考研考博-英语-兰州理工大学考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州理工大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Obviouslyhehasdoneaveryterriblethingtoday,but（

）,hecan’tbeheldresponsibleinthecriminaljusticesystem.

问题1选项

A.justifiably

B.legally

C.reasonably

D.understandingly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显他今天做了件非常恐怖的事，但是法律上他无法被刑事司法制度判为有罪。justifiably“公平地”；legally“法律地”；reasonably“合理地”；understandingly“有理解力地”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Fertilizer,naturalsubstanceormixtureisusedto（）soilsoastopromoteplantgrowth.

问题1选项

A.enact

B.enlarge

C.enclose

D.enrich

【答案】D

【解析】句意:肥料、自然物质或混合物被用来使土地肥沃,以促进植物生长。

考查动词辨析。Enact通过(法律),扮演,担任…角色;enlarge扩大,扩充,扩展;enclose围绕,放入封套;enrich使充实,使肥沃,使富足。故D符合句意。

3.单选题

（）,thegirlranoutoftheroom.

问题1选项

A.Havingtearsinhereyesandturnedsuddenly

B.Withasuddenturn,tearfuleyes

C.Withtearsinhereyesandsuddenlyturning

D.Turningsuddenly,withtearsinhereyes

【答案】D

【解析】考查伴随状语，女孩应该是先转身然后再跑出房间，B、C选项都是伴随状语，B选项应该还有and连接才是对的，应该改为withasuddenturnandtearfuleyes，C选项应该改为withtearsinhereyesandasuddenturn。综上所述，D选项正确。

4.单选题

Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainaloneaboutHK$3,000,000’sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.ThisamountstosomethinglikeHK$150millionayear,andrepresentsabout4percentoftheshops’totalstock.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.

Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevision,two-waymirrorsandvariousothertechnologicaldevices,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.

Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhois,sotospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.

Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofshop-lifterisrarelypoor.Hedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthem.Hestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.Whencaught,allareliabletoprosecution,andthedecisionwhethertosendforthepoliceornotisinthehandsofthestoremanager.

Inordertopreventthequiteincrediblegrowthinship-liftingof-fences,somestores,infact,aredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemis,perhaps,thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinanotherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!

1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?

2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,law-abidingcitizens

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?

5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thereisa“shrinkage”inmarketvalues.

B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.

C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.

D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.

问题2选项

A.arementallyill

B.arequiteabsent-minded

C.cannotresistthetemptation

D.cannotaffordtopayforgoods

问题3选项

A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty

B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying

C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets

D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings

问题4选项

A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessionals.

B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.

C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesarepoor.

D.Theprofessionalsdon’tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.

问题5选项

A."theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestores"

B.somepeople"simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops"

C."thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices"

D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.（由于商店所说的“收缩”，诚实的公众不得不支付更高的价格）可知是“shrinkage”是原因，“shrinkage”是指前面的shop-lifting（店内盗窃）导致商场的损失，为了

弥补损失，因此诚实的顾客需要比以前付出更高的价格，因此选D。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.（店内盗窃可分为三大类：专业窃贼，深思熟虑的业余窃贼和那些无法控制自己的窃贼）可知C选项“抵挡不住诱惑”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.（还有数不清的其他人，由于年龄、疾病或明显的心不在焉，干脆忘了为他们从商店拿走的东西买单）可知B选项“可能没付钱就拿走商品”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.（专业窃贼倾向于在安全措施最严格的部分商店购买高价值商品。而且，在任何情况下，它们只占因盗窃而造成的总损失的一小部分）可知A选项“总损失的大部分是由专业窃贼造成的”不正确，注意题干中问的是“NOTtrue”，因此选A。

5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.（这是又一个例子，无辜的大多数因为少数人的行为而受到惩罚和不便。由于每百万名乘客中就有一名乘客携带武器登上飞机，因此其他999，999名乘客必须接受搜查和延误）可知此处指“店内盗窃”与“飞机劫持事件”所带来的后果在本质上一样的，耽误了多数守法的人的时间，损害了他们的利益，因此选C。

5.单选题

ThemyththatUnitedStatesisnotopentoconcernsfromoutsidehasbeen______atastroke.

