考研考博-英语-内蒙古警察职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古警察职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Wemust（）theproblemofpovertyassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.abolish

B.tackle

C.remove

D.encounter

【答案】B

【解析】abolish废除；tackle解决,

处理,

对付；remove移除；encounter遭遇,

邂逅。句意：我们必须尽快处理贫困问题。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Heisgoingtogetmarried.

B.Heisgoingtogethisbachelor'sdegree.

C.Hewillcountonthewomanforhelp.

D.Hewillbringhisownboozetotheparty.

【答案】A

【解析】W:We’llthrowTomabachelorparty.

M:Thencountmein.

W:Great.Beatourhouseat8p.m,andbringyourownbooze.

Q:WhatistrueaboutTom?

【解析】细节题。男士表示想去单身汉晚会，女士确认了时间为晚上八点，并且要自带酒水。

3.单选题

Histalkwasgenerallywellreceived,butasforthestatisticshe（

）,Idon'tthinkallofthemwereup-to-date.

问题1选项

A.referredto

B.relatedto

C.adjustedto

D.appealedto

【答案】A

【解析】referto谈到，提及；relateto涉及，有关；adjustto调节，调整以适应；appealto呼吁，上诉。句意：他的演讲受到了普遍的欢迎，但关于他提及的统计数字，我不认为所有的数据都是最新的。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Theclockworksallthetimeevenwhentherearenooutsidesignstomarkthepassingoftime.Thebiologicalclocktellsplantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoonandflyaway.Andittellsanimalswhentoeat,sleepandwake.Itcontrolsbodytemperature,thereleaseofsomehormonesandevendreams.Thesenaturaldailyeventsarecircadianrhythms.

Manhasknownaboutthemforthousandsofyears.Butthefirstscientificobservationofcircadianrhythmswasnotmadeuntil1729.InthatyearFrenchastronomer,Jean-Jac-quesd“OrtousMairan”,notedthatoneofhisplantsopeneditsleavesatthesametimeeverymorning,andclosedthematthesametimeeverynight.Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime.Laterscientistswonderedaboutcircadianrhythmsinhumans.Theylearnedthatman’sbiologicalclockactuallykeepstimewithadayofalittlelessthan25hoursinsteadofthe24hoursonaman-madeclock.AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks.Thepeopleinhisexperimentsareshutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness.ThelaboratoryisintheMontefloreHospitalinNewYorkCity.Ithastwolivingareaswiththreesmallroomsineach.Thewindowsarecovered,sonosunlightormoonlightcomesin.Therearenoradiosortelevisionreceivers.Thereisacontrolroombetweenthelivingareas.Itcontainscomputers,one-waycamerasandotherelectronicdevicesforobservingthepersoninthelivingarea.Theinstrumentsmeasureheartbeat,bodytemperature,hormonesintheblood,othersubstancesintheurineandbrainwavesduringsleep.Adoctorormedicaltechnicianisondutyinthecontrolroom24hoursadayduringanexperiment.Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis.Inthefirstfouryearsofresearch,Dr.Weitzmanandhisassistanthaveobserved16menbetweentheagesof21and80.Themenremainedinthelaboratoryforaslongassixmonths.Lastmonth,asciencereporterforTheNewYorkTimesnewspaper,DavaSobol,becamethefirstwomantotakepartintheexperiment.Sheenteredthelaboratoryon13thandstayedfor25days.MissSobolwrotereportsabouttheexperimentduringthattime,whichwerepublishedinthenewspaper.

26.Thebiologicalclockisbelievedtoplayanessentialrolein____.

27.Inhisobservation,theFrenchscientistnoticedthattheleavesofacertainplantmaintaineditsopening-and-closingcycles____.

28.Thesentence“Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms”(Paragraph2)probablymeans____.

29.IntheexperimentconductedbyMr.Weitzman,thedoctorwhoisondutydoesnotworkthesametimeeachday____.

