考研考博-英语-冀中职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-冀中职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Weofferawidevarietyofservicestofityourrequest,（）webdesign,graphicdesign,webdevelopment,oranythingelse.

问题1选项

A.whethertheybe

B.whetheritbe

C.wouldtheybe

D.woulditbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法结构。句意：我们提供各种各样的服务，以满足您的要求，无论是网页设计，图形设计，网页开发，或任何其他。根据句意可知，这里表示的是“无论….”，可首先排除选项C和选项D；其次，原句中并列的几个选择性词组都是单数形式，所以这里的代词也应该使用单数，选项B为正确答案。

2.单选题

Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad（）fromhismindbythetimehewas65.

问题1选项

A.faded

B.illustrated

C.confined

D.concerned

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。fade“褪色，逐渐消失”；illustrate“阐明，举例说明”；confine“限制，紧闭”；concern“影响，牵挂，关系到，涉及”。句意：他大脑中童年时代的所有记忆在他65岁时都逐渐模糊。A项符合题意。

3.写作题

Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“OnAgingSociety”basedonthefollowinggivenoutline.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】ThereisaclassicquestioninChinawhichmayseembizarreintheeyesofforeigners:shouldwehelptheoldpeoplewhofelldownonthestreet?Thetopiciscontroversialbecauseithappenedthatpeoplewhohelpedtheoldpeoplegotthemselvesintrouble.Ibelieveweshouldalwaysofferassistancetoseniorpeoplewhofelldown,becauseifwedon’t,citizenshipwillneverprevail.

Thisdilemmashowsthelackoftrustamongusandithasbeentranslatedintotheindifferencetoothers,consideringthatwehaveenteredintoa“societyofstrangers”.Andthesituationhasbeenworsenedbytheunpleasantcasesthathavehappened.Butifwewanttoseechanges,weneedtodotherightthing,andifweallchoosetodoso,therewillbenoroomfordeceptionandblackmail.Inthatcase,justicewillgaintheupperhand.

Itismoreimportantforthegovernmentandpublicmediatoformanagreeableenvironmentthatencouragespeopletodotherightthing.Ontheonehand,Thegovernmentshoulduseitshardpowertoestablishlawstoprotectpeoplewhoofferhelpandpunishthosetakingadvantageofpeople’skindness.Ontheotherhand,publicmediashouldmakefulluseofitssoftpowertoraisepeople’sawarenessofcitizenship.Ithastotellpeoplewhatisrightandwhatiswrong,andshouldnothypethebadexamplesinwhichkindheartedpeoplegetextorted.

4.单选题

Thestudentswholiketoabsentthemselvesfromclasseswillsoonerorlaterreceiveseverityoftheschoolregulations.

问题1选项

A.vindication

B.concurrence

C.deference

D.rigor

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.vindication辩护，证明无罪B.concurrence同时发生；赞同，合作

C.deference顺从，尊重D.rigor严格，严苛

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“喜欢逃课的学生迟早要受到校规的惩罚”可知，划线单词severity表示“严重，严格，严重程度”，因此只有D选项含义最为接近。故本题正确答案为D选项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项与划线单词意思不符合。

【句意】喜欢逃课的学生迟早要受到校规的严厉惩罚。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

Beforeyougottheideathateconomicsisrelevantonlyforpoliticsorbusinesses,weshouldmentionthateconomicsfocusesonallthechoicespeoplemakeandthepersonalandsocialconsequencesofthesechoices.

Webelievethatwhenyoufinishthisbook,youwilljoinusintheviewthattheeconomicwayofthinkingoffersvaluableinsightintooureverydayinteractionswithoneanother—producing,consuming,votingandstrivingforthegoodlife.

Oneseemedtoknowlittleaboutthebook,butagreatmanypeopleknewapparentlythat"Peggy"wasatworkonsomethingandthatwasenoughtobringcordial,eveninsistent,recommendationtotheirlips.

Makingamoviecostsmuchmorethancuttinganalbum.Soastheworldbecomericher,therelativemarketshareofHollywoodmovieswillprobablefallmorethantherelativemarketshareofAmericanpopularmusic.