问题1选项

A.demolished

B.precluded

C.kindled

D.hampered

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项demolish“拆除，破坏，推翻，驳倒”，B项preclude“排除，妨碍，阻止”，C项kindle“点燃，着火，激起，照亮”，D项hamper“妨碍，束缚，使困累”。由myth“神话”和atastroke“一下子”可知，“推翻”符合语境。句意：美国不会对外开放的神话一下子就被推翻了。因此，该题选择A项正确。

6.单选题

Fool（）Janeis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing.

问题1选项

A.who

B.as

C.that

D.like

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词和代词辨析。A选项who“谁；什么人”；B选项as“如同，像……一样；虽然”；C选项that没有实意；D选项like“像，如同”。由本句前后语义关系可知，前半句应该是一个让步状语从句。句意：尽管吉英很蠢，她也不会做出这种事来。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Ihappenedtobecaughtinashower.Itwasjustacoupleofminutes（）Iwaswetthrough.

问题1选项

A.before

B.since

C.that

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查时态。A选项before“在……之前”，说明两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系，句子一般用过去时，例如：Shedidn’tunderstandmebeforeIexplainedittoher.（在我向她解释之前，她不理解我的意思。）；B选项since“自……以来”，通常与现在完成时连用，例如：Heleftthevillagein1982andIhaven’tseenhimsincethen.（1982年他离开这个村子，从那以后，我没再见过他。）；C选项that“那个”，做代词或引导从句，这里在名词后应该引导定语从句或者同位语从句，在此题中不适用，排除C选项。D选项until“直到……时候”，不符合句意，排除D选项。句意：我碰巧遇上阵雨了。只过了几分钟我就浑身湿透了。综上所述，A选项符合题意。

8.单选题

TheBenefitsofNewUrbanism

(1)Newurbanismisthemostimportantplanningmovementinthiscentury,andisaboutcreatingabetterfutureforusall.Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.Newurbanismistherevivalofourlostartofplace-making,andisessentiallyare-orderingofthebuiltenvironmentintotheformofcompletecities,towns,villages,andneighborhoods—thewaycommunitieshavebeenbuiltforcenturiesaroundtheworld.Newurbanisminvolvesfixingandinfillingcities,aswellasthecreationofcompactnewtownsandvillages.Thebenefitsofnewurbanismareasfollows:

BenefitstoResidents

(2)Higherqualityoflife;betterplacesinwhichtolive,work,andplay;morestablepropertyvalues;lesstrafficcongestionandlessdriving;healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress;closeproximitytomainstreetretailandservices;closeproximitytobiketrail,parks,andnature;pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown,resultinginmeaningfulrelationshipswithmorepeople,andfriendliertown;morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem;greatsavingstoresidentsandschoolboardsinreducedbusingcostsfromchildrenbeingabletowalkorbicycletoneighborhoodschools;morediversityandsmaller,uniqueshopsandserviceswithlocalownerswhoareinvolvedincommunity;bigsavingsbydrivingless,andowninglesscars;lessugly,congestedsprawltodealwithdaily;bettersenseofplaceandcommunityidentitywithmoreuniquearchitecture;moreopenspacetoenjoythatwillremainopenspace;moreefficientuseoftaxmoneywithlessspentonutilitiesandroadsusedforthesprawl.

BenefitstoBusinesses

(3)Increasedsalesduetomorefoottrafficandpeoplespendinglessoncarsandgas;moreprofitsduetospendinglessonadvertisingandlargesigns;betterlifestylebylivingnearworkunitssavesthestressfulandcostlycommute;economiesofscaleinmarketingduetocloseproximityandcooperationwithotherlocalbusinessincubation;lowerrentsduetosmallerspacesandsmallerparkinglots;healthierlifestyleduetomorewalkingandbeingnearhealthierrestaurants;morecommunityinvolvementfrombeingpartofcommunityandknowingresidents.

(4)BenefitstoDevelopers.Moreincomepotentialfromhigherdensitymixed-useprojectsduetomoreleasablesquarefootage,moresalespersquarefoot,andhigherpropertyvaluesandsellingprices;fasterapprovalsincommunitiesthathaveadoptedsmartgrowthprinciplesresultingincost/timesayings:costsavingsinparkingfacilitiesinmixed-usepropertiesduetosharingofspacesthroughoutthedayandnight,resultinginlessduplicationinprovidingparking;lessneedforparkingfacilitiesduetomixofresidencesandcommercialuseswithinwalkingdistanceofeachother;lessimpactonroads/traffic,whichcanresultinlowerimpactfees;lowercostofutilitiesduetocompactnatureofnewurbanistdesign;fasterselloutduetogreateracceptancebyconsumersfromawiderproductrangeresultinginwidermarketshare.