30.WhatisMr.Weitzman’sultimatepurposeofestablishingalaboratory?

问题1选项

A.theregulationofbodytemperature

B.thesecretionofhormones

C.animalreproduction

D.manyaspectsofplantandanimalphysiology

问题2选项

A.evenwhenitwaskeptinamurkyplaceallday

B.evenifitwasplacedinthemoonlight

C.evenwhenhewasobservingitfromadarkplace

D.evenduringthenighttime

问题3选项

A.Theycanleadtheirdailylivesaccordingtotheirbiologicalclocks,withoutreferringtoaman-madeclock

B.Theycanlistentothewonderfulrhythmsofthebiologicalclockandliveclosetothem

C.Theycanlivebyregulatingtheirowncircadianrhythms

D.Theyarefreefromtheannoyingrhythmsofeverydaylife

问题4选项

A.inordertoobservetheabnormalbehaviorofthepeopleatdifferenttimes

B.soasnottoberecognizedbythepeople

C.soastoavoidindicatingtothepeoplewhattimeitiswhenhestartswork

D.soastoleavethepeople’scircadianrhythmsindisorder

问题5选项

A.Hewantedtohavehisexperimentreportpublishedinthenewspapers.

B.Peoplearefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.

C.Hewantedtofindawaytotreatpeople’sdiseases.

D.Hecouldgainsomereputationforthefirstscientificobservationofcircadian.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】26.【选项释义】

Thebiologicalclockisbelievedtoplayanessentialrolein____.生物钟被认为在____中起着重要作用。

A.theregulationofbodytemperatureA.体温的调节

B.thesecretionofhormonesB.激素的分泌

C.animalreproduction•C.动物繁殖

D.manyaspectsofplantandanimalphysiologyD.植物和动物生理活动的许多方面

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词biologicalclock和playanessentialrole定位到原文第1段。该段第一句为段落核心句，该句提到“每个生物都有一个控制行为（controlsbehavior）的内在生物钟。”后文具体写到它是怎么控制动植物行为的，“生物钟告诉植物什么时候形成花骨朵（whentoformflowers），什么时候开花（whentheflowersshouldopen）”，“它告诉昆虫什么时候离开保护茧飞走”，“它告诉动物什么时候吃，什么时候睡，什么时候醒”，“它控制体温（controlsbodytemperature），一些激素的释放（thereleaseofsomehormones），甚至做梦”。由此推断，生物钟影响动植物生理活动的方方面面，D选项“植物和动物生理活动的许多方面”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“体温的调节”，只是其中一个方面，该选项属于以偏概全；

B选项“激素的分泌”，只是其中一个方面，该选项属于以偏概全；

C选项“动物繁殖”，只是其中一个方面，该选项属于以偏概全。

27.【选项释义】

Inhisobservation,theFrenchscientistnoticedthattheleavesofacertainplantmaintaineditsopening-and-closingcycles____.在他的观察中，这位法国科学家注意到某一种植物的叶子保持着开闭循环____。

A.evenwhenitwaskeptinamurkyplacealldayA.即使它被放在阴暗的地方一整天

B.evenifitwasplacedinthemoonlightB.即使它被放在月光下

C.evenwhenhewasobservingitfromadarkplaceC.即使他在黑暗的地方观察它

D.evenduringthenighttimeD.即使是在晚上

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Frenchscientist、theleavesofacertainplant和itsopening-and-closingcycles定位到原文第2段。该段第2-3句提到“法国天文学家注意到，他的一种植物每天早上的同一时间开放叶子，每天晚上的同一时间关闭叶子。即使他一直把它放在黑暗的地方（evenwhenhekeptitinadarkplace），它也会这样做。”由此可知，C选项“即使他在黑暗的地方观察它”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“即使它被放在阴暗的地方一整天”，原文只是说“在黑暗的地方”，并没有说“在阴暗的地方一整天”，该选项属于过度推理；