Itisverydifficulttoagreeonthepriceforsharestobeboughtbecausethepurchasingpartywilllackthenecessaryinformationastothefinancialstatusandothercharacteristicsoftheshare-issuingcorporation,andbecausethenetvalueoftheshareswillchangeconstantlyfromthedateoftheagreementtothedateofclosing.

【答案】在你认为经济学只与政治或企业相关之前，我们应该指出，经济学关注的是人们所做的所有选择，以及这些选择对个人和社会的影响。

我们相信，当你读完这本书时，你会跟我们有一样的观点，认为以经济的方式来思考会为人们各种日常交流提供宝贵的洞察力，包括生产、消费、选举和为好生活的奋斗。

一个人似乎对这本书知之甚少，但许多人显然知道“佩吉”在做些什么，这足以给他们带来热忱的，甚至是迫切的推荐之言。

制作一部电影比剪辑一张专辑要贵得多。因此，随着世界变得更加富裕，好莱坞电影的相关市场股票可能会比美国流行音乐相关市场股份下降得更多。

由于购买方缺乏关于股票的财务状况和股票发行公司其他特征的必要信息，所以很难就购买股票的价格达成一致。而且，由于股票的净值从交易之日到交易结束之日是不断变化的。

6.单选题

Landbelongstothecity;thereis（）thingasprivateownershipofland.

问题1选项

A.nosucha

B.notsuch

C.notasuch

D.nosuch

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnosuchthingas…是习惯用法，意思为“没有…这样的事”。句意：土地归城市所有，没有土地私有这回事。因此，本题的正确选项是D选项。

7.单选题

MarciaandBillwere（

）ofthepresident'sscholarshipforfinearts.

问题1选项

A.creators

B.donors

C.recipients

D.instigators

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。creator“创造者，创建者”；donor“捐赠者”；recipient“接受者”；instigator“煽动者，教唆者”。句意：Marcia和Bill是美术领域的总统奖学金的接受者。C项符合句意，答案C

8.单选题

Geoffreyhadbeencompletelyexhaustedbutfeltconsiderably

afteramealandagoodrest.

问题1选项

A.refreshed

B.renewed

C.regained

D.reshaped

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Refresh“使……恢复”；renew“使更新”；regain“恢复”；reshape“改造”。句意：杰弗里已经完全筋疲力尽了，但在吃了一顿饭并好好休息了之后，他重新恢复神气。选项A符合题意。

9.填空题

[1]Whatisdrug?Mostpeopleprobablythinkthereisaperfectsimpleanswertothisquestion.Infact,ifoneconductsaquicksurveyonanystreetcorner,onefindsthat,according[2]tovastmajorityofpeople,therearetwogroupsofdrugs:[3]thoseprescribedbydoctorsandthosepeopletakefornon-medicaluse.Asmedicineandthemedicalprofessionsare[4]generallyself-respectful,therearen’tanyobjectionstothe[5]useofprescribingdrugs.Whatmostpeopledon’trealizeisthatthoughprescribeddrugsareusuallybeneficial,theycanalsopresentaseriousproblem.Thereweremanypeople[6]addictedbytranquillizersbeforedoctorsbegantoprescribe[7]them:nowtherebeingliterallymillionswhodependonthem.[8]Anacceptanceoftheuseofdrugsfornon-medicalreasonsis[9]largelyamatterofaculture.SomeEasternpeoplethinktheuseofalcoholwithhorror,mainlyasaresultofreligiousupbringing.However,thesesamepeoplefreelyusemarijuana[10]withoutasecondthought,andthis,inturnisn’tacceptedinwesternculturewhichacceptsalcohol.Inmostwesternsocieties,thetea-or-coffee-breakisnowapartoflife,andhugequantitiesofthesedrinksareconsumeddaily.

