.released

B.relieved

C.removed

D.relied

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。release“释放；允许发表”；relieve“解除；减轻；使放心”；remove“移动；开除”；rely“依靠，信赖”。句意：他从不认为，变得残疾……他所有对自己和社区的道德责任。可知“减轻”更合适，因此B选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Hipreplacementsurgeryis（）jointreplacementsurgeryintheU.S.

问题1选项

A.thesinglemostfrequent

B.themostsinglefrequent

C.thesinglefrequent

D.asinglefrequent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词排序。按照形容词最高级用法，themost排在最前面，single表示种类，frequent表示频率，处于常规形容词排序之外，因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Afternewspaperreportsclaimedthecompanywasdumpingtoxicwasteillegally.Itcameunder（）fromtheauthorities.

问题1选项

A.insult

B.solitude

C.nuisance

D.scrutiny

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项insult“侮辱”；B选项solitude“孤独”；C选项nuisance“损害”；D选项scrutiny“详细审查”。句意：在报纸报道这家公司非法倾倒有毒废料之后，它受到了当局的审查。本句表示公司受到审查。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

Ifnothingisdonetoprotecttheenvironment,millionsofspeciesthatarealivetodaywillhavebecome（

）.

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.degenerated

C.suppressed

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项deteriorated“恶化的，变质的”；B选项degenerated“退化的”；C选项suppressed“被镇压的”；D选项extinct“灭绝的”。句意：如果我们不采取行动保护环境的话，今天还存在的数百万种生物将会（）。根据关键词alive，结合句意我们要选与之相对的词，所以答案是D。

12.单选题

Dr.Johnsonwasgrantedanhonoredtitlein____ofhisvaluableworkforthecollege.

问题1选项

A.advancement

B.acquisition

C.announcement

D.acknowledgement

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.advancement促进；推动B.acquisition（知识、技能等的）获得；得到

C.announcement（指行动）宣布；宣告D.acknowledgement（对事实、现实、存在的）承认；感谢；谢礼

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号，以……他为学院所做的宝贵工作。根据逻辑，是由于约翰逊博士为学院做了贡献所以被授予荣誉称号，这个称号是用来感谢他的。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号，以表彰他为学院所做的宝贵工作。

13.翻译题

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday'smediaandtechnologybrawl—iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD—wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it'sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit'sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.(1)Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfotechisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday'sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.(2)SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn'texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It'snosurprise,ofcourse.(3)Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision'sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

(4)Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople~over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumers.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe'dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe'reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

(5)NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.B.White,whoin1938wrote,"Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure."Westilldon'tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese

【答案】（1）当你设法弄清消费信息技术将向何处发展以及这对社会意味着什么时，要记住这个重要的核心事实：人们只是想看更多的电视节目。

（2）就像其他每个消费电子产品公司做的那样，索尼公司在最近的消费类电子产品展会上推出大量产品，这些产品是用来把网络视频放到电视上。在同时举行的麦客世界展会上，苹果公司总栽史蒂夫•乔布斯推出具有同样功能的苹果电视。

（3）从那时到现在，基本而明显的事实是处理器的功能不断提高和带宽的不断增大，而预言家们已经自信地预测了这一天。正如他们自信地预言它的含义：传统的电视节目会被替代。

（4）实际情况却正好相反。尽管网络时代有其他多种选择，我们美国人如今看的无聊电视却比以往任何时候都多，这就说明了问题。

（5）关于电视，没有人比著名的《纽约人》杂志评论家E.B.怀特的评价更恰当。他在1938年写道：“我们的好坏将取决于电视,这一点我敢肯定。”

14.单选题

Theargumentconcerningtheuse,orthestatus,ortherealityofBlackEnglishisrootedinAmericanhistoryandhasabsolutelynothingtodowiththequestionwhichtheargumentsupposesitselftobeposing.Theargumenthasnothingtodowithlanguageitselfbutwiththeroleoflanguage.Language,incontestably,revealsthespeaker.Language,also,farmoredubiously,ismeanttodefinetheother—and,inthiscase,theotherisrefusingtobedefinedbyalanguagethathasneverbeenabletorecognizehim.

Peopleevolvealanguageinordertodescribeandthuscontroltheircircumstances,orinordernottobesubmergedbyarealitythattheycannotarticulate.(And,iftheycannotarticulateit,theyaresubmerged.)AFrenchmanlivinginParisspeaksasubtlyandcruciallydifferentlanguagefromthatofthemanlivinginMarseilles;neithersoundsverymuchlikeamanlivinginQuebec;andtheywouldallhavegreatdifficultyinapprehendingwhatthemanfromGuadeloupe,orMartinique,issaying,tosaynothingofthemanfromSenegal—althoughthe“common”languageofalltheseareasisFrench.Buteachhaspaid,andispaying,adifferentpriceforthis“common”language,inwhich,asitturnsout,theyarenotsaying,andcannotbesaying,thesamethings.Theyeachhaveverydifferentrealitiestoar