B选项“即使它被放在月光下”，原文只是说“在黑暗的地方”，并没有说“月光下”，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“即使是在晚上”，原文只是说“在黑暗的地方”，黑暗的地方不一定是“晚上”，该选项属于过度推理。

28.【选项释义】

Thesentence“Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms”(Paragraph2)probablymeans____.“他们可以自由地听从自己的昼夜节奏，并按照自己的昼夜节奏生活”，第2段这句话想表达的意思可能是____。

A.Theycanleadtheirdailylivesaccordingtotheirbiologicalclocks,withoutreferringtoaman-madeclockA.他们可以根据自己的生物钟来生活，而不用参考人造时钟

B.TheycanlistentothewonderfulrhythmsofthebiologicalclockandliveclosetothemB.他们可以听着美妙的生物钟节奏，并基本按生物钟生活

C.TheycanlivebyregulatingtheirowncircadianrhythmsC.他们可以通过调节自己的昼夜节奏来生活

D.TheyarefreefromtheannoyingrhythmsofeverydaylifeD.他们摆脱了日常生活烦人的节奏

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Paragraph2定位到原文第2段。题干引用的句子为该段第8句，该句描述的是美国医生EliotWeitzman的实验对象。本段第6句提到该实验的目的是“研究我们的生物钟是如何工作的（tostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks）。”实验应该是为实验目的服务的，因此，题干引用句“他们可以自由地听从自己的昼夜节奏，并按照自己的昼夜节奏生活”的意思应该是“他们可以按照自己的生物钟生活”，A选项“他们可以根据自己的生物钟来生活，而不用参考人造时钟”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“他们可以听着美妙的生物钟节奏，并基本按生物钟生活”，前半句表述错误，原文listento的意思不是“听着美妙的生物钟节奏”，而应该是“听从”，该选项属于曲解原文；

C选项“他们可以通过调节自己的昼夜节奏来生活”，原文没有提到“调节自己的节奏”，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“他们摆脱了日常生活烦人的节奏”，原文没有提到“日常生活的节奏烦人”，只是让他们按照生物钟生活，该选项属于无中生有。

29.【选项释义】

IntheexperimentconductedbyMr.Weitzman,thedoctorwhoisondutydoesnotworkthesametimeeachday____.在Weitzman的实验中，值班医生每天的工作时间并不相同____。

A.inordertoobservetheabnormalbehaviorofthepeopleatdifferenttimesA.以便观察人们在不同时期的反常行为

B.soasnottoberecognizedbythepeopleB.以免被人们认出来

C.soastoavoidindicatingtothepeoplewhattimeitiswhenhestartsworkC.以免他知道自己是什么时候开始工作的

D.soastoleavethepeople’scircadianrhythmsindisorderD.从而使人们的昼夜节律紊乱

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Mr.Weitzman和doesnotworkthesametimeeachday定位到原文第2段第18句，该句提到“他们每天工作的时间不一样，也不允许戴手表，所以实验室里的人不知道现在是什么时间（sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis）。”由此可知，不同的工作时间是为了让实验对象不知道时间，C选项“以免他知道自己是什么时候开始工作的”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】A选项“以便观察人们在不同时期的反常行为”、B选项“以免被人们认出来”、D选项“从而使人们的昼夜节律紊乱”，原文均未提及，属于无中生有。

30.【选项释义】

WhatisMr.Weitzman’sultimatepurposeofestablishingalaboratory?Weitzman先生建立实验室的最终目的是什么？

A.Hewantedtohavehisexperimentreportpublishedinthenewspapers.A.他想让他的实验报告发表在报纸上。

B.Peoplearefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.B.人们可以自由地听从并按照自己的昼夜节律生活。