【答案】1.perfect改为perfectly

2.tovastmajorityof改为tothevastmajorityof

3.thosepeople改为thosewhich/thatpeople

4.self-respectful改为respected

5.prescribing改为prescribed

6.by改为to

7.therebeing改为thereare

8.an改为the

9.amatterofaculture改为amatterofculture

10.and改为while

【解析】1.语法题。根据句子结构，可知要用副词修饰形容词simple，应该将perfect改为perfectly。句意：大多数人可能认为这个问题有一个非常简单的答案。

2.固定搭配。根据固定搭配themajorityof“大多数，大部分”，可知将tovastmajorityof改为tothevastmajorityof“绝大多数”。句意：对于绝大多数人来说，有两类药品。

3.语法题。根据句子结构，peopletakefornon-medicaluse为定语从句，先行词为those，所以应该添加关系代词which/that，在定语从句中作take的宾语。句意：医生开的药和非医疗用途的药。

4.词汇题。Self-respectful“有自尊心的”。根据句意：医学和医学专业通常是受尊敬的。所以应该改为respected“受尊敬的”。

5.词汇题。Prescribingdrugs中prescribing修饰drugs，处方药物，应该用过去分词作定语修饰drugs，prescribeddrugs“处方药”。句意：由于医学和医学专业受到普遍的尊重，人们并不反对使用处方药。

6.固定搭配。根据固定搭配beaddictedto“对……上瘾，沉溺于”，句意：有许多人对镇静剂上瘾。

7.语法题。根据句子结构，可知therebe句型表示“有”，根据定语从句中的depend，句子为一般现在时态，所以用thereare。句意：现在有数百万人依赖镇定剂。

8.语法题。根据theuseofdrugs，可知此处应表示特指，特指对非医疗用途药品的使用。所以用定冠词the。句意：对非医疗用途药物使用的接受很大程度上是一种文化问题。

9.语法题。不可数名词前不能用冠词an/a，culture为不可数名词，所以应该去掉a。句意：对非医疗用途药物使用的接受很大程度上是一种文化问题。

10.上下文逻辑关系题。上文提到这些人毫不犹豫地自由使用大麻，而下文提到这在西方文化中是不被接受的，可知上下文构成对比关系。And为并列连词，应该用表对比的连词while。句意：这些人毫不犹豫就随意吸食大麻，而这在接受酒精的西方文化中是不被接受的。

10.单选题

Iamwritingthisathomebecauselastweekmyergonomic(符合人体工程学的)chairattheofficefellapart,unableanylongertobearmyweight.Iamwritingitonacomputerthatisproppedontopoftwothickbooks,becauseotherwisemyneckwouldbecrickedasIpeeredatthescreen.At1.93mandweighing...well,I’mnotgoingtosaywhatIweigh,butthinksecond-rowrugbyunionforward...Iamnotbuiltforthisworld.WethereforewelcomeanewreportfromProfessorTimHattonattheUniversityofEssex,demonstratingthattheaverageheightofmeninEuropehasincreasedby4inchesinthepastcenturyandintheUKbyawhopping5inches.Asimilarincreaseislikelytohaveoccurredamongwomen:but,becausethestudyisbasedinpartonmilitaryrecords,evidenceisthinnerontheground.

Theproblem,asHattonobserves,isthattheworldhasn’tkeptpacewithourincreasedheight.Ilongagoabandonedbuses—leveringmyselfintoanarrowseatwasimpossible.Airtravelisalsochallenging.IwasinthebackrowofaneasyJetplanerecently,whichhasevenlessspacethananordinaryseat,andwouldhaveendedupwithaseverebackachehaditnotbeenforsomethoughtfulpassengernotturningup,allowingmetorelocatetoanaisleseatwheretheonlydangerisbeinghitbythetrolley.

Smallcarsareimpossible—Ihavetodrivewithmyheadthroughthesunroof.WestEndtheatersarehopelesslycramped.Asbeforeincricketgrounds:Iwouldundernocircumstancespay£80foraplasticbucketseatataTestmatch,whereIwouldbewedgeduneasilybetweentwoloud,red-trouseredmerchantbankerssippingwarmchampagne.Asforthoseappallingpinebedswithfootboards,usuallyfoundinabsurdlysmallhotelroomswhereIinvariablygetstuckinthetoiletbecausethedoorwon’topenwithmeinside,theyshouldbebannedimmediately.

