考研考博-英语-吉林警察学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林警察学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Aboutoneandahalfmillionyearsagotheclimateoftheworldbecamemuchcolder.ThisledtothecapsoficearoundtheNorthandSouth[A]Polesspreadingtocover[B]muchNorthAmericaandNorthernEurope.Suchperiodsofcoldclimatearecallediceages.Thewoollymammothlivedinnorthernpartsoftheworld[C]between300,000and100,000yearsago.ItwasafavouritepreyofStoneAgehunters,[D]whouseditscoatforclothes,andthemeatasfood.

问题1选项

A.Poles

B.much

C.between

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词用法。B选项much不能直接修饰地名，应改为muchof。

2.单选题

Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,___theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.

问题1选项

A.be

B.being

C.were

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查be型虚拟语气和倒装。句意：我们用Church这个词来指代所有的宗教机构，___基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教还是犹太教等等。本句表达“不论他们是……”，可知此处省略了让步状语从句引导词whether。而在whether/whether…or…引导的让步状语从句中，可以包含be型虚拟语气的形式，即所有动词都用原型（包括be在内），没有人称数以及时态的变化。省略whether/whether…or…，从句变为倒装形式：只需要将谓语中的助动词或情态动词或be动词置于主语之前。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects______inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore2000.

问题1选项

A.havebeenconducting

B.wasconducted

C.hadbeenconducted

D.beingconducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查语态和时态。本题主要考查过去完成时的被动语态。Experiments“实验”只能被人做，所以只能用被动语态，再根据时间线“before2000”可知动作完成在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。句意：早在2000年之前，美国和欧洲就已经开展了运动物体摄影的实验。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquitelucidthismorning.

问题1选项

A.rational

B.peaceful

C.patient

D.insane

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:她昨晚昏迷不醒，但今天早晨她起来很清醒。

rational:理智的。peaceful:和平的，平静的。patient:耐心的,耐烦的。insane:患精神病的，极度愚蠢的。lucid:头脑清楚的，理智的。故选A。

5.翻译题

ManyadvocatesofauniversalhealthcaresystemintheUnitedStateslooktoCanadafortheirmodel.WhiletheCanadianhealthcaresystemhasmuchtorecommendit,there'sanothermodelthathasbeentoolongneglected.ThatisthehealthcaresysteminFrance.

(1)AlthoughtheFrenchsystemfacesmanychallenges,theWorldHealthOrganizationrateditthebestintheworldin2001becauseofitsuniversalcoverage,responsivehealthcareproviders,patientandproviderfreedoms,andthehealthandlongevityofthecountry'spopulation.TheUnitedStatesranked37.

TheFrenchsystemisalsonotinexpensive.At$3,500percapitaitisoneofthemostcostlyinEurope,yetthatisstillfarlessthanthe$6,100perpersonintheUnitedStates.

(2)TheFrenchshareAmericans'distasteforrestrictionsonpatientchoiceandtheyinsistonautonomousprivatepractitionersratherthanaBritish-stylenationalhealthservice,whichtheFrenchdismissas"socializedmedicine".VirtuallyallphysiciansinFranceparticipateinthenation'spublichealthinsurance,SecuriteSociale.

Theirfreedomsofdiagnosisandtherapyareprotectedinwaysthatwouldmaketheirmanaged-care-controlledUScounterpartsenvious.However,theaverageAmericanphysicianearnsmorethanfivetimestheaverageUSwagewhiletheaverageFrenchphysicianmakesonlyabouttwotimestheaverageearningsofhisorhercompatriots.(3)ButthelowerincomeofFrenchphysiciansisallayedbytwofactors,Practiceliabilityisgreatlydiminishedbyatort-averselegalsystem,andmedicalschools,althoughextremelycompetitivetoenter,aretuition-free.Thus,Frenchphysiciansentertheircareers,withanydebtandpaymuchlowermalpracticeinsurancepremiums.

NordoFrance'sdoctorsfacethehighnonmedicalpersonnelpayrollexpensesthatburdenAmericanphysicians.SecuriteSocialehascreatedastandardizedandspeedysystemforphysicianbillingandpatientreimbursementusingelectronicfunds.