C.Hewantedtofindawaytotreatpeople’sdiseases.C.他想找到一种治疗人们疾病的方法。

D.Hecouldgainsomereputationforthefirstscientificobservationofcircadian.D.他可能会因为第一个对昼夜节律进行科学观察而获得一些声誉。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词ultimatepurpose可定位到原文第2段。本段第6句提到“美国医生EliotWeitzman建立了一个实验室来研究我们的生物钟是如何工作的（tostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks）。”另外，本段第9句提到“Weitzman博士希望（hopes）他的研究能够（hisresearchwillleadto）为常见的睡眠问题和由衰老和精神疾病引起的睡眠障碍找到有效的治疗方法（effectivetreatments）。”综上所述，作为一个医生，他的最终目的应该是第9句说的寻找治疗方法，C选项“他想找到一种治疗人们疾病的方法”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他想让他的实验报告发表在报纸上”，可定位到原文第2段最后一句，该句提到“Sobol小姐（他的助手）撰写了有关实验的报告，并发表在报纸上”，他虽然这么做了，但这不是他的目的，将实验结果进行发布属于正常操作，该选项属于过度推理；

B选项“人们可以自由地听从并按照自己的昼夜节律生活”，由第28题解析可知，该选项只是实验的内容，不是实验目的，属于本末倒置；

D选项“他可能会因为第一个对昼夜节律进行科学观察而获得一些声誉”，是读者的主观臆断，并不是该医生的目的，属于无中生有。

5.单选题

A2005studybytheInternationalJournalofOncologysuggestedthatextractfromgacfruitmay（）thegrowthofsomecancers.

问题1选项

A.inhale

B.inhibit

C.infect

D.intimidate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项inhale表示“吸入，猛吃猛喝”；B选项inhibit表示“抑制，禁止”；C选项infect表示“感染，传染”；D选项intimidate表示“恐吓，威胁，胁迫”。有句意可知，这项研究表明，木鳖果的提取物可以抑制癌症的扩散。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

6.单选题

Formostpeople,shoppingisstillamatterofwanderingdownthehighstreetorloadingacartinashoppingmall.Soon,thatwillchange.Electroniccommerceisgrowingfastandwillsoonbringpeoplemorechoice.Therewill,however,beacost;protectingtheconsumerfromfraudwillbeharder.Manygovernmentsthereforewanttoextendhigh-streetregulationstotheelectronicworld.Butpoliticianswouldbewisertoseecyberspaceasabasisforaneweraofcorporateself-regulation.

Consumersinrichcountrieshavegrownusedtotheideathatthegovernmenttakesresponsibilityforeverythingfromthestabilityofthebankstothesafetyofthedrugs,ortheirrightstorefundwhengoodsarefaulty.Butgovernmentscannotenforcenationallawsonbusinesseswhoseonlypresenceintheircountryisonascreen.Othercountrieshaveregulators,buttherulesofconsumerprotectiondiffer,asdoesenforcement.Evenwhereaclearrighttocompensationexists,theon-linecataloguecustomerinTokyo,say,canhardlygotoNewYorktoextractarefundforadudpurchase.

Oneanswerisforgovernmentstocooperatemore:torecognizeeachother’srules.Butthatrequiresyearsofworkandvolumesofdetailedrules.Andplentyofcountrieshaverulestoofancifulforsoberstatestoaccept.Thereis,however,analternative.Lettheelectronicbusinessesdothe“regulation”themselves.Theydo,afterall,haveaself-interestindoingso.

Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.Governments,too,maycompetetobetrusted.Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.

Consumerswillstillneedtousetheirjudgment.Butpreciselybecausethetechnologyisnew,electronicshoppersarelikelyforawhiletobealotmorecautiousthanconsumersofthenormalsort—andthenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown.Inthisway,atleast,theadventofcyberspacemayargueforfewerconsumerprotectionlaws,notmore.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillbethebestpolicyforelectroniccommerce?

2.Incaseanelectronicshopperboughtfaultygoodsfromaforeigncountry,whatcouldhedointhepresentcircumstances?