Ourextraheightgenerallymeansextraweight.USdatashowthatbaseballplayersareonaverage3inchestallerand2stonesheavierthantheywereacenturyago—andthesearethesuperfitguys.OtherdatasuggestordinaryAmericanshaveadded2.54cmand12.6kginthepast50yearsalone.Weareallgiantsnow—orwillbesoon.Asarepresentativeofthisnewbreed,Iwouldsayjustonething:bewaregardenfurniture.Itappearstobemadeforgnomes.Iroutinelyremovepleasant-lookingbutwhollyimpracticalcanechairs,andonce,whileinterviewingtheactressJennySeagrove,snappedthestringsofahammock-typechairinhergarden.Itisnoteasytogetyourintervieweetotakeyouseriouslyafteryourvastbulkhasbeenplungedsuddenlyontotheirmanicuredlawn.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe（）.

2.WhatisthetoneofthewriterwhenheisdepictinghisrecenttravelinaneasyJetplane?

3.Accordingtothecontext,theword“gnomes”(Para.5)mightbe（）.

4.WhathappenedtothewriterwhilehewasinterviewingJennySeagrove?

问题1选项

A.PoorQualityofChairs

B.TroublewithBeingTall

C.EmbarrassmentofBeingRejected

D.DifficultiesinTakingPlanesandBuses

问题2选项

A.Angry.

B.Sarcastic.

C.Humorous.

D.Envious.

问题3选项

A.peopleofvastbulk

B.peopleofsmallsizes

C.representativesofAmericans

D.representativesofbaseballplayers

问题4选项

A.Hesuddenlyfelldownonthelawn.

B.Hepretendedtobeveryserious.

C.Hemadeafoolofhimselfonpurpose.

D.Hefailedtofinishhisinterview

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.结合全文内容可知，文章主要是作者描述自己个子高，身体重带来的麻烦，选项A,C,D均为由此带来的麻烦，选项B概括全面，所以作为标题最恰当。

2.根据关键词“easyjetplane”定位到第二段后半部分，作者提到飞机上的座位空间比一般的座位要小,如果不是因为某位体贴的乘客没有出现，使我可以坐在靠近过道的座位上，到下飞机的时候我可能会腰酸背痛,唯一的威胁就是会被手推车撞到。根据作者的描述可知，这是一种挖苦和嘲讽的语气。选项B正确。

3.作者在上文提到“Weareallgiants...bewaregardenfurniture.”我们现在都是巨人——或者即将成为巨人。但是要注意一件事:当心花园家具。说明花园家具不适用于大块头的人，那么可以推测，“gnomes”指体型较小的人。选项B正确。

4.根据最后一段的最后一句“Itisnoteasytogetyourintervieweetotakeyouseriouslyafteryourvastbulkhasbeenplungedsuddenlyontotheirmanicuredlawn.”在你的巨大身躯突然摔倒在他们修剪整齐的草坪上之后，让采访者认真对待你就不容易了。选项A符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

11.单选题

Somecriminalswereprinting（）dollarbillsuntiltheywerearrested.

问题1选项

A.decent

B.fake

C.patent

D.suspicious

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有些罪犯直到被逮捕吋还正在印刷伪造的美钞。

考查形容词辨析。decent像样的，相当不错的，正派的，得体的，相当好的；fake假的，伪造的，冒充的；patent专利的，显然的；suspicious可疑的，怀疑的，多疑的。故B符合句意。

12.单选题

Youmustreadbetweenthelinestogetthe（）meaning.

问题1选项

A.unanimous

B.underlying

C.ultimate

D.universal

【答案】B

【解析】词义辨析题。unanimous意见相同的,

全体一致的；underlying潜在的；ultimate最终的,

根本的；universal普遍的,

通用的。句意：你必须从字里行间去领会其深层含义。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

Aftertherecentscandalthepriestisexpectedtodothe（）thingandresignfromhisposition.

