考研考博-英语-哈尔滨信息工程学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨信息工程学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Inordertostrengthenhisarguments,Toffler（

）respectablesocialscientistswhoagreewithhim.

问题1选项

A.recites

B.confirms

C.quotes

D.convinces

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。recite意为“背诵，朗诵，列举”；confirm意为“确认，批准，证实”；quote意为“引述，引用”；convince意为“使相信，说服，使承认”。

句意：为了加强他的论点，托夫勒引用了同意他观点的受人尊敬的社会科学家的话。

2.单选题

6.

问题1选项

A.Sunday

B.Tuesday

C.Thursday

D.Saturday

【答案】C

【解析】M:I’musuallyonthejobMonday,TuesdayandFridayfrom1to5P.M.andWednesdayfrom3to6P.M.

W:Doyouworkonweekendstoo?

M:Yes,butonlyinthemorning.

Q:Whatdayisthemanoffduty?

【解析】对话中，男士的工作时间为周一、周二、周五下午1点到5点，周三下午3点到6点，周六、日清晨。因此只有周四他不用上班。

3.单选题

Ifaschoolpostsastudent’snameandtestscorewithoutobtainingstudent（orparental）（）,itcanviolateFERPA,afederallawthatprotectstheprivacyofstudenteducationrecords.

问题1选项

A.condemnation

B.confirmation

C.consent

D.confine

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项condemnation表示“谴责，定罪，征用”，B选项confirmation表示“确认，事实，证明，批准”，C选项consent表示“准许，赞同，正式批准文件”，D选项confine表示“边界，范围，限制”。由句意可知，如果学校在未取得学生（或家长）（）情况下公布学生的姓名和考试成绩，它就违反了联邦法律。由此可知，C选项词义最符合原句句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。

4.单选题

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermaybeobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthestoryofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

问题1选项

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteafoodbiography

D.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

问题2选项

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

问题3选项

A.thebestbiographiesaretheonesofheroesandfamousfigures

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

D.biographiescanservedifferentpurpose

问题4选项

A.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

D.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

问题5选项

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

C.isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity

D.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章首先讲述传记作家碰到的各种问题，包括传记作家写作时在两种立场之间摇摆不定。接着详细阐述了传记作家写作创作的难点。最后提到了传记作家“授权问题”。所以由此可知，选项A“传记作者很难找到合适的角度来进行写作”最符合题意。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段第一句“Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.对于传记写作这一工作来说，没有理想的角度。”和第三句“Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses每一种角度都有其优势和劣势。”可知每位传记作家都面对写作角度中的优势和劣势，所以没有人能够写出完美无缺的传记。故正确答案选C。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“biographiesofJesus”定位到文章第三段最后一句“ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.”，第三段主要是讲传记作者会根据描述对象做出有目的选择，然后进行写作。所以，对于英雄和人物的传记和神的传记写作的目的是不同的，属于有目的的类型写作。故正确答案选D。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。关键词定位到文章第四段第四句“…the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.这种未经授权的描述通常暗示了当事人原本希望压制流言蜚语的前景。”可知，选项B“它包含了关于描述对象私人生活的有趣信息”更符合题干意思，为正确答案。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.传记作者必须站在被描述对象同一个世界的同一位置上，必要时需要调整位置来进行描述。”和文章最后一段“Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis‘authorized’bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.在推进这一主张时，他们得到帮助，如果传记被主题‘授权’，这可能允许传记作者的私人信息的特殊访问。”由此可知，理想的传记作家一方面要充分了解被描写的对象，另外一方面也要和他保持一定的距离。故正确答案选A。

5.单选题

Inspiteofthe______economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

问题1选项

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的”；B选项miserable“悲惨的；痛苦的；卑鄙的”；C选项shadowy“幽暗的，朦胧的；鲜为人知的，神秘莫测的”；D选项“昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。gloomy的程度较miserable轻，大概是那种看上去挺消沉的感觉；miserable则是很明显能看出伤心难受的感觉；shadowy表示黑漆漆的看不清（比如晚上在外面走着看到远处一个模糊不清的影子这类），是感官上的形容词；obscure则是用来表达某些概念事物鲜为人知，或者难以理解这种抽象的形容词。句意：尽管经济发展前景不容乐观，但制造业的产量却稍有增加。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoon（季风）fromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,

continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciations（冰蚀）hadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandflora（动植物）multiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys;withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan’’tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcoldandpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous（一妻多夫制）societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplandswhichpermittedno

experimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvivalformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved（insofarasithasbeen）bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe"unusualtraitsorsituations"referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety.