3.Intheauthor’sview,businesseswouldplaceahighpremiumonhonestdealingbecauseintheelectronicworld

（

）.

4.WecaninferfromthepassagethatinlicensingnewdrugstheFDAintheUnitedStatesis

（

）.

5.Theworld“cyberspace”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Self-regulationbythebusinesses.

B.Strictconsumerprotectionlaws.

C.Closeinternationalcooperation.

D.Governmentprotection.

问题2选项

A.Refusetopayforthepurchase

B.Gotothesellerandaskforarefund

C.Appealtoconsumerprotectionlaws

D.Complainaboutitviaelectronicmail

问题3选项

A.internationalcooperationwouldbemuchmoreenhanced

B.consumerscouldeasilyseekgovernmentprotection

C.agoodreputationisagreatadvantageincompetition

D.itwouldbeeasyforconsumerstocomplain

问题4选项

A.veryquick

B.verycautious

C.veryslow

D.rathercareless

问题5选项

A.theouterspace

B.artificialintelligence

C.thecommercialworld

D.computernetworks

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第三段中的内容为：答案之一是各国政府更多地合作：承认彼此的规则。但这需要多年的工作和大量的详细规则。而且许多国家的规则对此来说都太不切实际了。然而，还有一种选择。让电子企业自己做“监管”，毕竟，这样做对他们是有利的。句中的“regulation”themselves即self-regulation，因此选A。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的thenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown（新技术还将使他们更容易在公司让他们失望时大声抱怨）可知D选项“通过电子邮件抱怨”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.（在电子商务中，诚实交易的声誉将是一种有价值的竞争资产）可知C选项“良好的声誉是竞争中的一大优势”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.（例如，在线订购药品的客户可能更喜欢从美国购买药品，因为他们相信食品药品监督管理局的严格审查；或者他们可能认为FDA的规定过于严格，而选择从瑞士购买）可知FDA对药品的管理非常严格和谨慎，因此选B。

第5题:词义题。文章主要介绍了电子商务交易存在的问题，故cyberspace与electroniccommerce（电子商务）和theelectronicworld（电子世界）有关，而电子商务、电子世界是通过计算机网络进行的，因此选D。

7.单选题

Thisproductis（）tochangewithoutnotice.

问题1选项

A.despite

B.evil

C.subject

D.crust

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。besubjectto“受支配，从属于；常遭受……；有……倾向的”。A选项despite的常用搭配有indespiteof/despiteof不管，不顾；B选项evil的常用搭配有speakevilof说坏话；诽谤/doevil作恶；为非作歹；干坏事；造孽；D选项crust“地壳，地表，坚硬外壳”，常用固定搭配很少；句意：本产品（）更换，恕不另行通知。根据句意可知C选项更符合句意，因此C选项正确。

8.翻译题

没有一流的人文教育，我们就不可能有世界一流大学。要建好文科院系，也要抓好对全体学生的人文教育。不同学科要各按步伐，按各自的内在规律发展。“科学求真，人文求善，艺术求美”，达到真善美在学科层面的统一。我们是用世界上最少的钱，办了最大的教育。我一直坚信，到本世纪中叶，中国一定能够成为世界一流的教育大国！

学校和教师的责任是真正发挥所有学生的潜能，使学生成长为既有宽厚基础、又有广阔视野，既有活生生的个性、又能团结他人、能够引领中国未来发展的精英人才。

【答案】Withoutfirst-classliberalartseducation,wecannothaveworld-classuniversities.Tobuildagoodliberalartscollegesanddepartments,butalsotopayattentiontothehumanitieseducationofallstudents.Differentdisciplinesshoulddevelopattheirownpaceandaccordingtotheirowninternallaws."Scienceseekstruth,humanityseeksgoodness,artseeksbeauty",achievingtheunityoftruth,goodnessandbeautyatthedisciplinelevel.Wegotthebiggesteducationintheworldwiththeleastmoney.Ihavealwaysbelievedthatbythemiddleofthiscentury,Chinawillbecomeaworld-classeducationcountry.