问题1选项

A.reticent

B.decent

C.innocent

D.descent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。reticent“沉默的；有保留的”；decent“正派的，得体的”；innocent“无辜的，清白的”；descent“除去……的气味”。句意：在最近的丑闻过后，这个神父希望能做一些正派的事情来挽回自己的位置。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Whichissafer-stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸铵),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactiononexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause（）.

3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat（）.

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

问题2选项

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

问题3选项

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

问题4选项

A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

问题5选项

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasurehadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.客观细节题。由D选项关键词“chemicalindustry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!（然而，坐飞机和在化工行业工作相比怎么样呢？不幸的是，前者的风险是后者的55倍！），说明在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。因此D选项“在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。”正确。A选项“在办公室工作比待在家里更安全”，B选项“乘公共交通工具去上班比在办公室工作更安全”，由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在办公室工作的风险是相同的，没有谁比谁更安全，所以A，B错误。由第一段最后一句theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome（化工行业工人的事故率比几乎任何人类活动都要低，几乎和待在家里一样安全），说明化工行业和待在家里一样安全，所以C选项“待在家里比在化工行业工作更安全”错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“reportedasnews”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.（化工行业的问题是，一旦出现问题，往往会导致附近居民死亡。这也使得化学事故具有新闻价值。），说明新闻报道化学事故是因为它们会导致人员死亡。因此B选项“它们经常造成生命损失”正确。A选项“它们非常罕见”，C选项“它们总是发生在大城市”和D选项“它们引起了所有读者的兴趣”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“faultofmanagement”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的，因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产。），说明由管理失误造成的化学事故发生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B选项“弗利克斯伯勒”正确。A选项“得克萨斯城”，C选项“塞维索”和D选项“墨西哥城”的事故不是因为管理失误造成的，所以A，C，D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“ammoniumnitrate”可以定位到文章第四段第二句ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.（因此，得克萨斯城的爆炸是由数吨硝酸铵引起的，大量储存硝酸铵是不安全的。），说明硝酸铵不能大量储存，另外文章第三段第四句TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.（得克萨斯城的肥料爆炸造成552人死亡。）说明造成得克萨斯城爆炸事故的硝酸铵是一种肥料。因此B选项“不能大量储存的化学肥料”正确。A选项“天然气，很容易着火”是墨西哥城火灾事故的原因，C选项“有毒物质，不能在人满为患地区使用”，由文章可知塞维索的事故是毒气造成的，D选项“燃料，它被储存在大的油箱里”在文中没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

5.推理判断题。由A选项关键词“repair”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的，因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产。），说明维修设备很重要，不能冒着风险在维修设备时继续生产。因此A选项“为了避免事故，我们不应该维修化工设施”错误。由B选项关键词“localauthorities”可以定位到文章第四段第四、五句TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.（塞维索事故表明，如果地方当局对其家门口的危险缺乏了解，将会发生什么。当毒气飘过城镇上空时，当地领导无法采取有效行动。），说明地方当局需要了解当地化工生产的情况。因此B选项“地方当局不应关心化学工业的生产”错误。由D选项关键词“tanks”可以定位到第四段倒数第三句Thefiresetoffachainreactiononexplodingstoragetanks.（大火引起储存罐爆炸的连锁反应。），说明储存罐里的天然气也会发生气体爆炸的事故。因此D选项“储存在大型储罐中的天然气总是安全的”错误。第四段列举了各种原因引发的事故，同时也相对应采取的措施，因此C选项“如果采取有效措施，所有这些事故都是可以避免或控制的”正确。

15.单选题

WhenyouwatchafootballgameonaSaturdayafternoon,youfeelsecureinyourknowledgeofwhatwillhappenwhenaplayerbootstheball.Itfirstgoesupandthenitconiesdown.That’showitis,was,andwillbe—unless...ifthekickersomedayshouldkicktheballsuchthatattheinstantitlefthistoeitweretravelingupwardatarateof11.2kilometerspersecond(25,000mhr).Wewouldfindthatwewouldnothavetoworryaboutapuntreturn,becausetheballsimplywouldnotcomedown.Thisparticularspeedistheescapevelocityofanobjectfromtheearth.Atthisspeed,anyobject,largeorsmall,willescapefromtheearthtosoarforeverupwarduntilcapturedbythegravitationalattractionofsomeotherplanetorheavenlybody.Atfirstthoughtitmightseemthataheavyobjectmightrequireagreaterinitialspeedtoescapefromthesurfaceoftheearththanalighterone,rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject.Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway.

Theconceptofescapevelocityappliestoobjectsassmallasatomsandmolecules.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedprimarilyofoxygenandnitrogen,anditcontainspracticallynotraceofhydrogenorhelium,thelightestelements.Alltheatomsofagastravelinrandommotionatveryhighspeeds,andthelessmassiveatomsandmoleculestravelatthegreatestspeeds.Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield.

Themoonhasaweakergravitationheldthantheearth.Theescapevelocityofanobjectonthemoonisabout2.4kilometerspersecond,andeventheheaviergaseshaveenoughspeedtoescapethemoon.Thisexplainswhywefindnoatmospherethere;anygasesthatmaybereleasednearthemoonquicklyescape.

1.Onlywhenaballexceeds11.2kmpersecondcanit（

）.

2.Inordertoescapefromtheearth,aheavierobject

（

）.

3.Heliumisnotfoundintheearth’satmospherebecause

（

）.

4.Thereisnoatmosphereonthemoonbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.reachotherplanets

B.makeagoal

C.escapefromtheearth

D.goupwards

问题2选项

A.demandsagreaterinitialspeedthanalighterone

B.demandsasgreataninitialspeedasalighterone

C.mustbemadelighterthanitsoriginalweight

D.hastoovercomeagreatergravitythanalighterone

问题3选项

A.itsmovingspeedwellexceeds11.2kmpersecond

B.itlefttheatmospherelongagoinsearchofanotherplanet

C.itsmovingspeedisnotgreatenoughtoreachtheatmosphere

D.itislighterandcannotbethrownupwards

问题4选项

A.itisdryandlifeless

B.ithasagreaterescapevelocity

C.nogasesareproducedbyitself

D.itcannotholdsuchgasesasoxygenandnitrogentoit

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句话提到“如果每秒11.2千米的速度能够让一个足球离开地球，那么也足够将一个保龄球（或一辆货车）送离地面”（Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway），因此选项C“逃离地球”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“为了离开地球，一个较重的物体……”。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到“物体下落的方式与物体的质量无关”（rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject），选项B“需要的初始速度与较轻物体的一样”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“地球大气中没有氦气的原因是……”。文章第二段提到地球的大气主要有氧和氮组成，几乎没有氢和氦，质量轻的其他速度超过了11.2千米每秒的临界值，因此它们没有停留在地球，而是在太空中（Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield），由此可以推测氦气的速度超过了11.2千米每秒，选项A符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“月球上没有大气的原因是……”。文章最后一段提到月球的引力比地球的引力小。月球上物体的逃逸速度是2.4千米每秒，即使是较重的气体也有足够的速度逃离月球，这就是为什么月球上没有大气的原因，由此可知选项D“它不能将氧和氮这样的气体留在里面”符合题意。

16.单选题

TheBritisharistocracyhadalwaysbeeninvolvedinindustrialization,especiallyinthedevelopmentofmining,canals,andrailways.Itnowshrewdlyassociateditselfwiththenewwaveofcommercialexpansion:mostbanksandinsurancecompanieshadalordtoaddtonetothemanagerialboard.Italsoshoredupitsfortunesbyastutemarriages,notablywiththenewaristocracyofwealthintheUnitedStates;thebest-knownexamplewasthemarriageofthedukeofMarlboroughtoConsueloVanderbilt.Bythesemeans,manyofthegreataristocraticestateswerepreserveddespiteagriculturaldecline.Buttheywereplaythingsaswellasenginesofwealth,andcametobetreatedassuch.Thearistocracycametobeknowntotheurbanpopulationchieflythroughtheirrepresentationinthepopularpressandmagazinesasmenandwomenofleisure:racing,hunting,shooting,andfishinginthecountry,gamblingandattendingtheseasoninLondon.Inapopulationforwhichleisurewasbecomingincreasinglyimportant,thisdidnotmakethearistocracyunpopular.

1.Inthesecondsentenceofthispassage,"hadalordtoaddtonetothemanagerialboard"meansthat______.

2.The“astutemarriages”inthepassagereferstomarriagesbetween______.

3.Judgingfromthecontentofthepassage,ConsueloVanderbiltwas______.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

问题1选项

A.thebanksandinsurancecompanieswouldhirealordontheboardtogiveadvicetotheirmanagement

B.havinglordsinvolvedinthemanagementgavethebanksorcompaniesaverygoodpublicimage

C.lordsworkedforthebanksandinsurancecompaniestobringinmoreprofits

D.ithadbecomeafashiontohavealordonthemanagerialboardofabankoracompany

问题2选项

A.BritisharistocracyandrichAmericanentrepreneurs

B.oldBritisharistocraticfamiliesandnewlyknightedaristocracyofwealth

C.aristocraticfamiliesandnewbusinessfamiliesofmoneyandenterprises

D.biglandlordfamiliesintheBritishcountrysideandrichAmericantycoonsofindustry

问题3选项

A.Male,andfromarichbusinessfamilyintheUnitedSates

B.Female,andfromaBritishwealthyfamilyofindustry

C.Male,andfromarichindustrialfamilyofBritain

D.Female,andfromanentrepreneurfamilyinAmerica

问题4选项

A.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsweretreatedasdecorationsinpubliclifeandwereusedtomakemoneybypress.

B.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsweretoysoftherichcapitalistsandweremadetoearnprofitsforthem.

C.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsactedasplaymatesofpeopleinpleasure-seekingsuchashunting,fishing,andshooting.

D.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratswerepopularfiguresinadvertisementsbecausetheylivedaleisurelylife.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.语义题。题干：在这段话的第二句中，“hadalordtoaddtonetothemanagementboard”的意思是_______。通过全文可知贵族“…theywereplaythingsaswellasenginesofwealth…”，让他们进入商界只是为了良好的公众形象。因此B选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：中所说的“精明的婚姻”是指_____。文中提到，贵族涉足商业的一种方式是银行和大企业管理层中有贵族任职，还有一种方式就是通过在美国和财富新贵结婚维持自己的财富。因此C选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：从这篇文章的内容判断，ConsueloVanderbilt是_______。根据关键词定位到第三句的实例，例证贵族也会通过精明的婚姻来维持财富，结婚对象是Duke“公爵”。因此D选项符合题意。

4.判断推理题。题干：下列哪种说法是对的？文中说到，贵族是受人摆布的人，又是创造财富的工具，与A选项符合。

17.单选题

Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest,holdsahugenumberofclimbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize,whichmayincludemonkeys,cats,civets,andporcupines.Smallerspecies,includingsuchrodentsasmiceandsmallsquirrels,arenotasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally.

Smallmammals,beingwarmblooded,sufferhardshipintheexposedandturbulentenvironmentoftheuppermosttrees.Becauseasmallbodyhasmoresurfaceareaperunitofweightthanalargeoneofsimilarshape,itgainsorlosesheatmoreswiftly.Thus,inthetrees,whereshelterfromheatandcoldmaybescarceandconditionsmayfluctuate,asmallmammalmayhavetroublemaintainingitsbodytemperature.

Smallsizemakesiteasytoscrambleamongtwigsandbranchesinthecanopyforinsects,flowers,orfruit,butsmallmammalsaresurpassed,inthecompetitionforfood,bylargeonesthathavetheirowntacticsforbrowsingamongfood-richtwigs.Theweightofagibbon(asmallape)hangingbelowabrancharchesthetermina