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages.

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora.

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas.

问题3选项

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies.

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

问题4选项

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

问题5选项

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates.

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent.

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent.

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。A项(动植物生长模式),B项(高原藏族的食物和食物准备模式),C项(典型藏族社会的社会家庭组织)都是文中提到的不寻常的特征或情况。

2.主旨大意题。文章主要是分析了一妻多夫制的社会体制及其形成的生态原因。

3.推断题。文章中作者引用了Montesquieu,Armand等人的观点,由此推测作者对西藏的知识应该是从书本中获得。

4.细节题。由第一段得知Montesquieu认为如果同一地区的土壤和气候相同，那么其文化也应该相同。故选C。

5.细节题。第三段指出:Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies(因此，在冰河期结束后，只有少数现存于原始大陆物种生命),故选A。

7.单选题

What,besideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrosstheseasoftime?It’schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfoodexpertsays.

FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspasstheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolleditsvirtues.

Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.Chickensgotanotherboost（吹捧）inthebookofGenesis,whereitiswrittenthatbirdsandfishwerecreatedonthefifthday,adaybeforefour-leggedanimals.ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.

Hernewbook,“TheWholeWorldLovesChickenSoup”，looksatthebelovedandmysteriousbrew,withdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.“Throughouttheages,"shesaid,“therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoodsareeasiertoeatfortheweak-womenandtheill.Inaddition,“soup,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoon”areconsidered“comfortfoods.”Sheratonsaid.

“IlovesoupandlovemakingsoupandasIwascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish...Ithasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurative,astrengthbuilder.”SheratonsaidfromherNewYorkhome.

Herbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitwasbrandnew.TheNationalBroilerCouncil,thetradegrouprepresentingthechickenindustry,reportedthat51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

2.Sinceancienttimes,thevalueofchickensoup（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

4.Chickensouphascurativepowersmainlyfor（）accordingtoSheraton.

5.Itcanbesaidfromthesurveythatchickenis（）.

问题1选项

A.ProminentAmericanFoods

B.HistoryofthechickenSoup

C.ChickenSoupRecipes

D.ChickenSoup,aUniversalCure-all

问题2选项

A.hasbeenover-estimated

B.hasbeenwidelyacknowledged

C.hasbeenappreciatedonlybyphilosophers

D.hasbeenknownonlytomothers

问题3选项

A.Chickensouphasaverylonghistory.

B.Sinceancienttimes,chickensouphasbeenahomeremedy.

C.Poultryusuallystandshigherthanfour-leggedanimals.

D.Four-leggedanimalsweresaidtobecreatedonthesixthday.

问题4选项

A.itscolor

B.itstaste

C.itsflavor

D.itsrecipe

问题5选项

A.amaindish

B.apopularfood

C.cheaperthananyotherfood

D.Alloftheabove

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。全文从不同角度，从古至今，讲述了鸡汤的好处。故D项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第二段FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspasstheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolleditsvirtues.从俄罗斯的村庄到非洲和亚洲，鸡汤一直是那些身体和精神虚弱的人的良药。母亲们把她们的知识传给了古希腊、中国和罗马的古代作家，甚至12世纪的哲学家和医生摩西•梅因米德斯(MosesMainmides)也赞美这种美德。由此可知从古代开始鸡汤的价值就为人所知。故B项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.在古代，亚里士多德认为家禽应该比四条腿的动物站得更高，因为空气的密度比地球小。可知这只是亚里士多德的猜测，不是事实。故C项表述错误。

4.细节事实题。由第三段“ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.但在过去3年的大部分时间里，MimiSheraton一直在探索鸡汤的世界。他表示，鸡肉之所以具有真正的或想象中的疗效，在很大程度上是因为它的颜色。可知Sheraton认为鸡汤具有如此强大的疗效在于它的颜色。故A项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.51%的受访者说他们买鸡肉是因为鸡肉更健康，50%的人说鸡肉有多种用途，41%的人说鸡肉很经济，46%的人说鸡肉脂肪含量低。”可知很多人购买鸡肉，并且购买的原因也多样化，恰好说明了鸡肉成为一种受欢迎的食物。故B项正确。

8.单选题

TheDepartmentofTransportationandCommunications（DOTC.will（）thepurchaseof48newLightRailVehicles（LRV）fortheMetroRailTransit（MRT）.