BenefitstoMunicipalities

(5)Stable,appreciatingtaxbase;lessspentpercapitaoninfrastructureandutilitiesthantypicalsuburbandevelopmentduetocompacthigh-densitynatureofprojects;increasedtaxbaseduetomorebuildingspackedintoatighterarea;lesstrafficcongestionduetowalkabilityofdesign;lesscrimeandlessmoneyspentonpoliceduetothepresenceofmorepeopledayandnight;betteroverallcommunityimageandsenseofplace;lessincentivetosprawlwhenurbancoreareaisdesirable;easytoinstalltransitwhereit’snot,andimproveitwhereitis;greatercivicinvolvementofpopulationleadingtobettergovernance.

(6)Themosteffectivewaytoimplementnewurbanismittoplanforit,andwriteitintozoninganddevelopmentcodes.Thisdirectsallfuturedevelopmentintothisform.

(7)Increasingly,regionalplanningtechniquesarebeingusedtocontrolandshapegrowthintocompact,high-density,mixed-useneighborhoods,villages,towns,andcities.Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD).Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.

(8)Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.Italsopreventscongestionproblemsandtheenvironmentaldegradationnormallyassociatedwithgrowth.

(9)Therearesomeobstaclesinimplementationofnewurbanism.Themostimportantobstacletoovercomeistherestrictiveandincorrectzoningcodescurrentlyinforceinmostmunicipalities.Currentcodesdonotallownewurbanismtobebuilt,butdoallowsprawl.

(10)AnequallyimportantobstacleisthecontinuousroadbuildingandexpansiontakingplaceineverycommunityacrossAmerica.Thisencouragesmoredrivingandmoresprawlwhichhasadominoeffectonincreasingtrafficcongestionacrosstheregion.Haltingroadprojectsandbuildingnewtrainsystemcanhelpreversethisproblematictrend.

1.Apedestrianstreetisastreet（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenewurbanismemphasizes（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanBESTsummarizethebenefitsofnewurbanismtoresidents?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Topreservetheenvironment,newurbanismlaysstresson（）.

问题1选项

A.suitableforbicycling

B.suitableforwalking

C.designedforpedals

D.designedforscooters

问题2选项

A.theexpansionofurbanareas

B.theartisticdecorationofnewly-builtbuildings

C.theimprovementofthebuiltenvironment

D.theenvironmentalpreservation

问题3选项

A.Compactnessincivicstructure,conveniencesandeconomiesinlife.

B.Betterrelationshipswithmorepeopleandafriendliertown.

C.Easyshoppingandmoreservicesthatreducebusingcosts.

D.Walkability,healthierlifestyleandmorefreedom.

问题4选项

A.Newurbanismlikestodesignmoreroadsinordertofacilitatethetraffic.

B.Newurbanismfavorsthetransportationwithnewrailwaysystems.

C.Newurbanistplannersopposetopedestrianfriendlydesign.

D.Newurbanistplannersdonotsupporttheinfilldevelopment.

问题5选项

A.thereductionoffactories

B.thesprawlofthecity

C.thelesseningoftrafficjams

D.thecompactgrowthoftheurbanarea

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社区提供了更多的机会去认识邻里和城镇中的其他人），说明pedestrianstreet是对行人友好的社区。因此B选项“适合行走”正确。A选项“适合骑自行车”，C选项“为脚踏车设计”和D选项“为小型摩托车设计”都不是指步行，所以A，C，D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.（它是一场改革建筑环境设计的国际运动，是通过创造更好的居住场所来提高我们的生活质量和生活水平。），说明新城市主义强调对居住环境的改善。因此C选项“改善建筑环境”正确。A选项“城市地区的扩张”，B选项“新建筑的艺术装饰”和D选项“环境保护”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，D错误。