(4)It'snotuncommontovisitaFrenchmedicalofficeandseenononmedicalpersonnel.Whataconcept.Nobackofficearmyofbillingspecialistswhododailybattlewithinsurers'arcaneandconstantlychangingrulesofpayment.

NationalhealthinsuranceinFrancestandsupontwograndhistoricalbargains—thefirstwithdoctorsandasecondwithinsurers.

DoctorsonlyagreedtoparticipateincompulsoryhealthinsuranceiftheJawprotectedapatient'schoiceofpractitionerandguaranteedphysicians'resistancebypermittingthenation'salreadyexistinginsurerstoadministeritsnewhealthcarefunds.PrivatehealthinsurersarealsocentraltothesystemassupplementalinsurerswhocoverpatientexpensesthatarenotpaidforbySecuriteSociale.

Infact,inFrance,thesickeryouare,themorecoverage,care,andtreatmentyouget.Likeallhealthcaresystems,theFrenchconfrontongoingproblems.(5)TodayFrenchreformers'numberonepriorityistomovehealthinsurancefinancingawayfrompayrollandwageleviesbecausetheyhamperemployers'willingnesstohire.Instead,Franceisturningtowardbroadtaxesonearnedandunearnedincomealiketopayforhealthcare.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】（1）尽管法国的医疗保健制度面临着很多的挑战，但2001年世界卫生组织仍将它排在第一位，原因是法国的医疗保健制度的覆盖面最广，拥有积极响应的医疗保健提供者,医患的自由性和国民健康、长寿。

（2）法国人和美国人一样也不愿意在患者选择上设限，并且他们坚决主张自主的私营执业者，而不是一种英国式的国民保健制度。法国人将这种国民保健制度视为“公费医疗制度”，不予采纳。

（3）但是两方面的因素弥补了法国医生的收入低的情形。反侵权法律制度大大减小了实践责任。另外,尽管进入医学院的竞争极其激烈，但其学费是免费的。因此，法国医生就业时很少欠债，所付的医疗事故保险费非常少。

（4）参观法国医用办公室看不到非医学的职员是很平常的事情。也就是说在后端办公的人员中，没有大批的医疗账单专家每天与保险公司不断改变的付款规则作战。

（5）)如今法国改革者优先考虑的事是不再从工资和工资税上为健康保险筹措资金，因为他们制约了雇用者雇用员工的意愿。相反，法国的税收主要是来自工薪收入和非工薪收入，并用这些税收来支付健康保险。

6.单选题

Andthetopic“fat”isforbidden.Eventheslightestpaunchbetraysthatoneislosingthetrimand（

）ofyouth.

问题1选项

A.vague

B.vigor

C.vogue

D.vulgar

【答案】B

【解析】考查形似词辨析。vague“模糊的；含糊的”，形容词；vigor“活力；精力”，名词；vogue“时尚；流行”，名词；vulgar“粗俗的；通俗的”，形容词。句意：“肥胖”的话题被禁止了。即使是稍微隆起的小肚子都暴露出他正失去青春活力。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

ThefieldofsociologyintheUnitedStatesdevelopedasaresultofasocialexperiencewhichhadverylittletodowiththepoliticalandideologicalcontroversiesthatstimulatedsociologyinFranceandGermany.Rather,thedisciplineevolvedasaresultoftheexperiencesassociatedwiththeproblemsofanimmigrantsocietycaughtintheturmoilofrapidindustrializationandurbangrowth.Indeed,itmustbeemphasizedthatfromitsbeginning,sociologyhashadaverypracticalinterest,whichwascharacterizedlessbypoliticaldivisivenessthanbysocialreformandsocialwork.Thispracticalemphasisinthedisciplinehascontinuedtopersisttothepresent.IthasonlybeensinceWorldWarⅡ，however,thattherehasexistedsomethinginAmericanhighereducationthatcouldbeproperlytermeda“sociologicalestablishment”orahighlyrespectedacademicfieldofstudy.Itsmajorstrengthasanacademicdisciplineresultedfromitsempiricalandsophisticatedapproachtotheidentificationandsolutionofpracticalbuthighlysignificantsocialproblems.