问题1选项

A.proceedwith

B.proceedfrom

C.prevailover

D.presideover

【答案】A

【解析】A选项proceedwith表示“继续进行”；B选项proceedfrom表示“从……出发”；C选项prevailover表示“胜过，占优势”；D选项presideover表示“主持，负责”。由原句句意可知，交通运输部（DOTC.将为地铁（MRT）（）_采购48辆新的轻轨车辆（LRV）。所以，只有A选项最符合原文句意。故本题正确答案为A选项。

9.单选题

The______ofmaterialismhasdominatedthethinkingofyoungpeopleandledthemtopursueasmuchpersonalgainsaspossible.

问题1选项

A.lure

B.tempt

C.seduce

D.induce

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.lure吸引力；诱惑力n.B.tempt引诱；诱惑v.

C.seduce诱奸v.D.induce劝说；诱使v.

【考查点】名词和动词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，The______ofmaterialism是句子的主语，主语应该为名词、代词或名词性短语，所以空格处要填入一个名词，故只有A项符合条件。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都是动词，不符合句子语法结构。

【句意】物质主义的诱惑主导了年轻人的思想，使他们尽可能地追求个人利益。

10.单选题

Somereadersmayfindit（）thatabookarguingforgreaterliteracyandintellectualdisciplineshouldleadtoacallforlessratherthanmoreeducation.

问题1选项

A.paradoxical

B.controversial

C.appealing

D.ambiguous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项paradoxical“自相矛盾的，荒谬的”；B选项controversial“有争议的”；C选项appealing“吸引人的”；D选项ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：

一本提倡更多的精通文学和知识学科的书应该导致需要更少的而不是更多的教育，一些读者可能会觉得这是自相矛盾的。选项A符合语境。

11.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.Acustomsofficer.

B.Theman'smother.

C.Aschoolheadmaster.

D.Animmigrationofficer.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Weunderstandthatyouarenotattendingschool.

M:I’vebeenattending,but,I’vebeensickrecently.

W:You’veattendedonlythreedayssincelastJuly.

M:Threedays?No.It’sbeenmorethanthat.

W:Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa.

Q:Whatisthewoman?

【解析】推断题。女士说：Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa(我们得收回你的签证)，说明女士是一名移民官。

12.单选题

W:Wouldyoumindsendingchampagneandstrawberriestomyroomat1a.m.please?

M:I’lltry,ma’am.ButonWednesdaythekitchenstaffleaveatmidnight.

Q:Whatisthewomandoing?

问题1选项

A.Askingforhelp.

B.Makingarequest.

C.Makingasuggestion.

D.Orderingfood.

【答案】D

【解析】对话中，女士需要男士在凌晨1点将香槟和草莓送到她的房间，而男士表示厨房工作人员在周三的午夜时分都下班了。确定D选项‘订购食物’正确。

13.单选题

TheSpaceAge（

）inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。initiate“开始，发起，创始”;；originate“发源，来自”；embark“开始”；commence“开始”。句意：太空时代开始于1957年10月，第一颗人造卫星是由苏联发射升空的。选项D符合题意。

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Notlongagosocialmediaheldoutthepromiseofamoreenlightenedpolitics,asaccurateinformationandeffortlesscommunicationhelpedgoodpeopledriveoutcorruption,bigotry(偏执)andlies.YetFacebookacknowledgedthatbeforeandafter2016Americanpresidentialelection,146millionusersmayhaveseenRussianmisinformationonitsplatform.Farfrombringingenlightenment,socialmediahavebeenspreadingpoison.And,becauseofhowtheywork,theywieldextraordinaryinfluence.Theymaketheirmoneybyputtingphotos,personalposts,newsstoriesandadsinfrontofyou.Theycollectdataaboutyouinordertohavealgorithms(计算程序)todeterminewhatwillcatchyoureye,inan“attentioneconomy”thatkeepsusersscrolling,clickingandsharingagainandagainandagain.EveryonewhohasscrolledthroughFacebookknowsthat,insteadofimpartingwisdom,thesystemdishesoutcompulsivestuffthattendstoreinforcepeople’sbiases.