3.主旨大意题。根据题干关键词“residents”可以定位到文章第二段，healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress（更健康的生活方式，更多的步行和更少的压力）说明新城市主义对居民健康生活方式的好处；pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社区提供了更多的机会去认识邻里和城镇中的其他人）说明了新城市主义注重人的步行友好性；morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem（让孩子、老人和穷人有更多的自由和独立，他们有能力去工作、娱乐和服务，而不需要搭乘汽车或别人给他们开车）说明了新城市主义为居民带来了更多的自由。因此D选项“适合步行，更健康的生活方式和更多的自由。”最能概括新城市主义为居民带来的好处。A选项“城市结构的紧凑，生活的便利和经济”中城市结构的紧凑是对城市的好处，所以A错误。B选项“更好的人际关系和更友好的城市”，C选项“方便的购物和更多的服务，减少巴士费用”都只是对居民带来好处的一部分，不能完整概括新城市主义为居民带来的好处，所以B，C错误。

4.客观细节题。由B选项关键词“railwaysystems”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment.（规划新的铁路系统——而不是更多的道路——如果设计与区域土地规划相协调，就会产生最好的效果。），说明新城市主义注重于新的铁路系统规划。因此B选项“新城市主义用新的铁路系统促进交通。”正确。由A选项关键词“moreroads”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresults（规划新的铁路系统——而不是修建更多的公路能带来最好的结果），说明新城市主义不主张修建更多的公路。因此A选项“新城市主义喜欢设计更多的道路，以方便交通。”不符合原文。由C选项关键词“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社区提供了更多的机会去认识邻里和城镇中的其他人），说明新城市主义者注重行人友好性。因此C选项“新城市主义规划师反对行人友好的设计。”不符合原文。由D选项关键词“infilldevelopment”可以定位到第七段最后一句Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.（与此同时，城市地区的振兴引导和鼓励对城市中心的填充式开发。），说明新城市主义者是支持“infilldevelopment”的。因此D选项“新城市主义规划师不支持填充开发。”不符合原文。

5.客观细节题。由题干关键词“environment”可以定位到第八段第一句Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.（紧凑发展的规划，而不是让它向外扩张，有可能极大地提高环境质量。），说明为了保护环境，新城市主义强调的是紧凑发展的规划。因此D选项“城市区域的紧凑发展”正确。A选项“工厂的减少”，B选项“城市的扩张”和C选项“交通堵塞的减轻”都和保护环境无关，所以A，B，C错误。

9.单选题

Thenewtouristhotelissaidtohave

foroveronethousandguests.

问题1选项

A.convenience

B.capacities

C.accommodations

D.capability

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。convenience“方便”；capacities“容量；能力”；accommodations“住房，住宿”；capability“才能，能力”。句意：据说这家新的旅游旅馆能容纳一千多名客人。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Publicspeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread.Humiliationisthegreatestfear;self-exposureandfailingtoappealtotheaudiencecomeaclosesecond.Womenhateitmost,sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds.

Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.Ifyouwereunderpressuretobeperfect,youareterrifiedoffallinginthemostpublicofways.

Extroverts,onthecontrary,willfeellessfearbeforetheordeal.Itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.WhenImettheBritishcomedianJulianClary,hewasshyandcautious,yethisTVperformancesareperfect.

Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife,thekeyseemstobetoactyourself.

Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.Whilepoliticiansmaylimitdamagebyhavingcarefullyrehearsed,writtenscriptstospeakfrom,thereisalwaysahiddenawarenessamongtheaudiencethatthewordsmightnotbetrue.

Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.

Although,asEarlSpencerprovedathissisterPrincessDiana’sfuneral,itispossiblebothtoprepareeverywordandtoactnaturally.Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.

But,beingyourselfdoesn’tworkeither.Ifyouspokeasifyouwereinyourownkitchen,itwouldbetooauthentic,toounawareoftheneedtocommunicatewithanaudience.

IremembergoingtoseeBritishpsychiatristR.D.Laingspeakinpublic.Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.

Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.Studiessuggestthatthisstateof“flow”,aspsychologistscallit,isverysatisfying.

1.Womenhatepublicspeakingmostmainlybecauseof（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sviewpoint?

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewonpersonality?

4.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat（）.

问题1选项

A.theirupbringingveryearlyon

B.theirinabilitytoappealtotheaudience

C.theirsenseofgreaterpublicpressure

D.theirsenseofgreaterhumiliation

问题2选项

A.Actinglikeperformersspoilsthemessageinaspeech.