Today，whatdoestheacademicsociologistdo?Professionalsociologistsareindividualswhostudyandteachaboutsocieties，socialinstitutions，andthepatternsofhumaninteractionandhumanbehavior.Asascientificdiscipline，sociologymaybedividedintothreebroad,analyticalfields:thestudyofgroups;institutionsanalysis;andthestudyofthesocialstructureingeneral.Thus,thecontentoftherapidlyexpandingdisciplineofsociologyisbaseduponcultureandsociety，withemphasisplaceduponthestudyofthevarioustypesofinteractionandrelationshipswhichexistamongindividualsandhumangroups.Inthestudyofsuchareasassocialorganizationanddisorganization,sociologistsattemptedtoexplaintheevolutionandchangeofsocialinstitutionsandthechangingnatureofhumanattitudinalandvaluesystems.Amongtheselectedtopicsofinvestigationincludedwithinthestudyofsociologyarethechangingnatureoffamilylife，institutionallife,sexualattitudes,crimeandviolence，religiousvalues,andtheentiregamutofinterpersonalrelationshipsinpoliticsandgovernment.Indeed，manyoftheareaswhichprofessionalsociologistsstudyare,bytheirverynature,relativelyfamiliartomanyofuseventhoughtheyarenotclearlyunderstood.Thebasichypothesesofthediscipline—thatsociallife(bothgroupandindividualbehavior)ispatterned；thatvalueandattitudesarelearned,reinforced,andshared;thatweasindividualsare,inmanyrespects，whatothersconsiderustobe—areideaswhichmostpeoplenowinstinctivelyacceptinordertoliveandfunctionasmembersofsociety.Thesetopics,whichemphasizeindividualandgroupbehaviorprocesses,then,compriseareasofconcernforsociologyasoneofthebehaviorsciencedisciplines.

DuringtheselastdecadesofthetwentiethcenturyadvancedWesternsocietywillcontinuetobeconfrontedwithcrucialsocialissuesinthecontextofbothindividualandgroupbehaviorpatternsresultingfromcontinuedrapidtechnologicalexpansion.Thesolutiontotheproblemplaguingourcomplexsocietywillbecome，toamuchgreaterextent,theprimaryresponsibilityofsociology,socialpsychology,andculturalanthropology,thethreemajoracademicdisciplinescomprisingthebehavioralsciences.Thistrendisbeingwitnessedcurrentlybytheincreasingnumbersofbehavioralscientiststhatarebeingemployedbygovernment,bybusinessandindustry,byhospitalsandotheragenciesdevotedtoproblemsofhealthcare,bywelfareagencies,bypubliceducationalsystems,andbymanyothertypesoforganizationsinwhichsomesystematicknowledgeofhumanbehaviorisrequired.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsociologywouldtheauthorbemostlikelytodisagreewith?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatsocialpsychologyandculturalanthropology_________.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagreewith?

5.Theword“empirical”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_________.

问题1选项

A.distinguishsociologyintheUnitedStatesfromsociologyinFranceandGermany

B.comparesociologywithsocialpsychologyandculturalanthropology

C.provideageneraldiscussionofmodernWesternsociologyanditssignificance

D.showthatsociologyisthestudyofsocialinstitutions

问题2选项

A.Mostsociologistsareinterestedintheoreticalratherthanpracticalquestions.

B.Thereisadiscernablestructuretoeveryone’sbehavior.

C.Humanbehaviorcanbesystematicallystudied.

D.One’sself-imageisnotencodedgenetically.

问题3选项

A.aresubareasofsociology

B.areothernamesforsociology

C.willachievetheacademicrespectabilityofsociology

D.maybeconsultedforsolutionstosociologyproblems

问题4选项

A.Sociologytheoryisrarelybasedonempiricalevidence.

B.Theproblemsfacingsociologistsdonotchangeastimeschange.

C.Theproblemsofimmigrantsinanewculturestimulatesociologicalresearch.

D.Therearefactorsininterpersonalrelationshipsthatarenotofintereststothesociologist.