【答案】不久前，随着精准的信息和毫不费力的交流帮助好人挖出了腐败、赶走了偏执，击败了谎言，社会媒体展示了一个更加开明的政治的前景。然而，Facebook承认，在2016年美国总统大选前后，1.46亿用户可能在其平台上看到了俄罗斯的虚假信息。社交媒体非但没有带来启迪，反而在传播毒药。而且，由于他们的工作方式，他们具有非凡的影响力。他们通过在你面前放照片、个人帖子、新闻故事和广告来赚钱。他们收集关于你的数据，以便在一个让用户不断滚动、点击和分享的“注意力经济”中，有算法来决定什么会吸引你的眼球。每个浏览过Facebook的人都知道，这个系统并没有传授智慧，而是发布一些强迫性的东西，这些东西往往会强化人们的偏见。

15.单选题

ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,（

）.

问题1选项

A.notthelowtemperatures

B.notlownessoftemperatures

C.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresent

D.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。这是个强调句，题目强调的是highhumidity，并且需填入的部分与thehighhumidity是并列成分，根据句意‘使伦敦的冬季如此之冷的是高湿度而不是低气温’确定A选项正确。

16.单选题

ManyliterarydetectiveshaveporedoveragreatpuzzleconcerningthewriterMarcelProust:whathappenedin1909?HowdidContreSaint-Beuve,anessayattackingthemethodsofthecriticSaintBeuve,turnintothestartofthenovelRemembranceofThingsPast"!ArecentlypublishedletterfromProusttotheeditorValletteconfirmsthatFallois,theeditorofthe1954editionofContreSaint-Beuve,madeanessentiallycorrectguessabouttherelationshipoftheessaytothenovel.FalloisproposedthatProusthadtriedtobeginanovelin1908,abandoneditforwhatwastobealongdemonstrationofSaint-Beuve'sblindnesstotherealnatureofgreatwriting,foundtheessaygivingrisetopersonalmemoriesandfictionaldevelopments,andallowedthesetotakeoverinasteadilydevelopingnovel.

DraftpassagesinProust's1909notebooksindicatethatthetransitionfromessaytonovelbeganinContreSaint-Beuve,whenProustintroducedseveralexamplestoshowthepowerfulinfluencethatinvoluntarymemoryexertsoverthecreativeimagination.Ineffect,intryingtodemonstratethattheimaginationismoreprofoundandlesssubmissivetotheintellectthanSaint-Beuveassumed,Proustelicitedvitalmemoriesofhisownand,findingsubtleconnectionsbetweenthem,begantoamassthematerialforRemembrance.ByAugust,ProustwaswritingtoVallette,informinghimofhisintentiontodevelopthematerialasanovel.MauriceBardeche,inMarcelProust,Romancier,hasshowntheimportanceinthedraftsofRemembranceofspontaneousandapparentlyrandomassociationsofProust'ssubconscious.AsincidentsandreflectionsoccurredtoProust,hecontinuallyinsertednewpassagesalteringandexpandinghisnarrative.Buthefounditdifficulttocontrolthedriftofhisinspiration.Theveryrichnessandcomplexityofthemeaningfulrelationshipsthatkeptpresentingandrearrangingthemselvesonalllevels,fromabstractintelligencetoprofounddreamyfeelings,madeitdifficultforProusttosetthemoutcoherently.Thebeginningofcontrolcamewhenhesawhowtoconnectthebeginningandtheendofhisnovel.

IntriguedbyProust'sclaimthathehad"begunandfinished"Remembranceatthesametime,HenriBonnetdiscoveredthatpartsofRemembrance'slastbookwereactuallystartedin1909.Alreadyinthatyear,Prousthaddrafteddescriptionsofhisnovel'scharactersintheiroldagethatwouldappearinthefinalbookofRemembrance,wherethepermanenceofartissetagainsttheravagesoftime.ThelettertoVallette,draftsoftheessayandnovel,andBonnet'sresearchesestablishinbroadoutlinetheprocessbywhichProustgeneratedhisnoveloutoftheruinsofhisessay.Butthoseofuswhohoped,withKolb,thatKolb'snewlypublishedcompleteeditionofProust'scorrespondencefor1909woulddocumenttheprocessingreaterdetailaredisappointed.ForuntilProustwasconfidentthathewasatlastinsightofaviablestructureforRemembrance,hetoldfewcorrespondentsthathewasproducinganythingmoreambitiousthanContreSaint-Beuve.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatallofthefollowingareliterarydetectiveswhohavetried,bymeansofeitherscholarshiporcriticism,tohelpsolvethe"greatpuzzle"mentionedinLine1EXCEPT（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,indraftsofContreSaint-BeuveProustsetouttoshowthatSaint-Beuvemadewhichofthefollowingmistakesasacritic?