B.Perfectionofscriptsisnecessaryinmakinggoodimpressions.

C.Actingnaturallymeanslessdependenceonthepreparedscript.

D.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenactualactingandactingnaturally.

问题3选项

A.Personalityisthekeytosuccessinpublicspeaking.

B.Extrovertsarebetterpublicspeakers.

C.Introvertshavetolearnhardertobegoodspeakers.

D.Factorsotherthanpersonalityensurebetterperformance.

问题4选项

A.youforgetaboutyournervousness

B.youfeelnaturalandspeaknaturally

C.youmayfeelnervous,butappearnaturally

D.youmayimagineyourselftobenatural

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Womenhatepublicspeakingmostmainlybecauseof______.1.女性讨厌公开演讲主要是因为______。

A.theirupbringingveryearlyonA.她们很早就受到了教育

B.theirinabilitytoappealtotheaudienceB.她们无法吸引观众

C.theirsenseofgreaterpublicpressureC.她们感到更大的公众压力

D.theirsenseofgreaterhumiliationD.她们更大的屈辱感

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句“女性最讨厌它，因为女孩从小就受到压力，要关注各种仪表（sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds）”，从中可知，女性讨厌公开演讲的原因是，她们感到更大的压力，C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“她们很早就受到了教育”和B项“她们无法吸引观众”没有提到，无中生有；

D项“她们更大的屈辱感”不只针对女性而言，该项曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sviewpoint?2.以下哪项不是作者的观点？

A.Actinglikeperformersspoilsthemessageinaspeech.A.像演员一样演讲破坏了演讲的要旨。

B.Perfectionofscriptsisnecessaryinmakinggoodimpressions.B.为了给人留下好的印象，完美的脚本是必要的。

C.Actingnaturallymeanslessdependenceonthepreparedscript.C.自然地演讲意味着减少对准备好的脚本的依赖。

D.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenactualactingandactingnaturally.D.在真实的演讲和自然的演讲之间应该有一个平衡。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据倒数第四段最后一句“脚本很少起作用，它被用来帮助大多数演讲者”，从中可知，脚本在实际演讲中的作用很少，所以完美的脚本并不重要，故B项“为了给人留下好的印象，完美的脚本是必要的”不符合题意。该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“像演员一样演讲破坏了演讲的要旨”，根据第五段的内容“真正的演讲，如果像表演一个角色的脚本台词，而不是你自己的话，并不能完成任务。尽管政客们可能会通过仔细排练、写好演讲稿来限制损失，但观众中总有一种隐性意识，那就是这些话可能不是真的。”，可知，像一个演员一样做演讲脱离了演讲的实际目的，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；

C项“自然地演讲意味着减少对准备好的脚本的依赖”，根据第七段最后一句“脚本很少起作用，它被用来帮助大多数演讲者”可知，该项也符合原文，属于反向干扰；

D项“在真实的演讲和自然的演讲之间应该有一个平衡”，根据最后一段的内容“演讲的最佳心理状态是无意识的自我意识，有一种表面看起来很自然的假象”可知，该项也符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewonpersonality?3.作者对性格的看法是什么？

A.Personalityisthekeytosuccessinpublicspeaking.A.性格是公众演讲成功的关键。

B.Extrovertsarebetterpublicspeakers.B.外向的人更擅长演讲。

C.Introvertshavetolearnhardertobegoodspeakers.C.内向的人要想成为一名优秀的演讲者就必须更加努力地学习。

D.Factorsotherthanpersonalityensurebetterperformance.D.性格之外的其他因素保证了更好的表现。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第四段“事实上，性格并不能很好地预测谁能做好这件事。不管你在现实生活中是什么样的人，关键似乎是做你自己。”，从中可知，作者认为性格并不能表明谁做得更好，那么推断，性格之外的其他因素能使人在演讲中有更好的表现。D项意思与之相符，D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“性格是公众演讲成功的关键”，根据解题思路可知，该项反向干扰；

B项“外向的人更擅长演讲”，根据第三段前两句“相反，外向的人在面对考验时不会那么害怕。这并不意味着他们一定会做得更好。”，可知该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

C项“内向的人要想成为一名优秀的演讲者就必须更加努力地学习”没有提到，无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat______.4.在最后一段，作者建议______。

A.youforgetaboutyournervousnessA.忘记你的紧张

B.youfeelnaturalandspeaknaturallyB.感觉自然，说话自然

C.youmayfeelnervous,butappearnaturallyC.你可能会感到紧张，但表现得自然点

D.youmayimagineyourselftobenaturalD.你可以想象自己很自然

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章最后一段第一句“从心理上说，演讲的最佳心理状态是无意识的自我意识，有一种表面看起来很自然的假象（providingtheillusionofbeingnatural）。”，从theillusionofbeingnatural可知，作者建议即使可能你的内心很紧张，在演讲时也要表现得很自然。C项“你可能会感到紧张，但表现得自然点”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“忘记你的紧张”、B项“感觉自然，说话自然”和D项“你可以想象自己很自然”根据解题思路可知，这三项都曲解原文。

11.单选题

Inaprimaryschool,achildisinacomparativelysimplesettingandmostoftheformsarelationshipwithonefamiliarteacher.Onenteringsecondaryschool,anewworldopensupandfrequentlyitisamuchmoredifficultworld.Thepupilsoonlearnstobelessfreeinthewayhespeakstoteachersandeventohisfellowuppupils.Hebeginstolosegraduallythefreeandeasywaysoftheprimaryschool,forhesensestheneedforamorecautiousapproachinthesecondaryschoolwherethereareolderpupils.Secondarystaffandpupilssufferfromthepressureofacademicworkandseemtohavelesstimetostopandtalk.Teacherswithspecialistrolesmayseehundredsofchildreninaweek,andapupilmaybeabletoformrelationshipwithveryfewofthestaff.Hehastodecidewhichadultsareapproachable;goodschoolswillmakecleartoeveryyoungpersonfromthefirstyearwhatguidanceandpersonalhelpisavailablebutwhethertherealityoflifeintheinstitutionactuallyencouragesrequestsforhelpisanothermatters.

Adultsoftenforgetwhataconfusingpictureschoolcanoffertoachild.Heseesagreatdealofmovement,agreatnumberofpeople-oftenratherfrightening-lookingpeople-andrealizesthatanincreasingnumberofchoicesanddecisionhavetobemade.Asheprogressesthroughtheschooltheconfusionmaybecomelessbutthechoicesanddecisionsrequiredwillincrease.Theschoolwillrightlyexpectthepupiltotakethefirststepstoobtainthehelpheneeds,forthisisthepatternofadultlifeforwhichhehastobeprepared,butallthetimetheopportunitypersonalandgroupadvicemustbepresentedinawaywhichmakesthemeasytounderstandandwithineasyreachofpupils.

1.Accordingtothepassageoneoftheproblemsforpupilsenteringsecondaryschoolsisthat

（

）

2.Insecondaryschoolseverypupilhavingproblemsshould（

）.

3.Inthispassageaboutsecondaryschools,theauthorismainlyconcernedabout（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theyaretaughtbymanydifferentteachers

B.theydonotattendlessonsineverysubject

C.theteachersdonotwanttobefriendly

D.theteachersgivemostattentiontothemoreacademicpupils

问题2选项

A.knowhowtoaskforhelp

B.befreefromanypressureofacademicwork

C.toabletodiscusshisproblemsinclass

D.beabletodiscusshisproblemswithanyteacher

问题3选项

A.academicstandards

B.theroleofspecialistteachers

C.thetrainingoftheindividualteachers

D.thepersonaldevelopmentofpupils

问题4选项

A.Pupilswillformrelationshipwitholdpupilsratherthanteachers.

B.Thesettingoftheprimaryschooliscomparativelysimplerthanthatofthesecondaryschool.

C.Alltheteachersinthesecondaryschoolareratherfrightening-looking.

D.Pupilshaveopportunitiestogethelpfromanyteacherinthesecondaryschool.

问题5选项

A.Thedifferencebetweentheprimaryschoolandthesecondaryschool.

B.Themethodthatpupilsgethelpfromtheteachers.

C.Thepersonaldevelopmentofthepupilsinthesecondaryschool.

D.Thefunctionofthesecondaryschool.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段teacherswithspecialistrolesmayseehundredsofchildreninaweek,andapupilmaybeabletoformrelationshipwithveryfewofthestaff提到老师每周要与几百个孩