问题5选项

A.“relatingtoexperienceandobservation”

B.“relatingtobehaviorandmanner”

C.“concerningacademy”

D.“relyingoneducation”

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨题。根据全文可知，第一段讲到了说美国社会学发展的重要性，第二段讲到了社会学的领域和内容，最后讲到了社会学在解决复杂的社会问题中的重要性。选项C符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Thispracticalemphasisinthedisciplinehascontinuedtopersisttothepresent.”，这门学科强调实践的特点一直延续至今。所以社会学是注重实践的。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“…toamuchgreaterextent,theprimaryresponsibilityofsociology,socialpsychology,andculturalanthropology,thethreemajoracademicdisciplinescomprisingthebehavioralsciences.”，可知在更大程度上，解决我们的复杂社会更多麻烦的问题，将成为社会学、社会心理学和文化人类学的主要责任。可推断出社会心理学和文化人类学是可以用于解决社会问题的。选项D符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第一段，“…thedisciplineevolvedasaresultoftheexperiencesassociatedwiththeproblemsofanimmigrantsocietycaughtintheturmoilofrapidindustrializationandurbangrowth.”，可知，社会学学科的发展是社会经历发展的结果，这种经历伴随着移民社会的诸多问题：快速工业化和城市扩张引起的骚乱。可推断出新文化中的移民问题激发了社会学研究。选项C符合题意。

5.词义题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“Itsmajorstrengthasanacademicdisciplineresultedfromitsempiricalandsophisticatedapproachtotheidentificationandsolutionofpracticalbuthighlysignificantsocialproblems.”，可知作为一个学科，它的主要优势来源于对于识别和解决实际的且相当重要的社会问题的完全依据经验的和老练的方法。所以是用富有经验和老练的方法解决社会问题。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

ButMcConnellMoorehasalwaysdrawngreatstrengthfromsuchcartoonish（

）,whichhecollectsandthendisplaysonhisSenateofficewall.

问题1选项

A.applauses

B.vituperations

C.condemns

D.appraisals

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。applause“欢呼；鼓掌欢迎”；vituperation“谩骂；坏话”；condemn“谴责；声讨”；appraisal“评价；估计”。句意：但McConnellMoore总是从此类的卡通谩骂中汲取巨大的力量，他将其收集后展示在他参议院办公室的墙壁上。由关键词but及cartoonish可知空格处应填贬义词，卡通谴责不能搭配，故B项正确。

9.不定项选择题

Hurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemillionsofdollarsinpropertydamageandtakemanylives.Theycanbeextremelydangerous,andtoooftenpeopleunderestimatetheirfury.

HurricanesnormallyoriginateasasmallareaofthunderstormsovertheAtlanticOceanwestoftheCapeVerdeIslandsduringAugustorSeptember.Forseveraldays,theareaofthestormincreasesandtheairpressurefallsslowly.Acenteroflowpressureforms,andwindsbegintowhirlaroundit.Itisblownwestward,increasinginsizeandstrength.

Hurricanehuntersthenflyouttothestorminordertodetermineitssizeandintensityandtotrackitsdirection.Theydropinstrumentsforrecordingtemperature,airpressure,andhumidity（湿度）,intothestorm.Theyalsolookatthesizeofwavesontheocean,theclouds,andtheeyeofthestorm.Theeyeisaregionofrelativecalmandclearskiesinthecenterofthehurricane.Peopleoftenlosetheirlivesbyleavingshelterwhentheeyehasarrived,onlytobecaughtintremendouswindsagainwhentheeyehaspassed.

Oncetheforecastershavedeterminedthatitislikelythehurricanewillreachshore,theyissueahurricanewatchforalarge,generalareathatmaybeinthepathofthestorm.Later,whentheprobablepointoflandfallisclearer,theywillissueahurricanewarningforasomewhatmorelimitedarea.Peopleintheseareasarewisetostockuponnonperishablefoods,flashlightandradiobatteries,candles,andotheritemstheymayneedifelectricityandwaterarenotavailableafterthestorm.Theyshouldalsotrytohurricane-prooftheirhousesbybringinginlight-weightfurnitureandotheritemsfromoutsideandcoveringwindows.Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarewisetoevacuatetheirhousesbecauseofthestormsurge,whichisalargerushofwaterthatmaycomeashorewiththestorm.Hurricanesgenerallylosepowerslowlywhiletravelingoverland,butmanymoveouttosea,gatherupforceagain,andreturntoland.Astheymovetowardthenorth,theygenerallylosetheiridentityashurricanes.

46.Theeyeofthehurricaneis（）.

47.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

48.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

49.Thelow-lyingareasrefertothoseregionsthat（）.

50.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamethodofprotectingone’shousefromahurricane?

问题1选项

A.thepowerfulcenterofthestorm

B.thepartthatdeterminesitsdirection

C.therelativelycalmcenterofthestorm

D.thecenteroflowpressure

问题2选项

A.Astormsurgeisadramaticincreaseinwindvelocity.

B.Ahurricanewatchismoreseriousthanahurricanewarning.

C.Fallingairpressureisanindicatorthatthestormisincreasinginintensity.

D.Itissafetogooutsideoncetheeyehasarrived.

问题3选项

A.HowtoAvoidHurricanedamage

B.ForecastingHurricanes

C.ThedangerousHurricane

D.AtlanticStorms

问题4选项

A.closetothegroundlevel

B.one-storeyflat

C.flathouses

D.neartothelowestlevelofhurricane

问题5选项

A.takingoutheavythings

B.movinginlight-weightfurniture

C.equippingthehousewithstones

D.coveringwindowsHurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemillionsofdollarsinpropertydamageandtakemanylives.Theycanbeextremelydangerous,andtoooftenpeopleunderestimatetheirfury.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】46.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。从第三段倒数第二句Theeyeisaregionofrelativecalmandclearskiesinthecenterofthehurricane.（飓风眼是飓风中心相对平静和晴朗的天空区域）可知C项“风暴相对平静的中心”正确。A项“强大的风暴中心”与文意相反，排除；B项“决定其方向的部分”文中未提及；D项“低压中心”定位到原文第一段可知低压中心是飓风形成前的表现，故错误。

47.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。从最后一段倒数第三句Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarewisetoevacuatetheirhousesbecauseofthestormsurge,whichisalargerushofwaterthatmaycomeashorewiththestorm.（生活在低洼地区的人们明智地撤离他们的房屋，因为风暴潮是一股巨大的水流，可能会随着风暴上岸。）可知stormsurge是指水而不是风，所以A项“风暴潮是风速的急剧增加。”不正确。根据最后一段开头的描述，飓风可能登陆时先在一个较大的可能范围内进行hurricanewatch,然后在可能着陆点hurricanewarning，可以看出hurricanewarning比hurricanewatch更严重,所以B项“飓风监视比飓风警报更严重。”不正确。根据第二段最后一句Peopleoftenlosetheirlivesbyleavingshelterwhentheeyehasarrived,onlytobecaughtintremendouswindsagainwhentheeyehaspassed.（当风眼来临时，人们如果走出房间会被风眼过去后的大风吹死），所以说在风眼来临时走出房间是不安全的）D项“风眼来临，出去是安全的”也不正确。通过排除法可知只有C项“气压下降表明风暴的强度在增加”正确。

48.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。阅读全文，分别讲了飓风的形成、飓风的预报、面对飓风的防范措施、飓风的消亡，C项“危险的飓风”可以作为标题概括文章内容。A项“如何避免飓风的破坏”；B项“飓风预报”；D项“大西洋风暴”都只涉及到文章的一个方面。

49.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干low-lyingareas是指地势低平的地区，A项“接近地面”；B、C是指一层平房，D项“接近最低级别的飓风”。所以只有A项符合。

50.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。从第三段第六行Theyshouldalsotrytohurricane-prooftheirhousesbybringinginlightweightfurnitureandotheritemsfromoutsideandcoveringwindows.（他们还应尝试从外部带入轻巧的家具和其他物品并遮盖窗户，以防飓风袭击他们的房屋）可知将轻的家具、物品带入房内，盖住窗户是预防飓风的措施，所以B和D正确，其中也暗含了选项A“取出重物”，因为将轻的物品放入房内也就意味着将重的物品带出房间，所以A也符合。C选项文中未提及。

10.单选题

Toahighlyimaginativewriter,（）isapadofpaperandapen.