I.Saint-Beuvemadenoefforttostudythedevelopmentofanovelthroughitsdraftsandrevisions.

II.Saint-Beuveassignedtoogreataroleinthecreativeprocesstoawriter'sconsciousintellect.

III.Saint-Beuveconcentratedtoomuchonplotsandnotenoughonimageryandotherelementsofstyle.

4.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'sattitudetowardtheinformationthatscholarshavegatheredaboutProust'swritingin1909?

5.TheauthorofthepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwouldbetheLEASTusefulsourceofinformationaboutProust'stransitionfromworkingonContreSaint-BeuvetohavingaviablestructureforRemembranceofThingsPast?

问题1选项

A.theroleofinvoluntarymemoryinProust'swriting

B.evidenceconcerningthegenesisofProust'snovelRemembranceofThingsPast

C.conflictingscholarlyopinionsaboutthevalueofstudyingthedraftsofRemembranceofThingsPast

D.Proust'scorrespondenceandwhatitrevealsaboutRemembranceofThingsPast

问题2选项

A.Bardeche

B.Bonnet

C.Fallois

D.Vallette

问题3选项

A.IIonly

B.IIIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.I,II,andIII

问题4选项

A.TheauthorisdisappointedthatnonewdocumentshavecometolightsinceFallois'sspeculations.

B.Theauthorisdissatisfiedbecausetherearetoomanygapsandinconsistenciesinthedrafts.

C.TheauthorisconfidentthatFallois's1954guesshasbeenprovedlargelycorrect,butregretsthatstillmoredetaileddocumentationconcerningProust'stransitionfromtheessaytothenovelhasnotemerged.

D.TheauthorissatisfiedthatFallois'sjudgmentwaslargelycorrect,butfeelsthatProust'searlyworkindesigningandwritingthenovelwasprobablyfarmoredeliberatethanFallois'sdescriptionoftheprocesswouldsuggest.

问题5选项

A.Fallois'scommentsinthe1954editionofContreSaint-Beuve.

B.Proust's1909notebooks,includingthedraftsofRemembranceofThingsPast.

C.Proust's1909correspondence,excludingthelettertoVallette.

D.Bardeche'sMarcelProust,Romancier.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨思想题。文章首段提及许多文学考据家思考着一个涉及马塞尔·普鲁斯特（MarcelProust）的不解之谜：1909年究竟发生了什么？《驳圣伯夫》一文——一篇抨击批评家圣伯夫批评方法的论文——是如何转变成为小说《追忆似水年华》的开端的？之后段落试图找到《驳圣伯夫》这篇论文是如何转化为小说《追忆似水年华》的答案，由此可知，文章主要在论述小说《追忆似水年华》产生的证据。故答案为B。

第2题:事实细节题。文中首段提及Fallois就论文与小说之间的关系做了一种本质上正确的猜测。第二段提及MauriceBardeche在《马塞尔·普鲁斯特——小说家》中,证明了在《追忆似水年华》草稿中普鲁斯特的潜意识里那些自发的不规则的联结的重要性。第三段提及HenriBonnet（亨利·博内）揭示，小说最后一卷的某些章节确实始于1909年。而选项D中提及的Vallette，只是普鲁斯特致编辑瓦莱特（Vallette）的信函，并没有对小说做考究。故答案为D。

第3题:信息推断题。第一个说法明显错误，文中没有提及要通过手稿研究小说发展；第三个提到的plots，在文中也没有提及。文章首段"Saint-Beuve'sblindnesstotherealnatureofgreatwriting"提及圣伯夫长期以来对伟大文学作品的真正本质盲目无知。与文中提及的"过度强调创意的过程而忽略了作家的有意识的智慧"意义相符。故答案为A。

第4题:信息推断题。根据最后一段