Itistheresponsibilityofschoolsandteacherstotrulygiveplaytothepotentialofallstudents,sothatstudentscangrowintoeliteswhohaveagenerousfoundation,broadvision,livelypersonality,unitywithothers,andcanleadChina'sfuturedevelopment.

9.单选题

Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdealoratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywherealtitudesareconcerned（1）.

Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddleclasspeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers'jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence.（2）,havinggivenhiswifeher“housekeeping”，wouldgooutandsquandertherestonbeerandbetting.

Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewasandstillis―inclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseasamostimportantthing,buthealsoconsideredtheeducationofhischildrenasextremelyimportant.Bothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity.Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavetheopportunity(ortheeducationandtraining)tomakesuchlong-termplans.

Nowadays,agreatdealhaschanged.Inalargenumberofcasesfactoryworkersearnasmuch,ifnotmore,thantheirmiddle-classsupervisors.Socialsecurityandlawshavemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabout"tomorrow".（3）.Infacttherehasbeenagrowingtendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition.

（4）.Theygenerallytendtoshareverysimilartastesinmusicandclothes,theyspendtheirmoneyinhavingagoodtime,andsaveforholidaysorlonger-termplanswhennecessary.Thereseemstobemuchlessdifferencethaninpreviousgenerations.（5）Aslongasthisgapexists,therewillalwaysbeapossibilitythatnewconflictsandjealousieswillemerge,orratherthattheoldconflictswillreappear,butbetweendifferentgroups.

问题1选项

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

问题2选项

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

问题3选项

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

问题4选项

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

问题5选项

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:F

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.前文含义“但是，在某些方面变化很小，特别是在某些高度上”可推断此处应是对“verylittlehaschanged”的举例，C项含义为“关于社会阶层的问题，即一个人是否为工人阶级或中产阶级，就是一个变化非常缓慢的领域”，符合题意，故选C。

2.前文含义为“在过去，工人阶级的工资往往低于中产阶级，如教师和医生。基于这一点以及工人工作的不安全性，人们生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异。”下文举例，空格后文的含义为“给一部分给妻子作为生活开支，剩下的出去喝酒和赌博”可知此处为工人阶级的做法，选项F含义为“典型的工人阶级男人们，在周五晚上领薪水，大部分人认为…”符合上下文，故选F。

3.前文含义为“如今变化很大，在大多数情况下，工厂工人的收入可以与他们的中产阶级主管持平。社会保障和法律也使人们不再担心“明天”。空格后文的含义为“事实上，在过去的几年里，中产阶级对自己的地位感到羞愧的趋势越来越明显。”可推断此处可能与“工人阶级对自己过去的社会地位的感觉”相关，A项含义为“工人阶级似乎在慢慢失去过去的那种自卑感”符合上下文，故选A。

4.空格后文的含义为“他们通常在音乐和衣服上有着相似的品味，为了玩得很开心他们愿意花钱，必要时还会为假期或长期计划储蓄。与前几代相比，差异似乎要小得多。”此处可能为对某种变化的举例。选项D的含义为“生活方式和态度的变化很可能很容易在年轻人中看到”符合上下文，故选D。

5.空格后文的含义为“只要这种差距存在，就永远有可能出现新的冲突和猜忌，或者旧的冲突在不同的群体之间再次出现”可推断空格处应与某种差异相关，选项B的含义为“然而，在高薪（无论他们有什么样的工作）和低薪者之间仍然有很大的差距”符合上下文，故选B。

10.单选题

Severalloudspeakersare（）fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.