问题1选项

A.allarerequired

B.allwhichisrequired

C.allisrequired

D.allthatisrequired

【答案】D

【解析】句意：对于一个富有想象力的作家来说,他需要的只是一张纸和一支笔。首先排除选项A和C,句子中不能同时出现两个谓语动词。that在这里引导同位语从句。

11.单选题

Toreducethefinancialpressurefacingthecompany,itsmanagementhasdecidedon（）expenditurecuts.

问题1选项

A.modest

B.sweeping

C.tangible

D.considerate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。modest谦虚的；sweeping大规模的；tangible有形的，切实的；considerate体贴的，大量的。由前半句的financialpressure可知公司会削减开支。故B项符合句意。句意：为了减小公司面临的财务压力,其管理层决定大规模地削减开支。

12.单选题

11.

问题1选项

A.Discussingacase.

B.Defyingadiagnosis.

C.Performingasurgery.

D.Talkingwiththepatient.

【答案】A

【解析】W:What’sthemostlikelydiagnosisinthiscase?

M:Mostprobablytuberculosis.

W:What'sagainstthatdiagnosis?

M:Well,theinfectedhasn’thadanychangeinthehabitorlostweight.

Q:Whataretheydoingnow?

【解析】对话讨论的是某种病例的diagnosis(症状)。

13.单选题

Whenseeninthislight,thelanguagethesereportersuseismorecomplexthanit_____.

问题1选项

A.needs

B.needsto

C.needstobe

D.needstobeso

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.needs需要B.needsto需要

C.needstobe需要D.needstobeso需要这样

【考查点】比较级than的用法。

【解题思路】在than的比较状语从句中，与主句相同部分可以省略，而不同部分需要写出；在这个句子中主句是thelanguageismorecomplex（语言更加复杂），与从句共同的部分是morecomplex，所以从句需要把主谓写出来，即itneedstobe。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、B选项不符合语法；

D选项不需要加副词so。

【句意】从这个角度看，这些记者使用的语言比需要的更加复杂。

14.单选题

Inmostcasespoliticiansare______astheyseldomtellthetruth.

问题1选项

A.credible

B.credulous

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项credible“可靠的，可信的”，B项credulous“轻信的，因轻信而产生的”，C项incredulous“不肯相信的，表示怀疑的”，D项incredible“不可能相信的，很难相信的”。由主语politicians（政客）和关键信息astheyseldomtellthetruth（因为他们很少讲真话）可知，politiciansare______表示的是“政客都是不能相信的”，D项符合。句意：在大多数情况下，政客们都是难以令人相信的，因为他们很少讲真话。因此，该题选择D项。

15.单选题

Hospitalsdefineurgentcareasmedicalcaregiventosomewhatless（

）medicalproblemsthanemergencycare.

问题1选项

A.perplexing

B.complex

C.prudent

D.pressing

【答案】D

【解析】perplexing使人困惑的，令人费解的；complex复杂的，合成的；prudent谨慎的，精明的；pressing紧迫的，迫切的。句意：医院将紧急护理定义为医疗问题比急救护理稍微不那么紧迫的医疗护理。选项D符合语境。

16.单选题

MysurnameisaverycommononeinNorthChina,andIhaveeverbeeninaclassforfortystudentsinwhichsixotherpeoplehadthesamesurname!Afriendofminecommentedthatitwas

“toomuchofagoodthing!”

问题1选项

A.isaverycommonone

B.haveeverbeenin

C.fortystudentsinwhichsixother

D.Afriendofmine–commented

E.没有问题

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。Ever改成once。在疑问句中使用haveeverbeen的形式，表示曾经。此处应用haveoncebeen。

17.单选题

Apersonmustsatisfyhisphysiologicalneeds,suchasfood,clothingandshelter,before（）anyotherobjective.

问题1选项

A.recovering

B.searching

C.chasing

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项recovering“恢复，再生”；B选项searching“查找，思索”；C选项chasing“追赶；追求（事业、金钱、异性）”；D选项pursuing“追赶；追问；努力实现（目标）”。句意：一个人必须先满足生理需要，如衣食住行，才能（）任何其他的目标。根据语境，pursuing“努力实现（目标）”搭配objective“目标”比较合理。因此D选项正确。

18.单选题

Shellfishgivethe（）appearanceofenjoyingapeacefulexistencealthoughinfactlifeisaconstantstruggleforthem.

问题1选项

A.misled

B.deceptive

C.initial

D.understandable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：贝壳鱼给人一种享受平静生活的假象,但实际上它们的生活是一场不断的斗争。misled为动词,把...带错方向,误导,放在此处不符合语法；deceptive迷惑的,虚伪的；initial最初的；understandable可以理解的。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

Thesoldier’sfacewasbadlyburnedinthefireoutbreakofadepartmentstoreandhehadtohaveskin（

）.

问题1选项

A.transverse

B.transplanted

C.transcended

D.transferred

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】动词辨析题。A选项transverse“横向的、横切的”；B选项transplant“移植；迁移”；C选项transcend“胜过、超越”；D选项transfer“使转移、调任”。句子由and连接两个简单句，前半句意思是“士兵的脸在百货公司发生的火灾中严重烧伤”，再根据havesth.done的结构，推断空格部分单词要填过去分词形式。所以由后面关键词“skin皮肤”可知空格部分单词意思为“移植……”，句意为：士兵的脸在百货公司发生的火灾中严重烧伤，需要植皮。故正确答案选B。

20.不定项选择题

Thestratosphericozonelayerisnotacompletelyuniformstratum,nordoesitoccuratthesamealtitudearoundtheglobe.ItliesclosesttotheEarthoverthepolesandrisestomaximumaltitudeovertheequator.Inthestratosphere,ozoneiscontinuouslybeingmadeanddestroyedbynaturalprocesses.DuringthedaytheSunbreaksdownsomeoftheoxygenmoleculestosingleoxygenatoms,andtheseatoms,reactingwithoxygenmoleculesthathavenotbeendissociated,formozone.However,thesunlightalsobreaksdownozonebyconvertingsomeofitbacktonormaloxygen.Inaddition,naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxidesenterintothecycleandspeedthebreakdownreactions.Theamountofozonepresentatanyonetimeisthebalancebetweentheprocessesthatcreateitandthosethatdestroyit.

Sincethesplittingoftheoxygenmoleculesdependsdirectlyupontheintensityofsolarradiation,thegreatestrateofozoneproductionoccursoverthetropics.However,ozoneisalsodestroyedmostrapidlythere,andwindcirculationpatternscarrytheozone-enrichedupperlayersoftheatmosphereawayfromtheequator.Itturnsoutthatthelargesttotalozoneamountsarefoundathighlatitudes.OnatypicaldaytheamountofozoneoverMinnesota,forexample,is30percentgreaterthantheamountover900milesfarthersouth.Thedensityandaltitudeoftheozonelayeralsochangewiththeseasons,theweather,andtheamountofsolaractivity.Nevertheless,atanyoneplaceabovetheEarth’ssurface,thelongtermaveragesmaintainedbynaturalprocessesarebelievedtobereasonablyconstant.

TheamountofozoneneartheEarthisonlyasmallpercentoftheamountinthestratosphere,andexchangeofmoleculesbetweentheozonelayerandatthegroundlevelisthoughttoberelativelysmall.Furthermore,theozonemoleculeissounstablethatonlyatinyfractionofground-levelozonecouldsurvivethelongtriptothestratosphere,sotheozonelayerwillnotbereplenishedtoanysignificantdegreebytheincreasingconcentrationsofozonethathavebeendetectedinrecentyearsneartheEarth’ssurface.Thelong-termaveragesofozonebothneargroundlevelandinthestratosphereareregulatedbycontinuousprocessesthatareconstantlydestroyingandcreatingitineachoftheseplaces.Thisiswhyscientistsaresoconcernedabouthumanbeing’sinjectionintothestratospherechemicalslikenitrogenoxides,whicharecatalyststhatfacilitatethebreakdownofozone.Iftheozonelayerisdepletedsignificantly,moreultravioletradiationwouldpenetratetotheEarth’ssurfaceanddamagemanylivingorganisms.

1.What’sthethematicquestionofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmostresemblestheprocessesthatdeterminetheamountofozoneintheupperstratosphere?

3.WhichofthefollowinghastheLEASTeffectontheamountofozoneintheupperatmosphere?

4.Intermsoftheamountofozoneinthestratosphere,naturalprocessesareassumedtoform______.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Howtodealwiththerelationsbetweenozonelayerandradiationdamage?

B.Whatistheaveragethicknessofthestratosphericozonelayer?

C.Whydoesincreaseexposuretoultravioletradiationdestroymanylivingorganisms?

D.Howisstratosphericozonecreatedandchanged?

问题2选项

A.Automobileemissionsandseasonalfogsthatcreatealayerofsmogoveracity.

B.Plantingandharvestingactivitiesthatproduceacropwhosesizeisalwaysaboutthesame.

C.Depositsandwithdrawalsmadeinabankaccountwhoseaveragebalanceremainsmuchthesame.

D.Assetsandliabilitiesthatdeterminethenetworthofacorporation.

问题3选项

A.Weather.

B.Latitude.

C.Season.

D.Ground-levelozone.

问题4选项

A.achainofrandomlyoccurringphenomena

B.aninteractiverelationship

C.areductionsystem

D.alinearprogression

问题5选项

A.Solarradiationnotonlyproducesanddamagesozonebutalsoposesahazardtohumanlife.

B.Naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxides,aswellasthoseintroducedbyhumans,tendtodepletethelayerofozoneinthestratosphere.

C.Adelicatebutreasonablyconstantbalanceexistsbetweenthenaturalprocessthatproduceozoneandthosethatdestroyitinthestratosphere.

D.Changesintheconcentrationofozoneinthestratospheretendtocancelthemselvesoutafteraperiodoftime.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.What’sthethematicquestionofthepassage?1.这篇文章的主题问题是什么？

A.Howtodealwiththerelationsbetweenozonelayerandradiationdamage?A.如何处理臭氧层与辐射损害的关系？

B.Whatistheaveragethicknessofthestratosphericozonelayer?B.平流层臭氧层的平均厚度是多少？

C.Whydoesincreaseexposuretoultravioletradiationdestroymanylivingorganisms?C.为什么紫外线辐射的增加会破坏许多生物体？

D.Howisstratosphericozonecreatedandchanged?D.平流层臭氧是如何产生和改变的？

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了平流层臭氧是如何产生的，第二、三段讲述了影响臭氧含量的一些因素，包括太阳活动、季节、天气和纬度，以及解释臭氧是如何被破坏和创造，但又能保持平衡，综合理解可推断，这篇文章主要是回答平流层臭氧是如何产生和改变的这个问题，故该题选择D项“平流层臭氧是如何产生和改变的？”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“如何处理臭氧层与辐射损害的关系？”、B项“平流层臭氧层的平均厚度是多少？”和C项“为什么紫外线辐射的增加会破坏许多生物体？”，原文没有谈到这三个问题，这三项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmostresemblestheprocessesthatdeterminetheamountofozoneintheupperstratosphere?2.根据文章，什么最类似于决定平流层上层的臭氧量的过程？

A.Automobileemissionsandseasonalfogsthatcreatealayerofsmogoveracity.A.汽车尾气和季节性雾霾会在城市上空形成一层雾霾。

B.Plantingandharvestingactivitiesthatproduceacropwhosesizeisalwaysaboutthesame.B.种植和收获活动产生的作物的规模总是相同。

C.Depositsandwithdrawalsmadeinabankaccountwhoseaveragebalanceremainsmuchthesame.C.在银行账户上的存款和取款，其平均余额基本不变。

D.Assetsandliabilitiesthatdeterminethenetw