问题1选项

A.connected

B.winded

C.associated

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】考查动辨析。connect“连接”；wind“缠绕”；associate“联系”；suspend“延缓，推迟，使悬浮”。句意：天花板上（）一些扩音器，我们可以很清楚地听到演讲者说话。扩音器一般是悬浮在天花板上，故D项正确。

11.单选题

Thattradeprotectionhurtstheeconomyofthecountrythatimposesitisoneoftheoldestbutstillmoststartlinginsightseconomicshastooffer.Theideadatesbacktotheoriginofeconomicscienceitself.AdamSmith’sTheWealthofNations,whichgavebirthtoeconomics,alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade.Ininternationaleconomicsitisthedirectcounterparttotheideathatpeoplewithinanationaleconomywillbebetteroffiftheyspecializeatwhattheydobestinsteadoftryingtobeself-sufficient

Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenthecasesforfreetradeforoneselfandthecaseforfreetradeforall.Theformerisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveonenation’sownwelfare(the"national-efficiency”argument).Thelatterisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveeverytradingcountry'swelfare(the"cosmopolitan-efficiency"argument).

Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices,butgovernmentsmaydistortmarketpricesby,forexample,subsidizingproductionorgovernmentsmayprotectintellectualpropertyinadequately,causingunderproductionofnewknowledge.

Thecosmopolitan-efficiencycaseforfreetradeisrelevanttoquestionssuchasthedesignofinternationaltraderegimes.Thenational-efficiencycaseforfreetradeconcernsnationaltradepolicies;itis,infact,AdamSmith'scaseforfreetrade.Economiststypicallyhavethenational-efficiencycaseinmindwhentheytalkoftheadvantageoffreetradeandofthefollyofprotectionism.

ThetradepolicyoftheUnitedStatestodayispremisedonadifferentassessment:thatindeedU.S.marketscan,andshould,beclosedasameansofopeningnewmarketsabroad.Thispremiseunderliessections301through310ofthe1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.Theseprovisionspermit,andsometimesevenrequire,theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot.Butthose”tradeobligations"donotalwaysentailfreetrade.Theycan,forinstance,taketheformofvoluntaryquotasonexportsofcertaingoodstotheUnitedStates.Thus,theymaysimplyforceweaknationstoredirecttheirtradeinwaysthatstrongnationsdesire,cuttingawayattheprinciplethattradeshouldbeguidedbymarketprices.Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition.

1.Theauthormentionsthatit’strueofAdamSmiththathearguedthat（

）.

2.Thenational-efficiencyandthe“cosmopolitan-efficiency”argumentrestontheassumptionthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTtheargumentthat（

）.

4.Theauthorismostcriticalof（

）.

5.Thebeststatementtosummarizetheauthor'sargumentwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.protectionismininternationaltradewasbad.

B.specializationwasgood,whichledotherstoadvocatefreetrade.

C.dueto“cosmopolitan-efficiency”freetradewasdesirable

D.freetrademustalsobefairtrade.

问题2选项

A.freetradeallowsforselfsufficiency.

B.pricesarethesameineachtradingnation

C.marketproductioniscompletelyunregulatedbythegovernments.

D.pricesaren’tbeingaffectedbygovernments’policies.

问题3选项

A.theU.S.hasnotadheredtotheprincipleoffreetradeinpractice.

B.theU.S.oftenusesthethreatofpunishmentforitsownadvantage.

C.voluntaryquotasaredesirablealternativestoprotectionism.

D."Fairtrade”policiesareoftenjustdisguisedformsofprotectionism.

问题4选项

A.the"nationalefficiency"argument.

B.the"cosmopolitanefficiency"argument.

C.thegovernmentoftheU.S.

D.the1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.

问题5选项

A.freetradeisdesirablebutitstheoryisnotgenerallyaccepted.

B.UStradepolicygoesagainstthewisdomofeconomists.

C.protectionismisfollyforanumberofreasons.

D.theU.S.isbeingunfairinitsforeignpolicies.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。第一段指出：...alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadof