考研考博-英语-兰州城市学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州城市学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatUSpublicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.

Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa’srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.

Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon’thavetheskillstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.

Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.

Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthatprivateones.Itwastheunder-performingstudentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.

Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.

Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women’sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.

Alsoaroundthattime,regulationgovernmentandunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucraticstandardforadvancement.Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,conflisingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucraciesregularlyrewritecurriculum,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevenmoreadministrators.Theendresulthasbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducationsalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.

1.WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica'spubliceducation?

2.Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?

3.Whatwasthesignificantcontributortothepastgloryofpublicschools?

4.Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?

问题1选项

A.Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.

B.Publicschoolslacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.

C.Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspending.

D.Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.

问题2选项

A.Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschool'sneeds.

B.Skilledstudentsaremovingtoprivateschools.

C.Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.

D.Trainingofstudents'basicskillsisneglected.

问题3选项

A.Well-behavedstudents

B.Talentedwomenteachers

C.Efficientadministration

D.Generouspayforteachers

问题4选项

A.Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen’sliberation.

B.Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.

C.Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.

D.Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.

问题5选项

A.Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.

B.Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.

C.Students'improvedacademicperformance.

D.Anever-growingnumberofadministration

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题目问的是“我们能够从各种关于美国公共教育的研究中学到什么？”文中第一段最后一句话提到学生并未在能力考试中展现出学识有所增长（Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests）,这是为了说明“教育没有得到改善”，由此可看出能力测试一定程度上反映了教学质量，因此选项A的表述是错误的，排除；第四段提到了公立学校和私立学校之争，但未明确指出公立学校是因为资源短缺而流失优等生，因此选项B表述不正确，排除；第一段第二句提到美国公立学校教职工数量的增长速度约是学生的两倍(staffandteachers...grow…twiceasfastasstudents),因此选项D表述错误，排除。综上，选项C符合题意。

第2题:2.细节事实题。题目问的是“一些人是如何解释公共教育的衰退的？”文章第四段提到一些人简单地将公共教育体系的衰退归因于私立学校将高素质的学生招走（Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork），由此可知选项B符合题意。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题目问的是“公立学校过去辉煌的原因是什么？”文章第六段提到公立学校表现出色的一个突出原因是许多高素质的女性除了当老师或护士之外，几乎没有其他工作，她们接受了相对较低的工资和艰苦的工作条件，并尽了最大的努力（Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest）。由此可知选项B符合题意。

第4题:4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么一些最优秀的女教师会离开教学岗位？”文章倒数第二段提到妇女解放为妇女开辟了新的职业机会，随着时间的推移，一些最好的女教师离开了这个职业，导致教育质量下降（Women’sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling），因此可知选项A符合题意。

第5题:5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者认为政府参与教育的结果之一是什么？”文章最后一段第一、二句提到政府和工会开始制定规章制度，规定工资，防止调整，并引入晋升的官僚标准（Alsoaroundthattime,regulationgovernmentandunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucraticstandardforadvancement），以及后面的Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,conflisingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucraciesregularlyrewritecurriculum,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevenmoreadministrators，可以看出政府采取的一系列措施，使得学校的管理人员在不断增加，因此选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Thelampwouldnotworkbecauseofa（

）intheswitch.

问题1选项

A.defect

B.blot

C.foul

D.shortcoming

【答案】A

【解析】句意:由于开关有问题，所以台灯不亮。

考查名词辨析。Defect缺陷,不足;blot污点;foul犯规;shortcoming缺点,短处,多形容人。故A符合句意。

3.写作题

Inthecurrentjobmarket,universitygraduatesarehavingahardtimefindingjobswhilemanyemployersarecomplainingabouttheshortageofworkhands.Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsanalyzingthephenomenon.YouressayshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.

【答案】WhyAreUniversityGraduatesHavingaHardTimeFindingJobs?4.单选题

Alltheevidence（）thathestolethemoney.

问题1选项

A.recommends

B.proposes

C.suggests

D.advises

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项recommend“建议、推荐”，B项propose“建议、打算、求婚”，C项suggest“提议、显示、暗示”，D项advise“劝告、忠告”；句意：所有的证据都显示是他偷了钱。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

（）oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.

问题1选项

A.Tobefree

B.Tofree

C.Freeing

D.Freed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:摆脱了冰块的负担之后，气球向上朝南方飘去。

语法题。考查非谓语动词。句子的后半部分已经完整，因此空格处应填入动词的非谓语形式，前半部分作为整句的状语。句子的主语是“气球”，动词free与其之间是被动关系，故选D项。

6.翻译题

Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Theman,who,inoldage,canseehislifeinthisway,willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath,sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue.Andif,withthedecayofvitality,wearinessincreases,thethoughtofrestwillnotbeunwelcome.Ishouldwishtodiewhilestillatwork,knowingthatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdoandcontentinthethoughtthatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone.

【答案】参考译文：

一个人的存在应该像一条河流——开始是涓涓细流，被限制在狭窄的河岸之间，然后热情奔放地冲过岩石，越过瀑布。渐渐地，河面变宽了，河岸也远去，河水流动得更加平静。最后，它没有间断地融入了大海，而后便毫无痛苦地消失了自我。能够这样理解自己一生的老人，就不会因害怕死亡而痛苦，因为他所珍爱的一切都会继续存在下去。而且，随着精力的衰退，倦意的增加，长眠的想法并不是不受欢迎的。我希望死于尚能劳作之时，知道别人会继续我未竟的事业，一想到能做的事都做了，就感到满足。

7.单选题

LuisFigueroalivesdownthestreetfromUCMerced,thenewestcampusintheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.Soit’snotsurprisingthatthe21yearsoldstudiesfromthecomfortofhisownhome.Buthe’snotenrolledatMerced:fromhisliving-roomcomputer,Figueroaisearninghisbachelor’sdegreeinbusinessadministrationatColumbiaCollegeinMissouri,some2,000milesaway.At$630percourse—about$1,800persemester—hisonlinedegreewillcostfarlessthanevenin-statetuitionatUC.Notonlythat,Figueroaisabletocontinueworkingfulltimeinamanagement-trainingjobwithAT&TinMerced,ajobhefeelsluckytohaveinthecurrenteconomicclimate.“OnceIrealizedIhadtimeconstraints,Iknewthetraditionalclassroomwouldn’twork,”hesays.“Coursesonlineareopen24hoursaday,andI’mabletogothereanytimeIwant.”

Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.Thesamestudyfoundthatonlineenrollmentisgrowingataratemorethan10timesthatofthehigher-educationpopulationatlarge—12.9percentvs.1.2percentfortraditionalinseatstudents.NowhereisthegrowthfasterthanamongyoungerstudentslikeFigueroawhoareoptingforonlinelearning,evenwhenthetraditionalclassroomis—inhiscase—rightoutsidethefrontdoor.“Thisisagenerationthatlivesonline,”saysVickyPhillips,founderandCEOofG,aservicethatranksonlinelearninginstitutions.“Everythingisinstant,accelerated,andaccessible,andtheyexpecttheireducationtobethatwaytoo.Forthemthereisnoclearlinebetweenthevirtualworldandtheactualworld.”

Oncetargetedatolder,workingadults,distancelearninghasmovedintotheeducationmainstreamatstunningspeedoverthepastcoupleofyears,astechnologyallowsever-richer,more-interactivelearningexperienceonline—andascollegecostscontinuetoriseandclassroomsarepackedtocapacity.Fortraditionalbrick-and-mortarinstitutions,thathasmeantascrambletoenteralucrativemarketthatusedtobetheexclusiveterritoryoffor-profitinstitutionssuchastheUniversityofPhoenixandKaplanUniversity.Establishedbrand-nameeducators—includingStanford,Cornell,PennState,andMIT,whichhasplaceditsentirecurriculumonlinethroughitsOpenCoursewareprogram—nowofferextensiveonlinelearningoptionsandarecompetingwiththefor-profitsforstudents.“Thestigmaisgone,”saysPhillips.“Onlinelearninghasreachedmassculturalacceptance.It’snolongertheuglystepsisterofthehigher-educationworld.”

Onlineofferingsthesedayscansometimesevensurpasstheclassroomexperience.AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.MeetinginSecondLifeinsteadofaphysicalclassroom,saysWalsh,allowsforsomefeatsthatgravityrendersimpossible,likehavingart-historystudentsflytotheceilingoftheSistineChapelorbiologymajorstotakeaMagicSchoolbus-liketripthroughthehumanbody.Usingvideos,podcasts,livechats,Webcams,andwikis,educatorsincreasinglyseeonlinelearningasawaytoengagethevideogamegenerationwithpedagogythatfeelsmorelikeentertainmentthandrudgery.Studentsinthenewhomeland-securitymaster’sdegreeprogramattheUniversityofConnecticutthisfall,forexample,willhavecourseworkthatresemblesGrandTheftAuto:dwellinginacyber-citycalledSanLuisReyplaguedwithsuicidebombers,biochemicalattacks,andotherdisasters.AtArizonaState,studentsinanIntroductiontoParentingclassraisea“virtualchild”.Theyhavetoposttheprogressoftheironlinechargethroughallthephasesofchildhood.“Theclassesaresomuchmoreinteractive,andIcanlogonwhenI’mmostreadytolearn,”saysJaquelynHolleran,ajuniormajoringinfamilyandhumandevelopmentatASU.“Ilikethatsomuchbetterthanhavingtorushtoclassorsitthroughalecturethat’sboring.”

Asthelargestgenerationsincethebabyboomattendscollegeatatimeofshrinkingbudgetsandsoaringcosts,manyeducatorsbelievethatonlinelearningholdsthegreatestpromiseforexpandingthecapacityoftheU.S.higher-educationsystem.AnddigitalclassroomswillsurelyplayanimportantroleinhelpingtheObamaadministrationpursueitsgoalofraisingthepercentageofcollegegraduatesintheU.S.tofirstintheworldby2020(atleast10othercountriesnowstandintheway).Thesurgeinstudentswithjobsandfamilies,andthoseinthemilitary,hasalsocausedonlineenrollmentstosoar.SarahGerke,anArmyprivatestationedinIraq,keepsupwithhercourseworkatColumbiaCollegeinMissouri,despitetheoccasionalbombing.“EvenifIcouldattendinperson,”shewritesinane-mailfromCampLiberty,“IthinkIwouldstickwithonlineclassesfortheconvenience.”

ForpublicinstitutionssuchastheUniversityofMichiganandtheUniversityofMassachusetts,onlinelearningnotonlyextendstheirbrand,it’sacost-effectivewaytoservemorestudents.AtUMassOnline,enrollmentamongstudentsundertheageof25hasincreased91percentoverthepastthreeyears.AtThomasEdisonStateCollegeinTrenton,N.J.,thatgrowthrateoverthesameperiodismorethan100percent.“Thebestwaytolowerthecostofhighereducationistograduateontime,”saysUMasspresidentJackWilson.“Moreandmoreweseestudentsusingonlinelearningasanaccelerator,awaytomovemorequicklythroughtheirundergraduateprogram.”

1.ThestudybytheSloanFoundationshowsthat______.

2.AccordingtoPhilips,whatwastheattitudeofpeopletowardsonlinelearning?

3.ByImmersiveEducationmethod,studentscan______.

4.IfyoutakeacourseatUMassOnline,______.

5.Comparedwiththetraditionalform,onlineeducationhasalltheadvantagesEXCEPT______.

问题1选项

A.about4millionAmericanstudentstookonlinecoursesinthe2007-2008schoolyear

B.theonlineenrollmentisgrowingatarateofmorethan10timesperyear

C.theratiooftraditionalinseatandonlineenrollmentgrowthrateis12.9to1.2

D.thebiggestreasonthatsomanypeopletakeonlinecoursesisitsconvenience

问题2选项

A.It’saconvenientwayoflearning.

B.It’sacost-effectivewayoflearning.

C.It’sabad-reputedwayoflearning.

D.It’sanexcellentwayoflearning.

问题3选项

A.enjoysomefeatsinphysicalclassroomthatgravityrendersimpossible

B.gotoacityplaguedwithsuicidebombers,biochemicalattacksandsoon

C.learnhowtobeaparentbyraisinganadoptedchildthroughInternet

D.haveasimulatedtripthroughthehumanbodyinfrontofacomputer

问题4选项

A.you’llgetaspecialdegreedifferentfromcampus-goingcounterparts’

B.youcanspendashortertimetogetadegreethangoingtocampus

C.you’llreceivehigherstandardizedcurriculathantraditionaleducation

D.youcanacceptclasscounselingfromteachersatanytimeyouwant

问题5选项

A.onlinedegreecostsalotlessthanin-classeducation

B.onlineeducationhasmanyconveniences

C.onlineeducationisfarmoreinterestingthantraditionalformofeducation

D.onlineeducationprovidescolorfulactivitieswhichgreatlyenhancesociallife

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.（根据斯隆基金会的一项研究，这种便利性是2007-2008学年近400万美国学生至少选修一门在线课程的主要原因之一。）”，由此可知该项研究主要说明了线上学习的便捷性，因此D选项“很多人选择在线课程的最大原因是它的方便”符合题意。A选项“在2007-2008学年，大约有400万美国学生参加了在线课程”、B选项“网上报名正以每年10倍以上的速度增长”以及C选项“传统的座位上课方式和网上招生增长率之比为12.9:1.2”说法都正确，但都是该研究的内容，其主要目的还是说明线上课程的便捷性，因此D选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第三段最后一句“Thestigmaisgone…Onlinelearninghasreachedmassculturalacceptance.It’snolongertheuglystepsisterofthehigher-educationworld.（坏名声的时代已经过去了。在线学习已为大众文化所接受。它再也不是高等教育世界里丑陋的后来者了。”可推断出，以前人们认为在线学习是不可取的，C选项“这是一种普遍认为很差的学习方法”符合题意。A选项“这是一种方便的学习方式”；B选项“这是一种经济有效的学习方式”；D选项“这是一种很好的学习方式”都与题干不符，因此C选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.（波士顿学院教授、前电子游戏设计师亚伦•沃尔什首创了沉浸式教育，这是一种通过虚拟世界进行教学的方法。）”，下文举例进行说明，其中提到“likehavingart-historystudentsflytotheceilingoftheSistineChapelorbiologymajorstotakeaMagicSchoolbus-liketripthroughthehumanbody.（比如让艺术史学生飞到西斯廷教堂的天花板上，或者让生物专业的学生乘坐魔法学校的巴士进行人体内的旅行。）”，由此可推断出D选项“在电脑前模拟人体旅行”符合浸入式教育的虚拟环境，所以正确。A选项“在物理教室里享受一些重力使其不可能实现的壮举”；B选项“去一个有自杀式炸弹袭击，生化攻击等的城市”以及C选项“通过互联网学习如何抚养一个被收养的孩子”都不符合浸入式教育的虚拟环境条件，因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Moreandmoreweseestudentsusingonlinelearningasanaccelerator,awaytomovemorequicklythroughtheirundergraduateprogram.（我们越来越多地看到学生将在线学习作为一种加速器，一种更快地完成本科课程的方式。）”，由此可知在麻省大学，学生可以通过线上学习提前完成自己的本科学业，因此B选项“你可以花比去校园更短的时间获得学位”符合题意。A选项“你将获得一个不同于在校同学的特殊学位”；C选项“你将接受比传统教育更高的标准化课程”；D选项“你可以随时接受老师的辅导”都与原文内容不符，因此B选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据第一段“At$630percourse—about$1,800persemester—hisonlinedegreewillcostfarlessthanevenin-statetuitionatUC.（每门课程630美元——大约每学期1800美元——他的在线学位甚至比加州大学的州内学费还要便宜得多。）”可知A选项“在线学位的花费比课堂教育要少得多”正确；根据第二段“Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.（根据斯隆基金会的一项研究，这种便利性是2007-2008学年近400万美国学生至少选修一门在线课程的主要原因之一。）”可知B选项“在线教育有很多便利”正确；根据文章第四段“AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.（波士顿学院教授、前电子游戏设计师亚伦•沃尔什首创了沉浸式教育，这是一种通过虚拟世界进行教学的方法。）”可知C选项“在线教育比传统教育形式更有趣”正确；D选项“在线教育提供了丰富多彩的活动，极大地提高了社会生活”文章没有提到，因此该题应选D选项。

8.单选题

Foxesandfarmershavenevergotonwell.Thesesmalldog-likeanimalshavelongbeenaccusedofkillingfarmanimals.Theyareofficiallyclassifiedasharmfulandfarmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem.

Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.Huntingconsistsofpursuingafoxacrossthecountryside,withagroupofspeciallytraineddogs,followedbymenandwomenridinghorses.Whenthedogseventuallycatchthefoxtheykillitorahuntershootsit.

Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport;theywearaspecialuniformofredcoatsandwhitetrousers,andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior.Butowningahorseandhuntingregularlyisexpensive,somosthuntersarewealthy.

Itisestimatedthatupto100,000peoplewatchortakepartinfoxhunting.Butoverthelastcoupleofdecadesthenumberofpeopleopposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(残酷的),hasrisensharply.Nowadaysitisrareforahunttopassoffwithoutsomekindofconfrontation(冲突)betweenhuntersandhuntsaboteurs(阻拦者).Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.

Noisyconfrontationsbetweenhuntersandsaboteurshavebecomesocommonthattheyarealmostasmuchapartofhuntingasthepursuitoffoxesitself.Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.

1.RichpeopleinBritainhavebeenhuntingfoxes____________.

2.WhatisspecialaboutfoxhuntinginBritain?

3.Foxhuntingopponentsofteninterfereinthegame____________.

4.AnewlawmaybepassedbytheBritishParliamentto____________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____________.

问题1选项

A.forrecreationC.tolimitthefoxpopulation

B.C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.

C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.intheinterestsofthefarmers

D.toshowofftheirwealth

问题2选项

A.Itinvolvestheuseofadeadlypoison.

B.Itisacostlyeventwhichrarelyoccurs.

C.Thehuntershavesetrulestofollow.

D.Thehuntershavetogothroughstricttraining.

问题3选项

A.byresortingtoviolence

B.byconfusingthefoxhunters

C.bytakinglegalaction

D.bydemonstratingonthescene

问题4选项

A.prohibitfarmersfromhuntingfoxes

B.forbidhuntingfoxeswithdogs

C.stophuntingwildanimalsinthecountryside

D.preventlarge—scalefoxhunting

问题5选项

A.killingfoxeswithpoisonisillegal

B.limitingthefoxpopulationisunnecessary

C.huntingfoxeswithdogsisconsideredcruelandviolent

D.fox-huntingoftenleadstoconfrontationbetweenthepoorandtherich

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport（参加打猎的人认为它是一项运动）和最后一句somosthuntersarewealthy（所以大多数猎人都很富有），可知在英国夫人猎狐是为了消遣，所以A选项“为了消遣”正确，D选项“炫耀他们的财富”错误。B选项“因为农民的利益”：文章没有提到富人和农民在猎狐方面的关系。C选项“限制狐狸数量”：根据第二段第一句Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.（农民也可以要求当地狩猎服务来控制狐狸的数量。），可知限制狐狸数量不是富人猎狐的目的，故错误。因此A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.（如果法律通过，像狐狸这样的野生动物将受到英国禁令的保护）和第二句Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.（但今年，猎狐运动的支持者面临着更大的威胁），可知在英国，法律正在讨论猎狐运动的问题，对应C选项“猎人设定了要遵守的规则”这一选项，故正确。A选项“使用致命的毒药”：根据第一段最后一句farmers…shootingorpoisoningthem（农民们射杀或毒害它们），可知这是在各地的普遍的现象，不是英国特有，故错误。B选项“这花费高昂，很少发生”：文章提到猎户运动花费高昂，但没有说很少举办，另外农民猎狐花费不高，故错误。D选项“猎人必须经过严格的训练”：这是普遍现象，不止在英国，故错误。因此C选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.（有时这些猎狐行为引发暴力行为，但大多数对手会误导猎手，扰乱狗对狐狸气味的追踪，从而干扰狩猎。），猎手的对手通过误导猎手来干预比赛，所以B选项“迷惑猎狐者”正确。A选项“依靠暴力”：暴行是干预以后可能导致的结果。C选项“起诉”：通过法律途径看要不要继续猎狐运动不能在赛场干预对手，故错误。D选项“现场演示”：文章没有提及，故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第五段第三句ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.（议会工党成员迈克•福斯特正试图使议会通过一项新法律，该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为。），可知C选项“在乡下停止捕猎野生动物”正确。A选项“禁止农民猎狐”，B选项“禁止用狗猎狐”和D选项“禁止大规模猎狐”在这里没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

5.语义推测题。A选项“用毒药杀死狐狸是违法的”：根据第五段第三句istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal（正试图使议会通过一项新法律，该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为），文章提到禁止用狗捕猎野生动物的法律有可能通过，没有说毒死狐狸违法，故错误。B选项“不必限制狐狸的数量”：根据第一段最后一句farmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem（农民们试图通过射杀或毒害它们来减少它们的数量），农民捕杀狐狸以减少狐狸数量，没有提到不必要这样做，故错误。C选项“用狗打猎狐狸被认为是残忍和暴力的”：根据第四段第二句opposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal（许多人反对猎狐，因为他们认为这很残酷），猎狐是用狗猎狐，所以正确。D选项“猎狐经常导致穷人和富人之间的对抗”：在文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Fortunetellersaregoodatmaking（

）statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

问题1选项

A.philosophical

B.literal

C.ambiguous

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。philosophical意为“哲学上的”；literal意为“字面的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”；invalid意为“无效的”。

句意：算命先生擅长发表诸如“你的悲伤会改变”这样的模糊的陈述。

10.单选题

Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionmenareinthe（）.

问题1选项

A.minority

B.majority

C.shortage

D.substitute

【答案】B

【解析】句意:大多数护士是女性，但在医疗行业中，男性占多数。

考查名词辨析。minority少数民族；少数派:majority多数；成年;shortage缺乏；缺少；不足；substitute代用品；代替者。后半句用了转折连词but，因此B项符合句意。

11.单选题

Iwillholdyoupersonally（

）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.liable

C.diverse

D.responsible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。destructive意为“破坏性的”；liable意为“（法律上）负有偿付责任，可能（做某事）”，指在不履行债务等时应负法律责任或受罚；diverse意为“不同的，多种多样的”；responsible意为“负责的，可靠的，有责任的”，指能熟练而出色地履行职责或完成任务，或在出差错而对其原因有争执时承担过失。

句意：假如这个项目出了任何问题，我将追究你个人的责任。

12.翻译题

Theirrationalfearspeopleexpresstodayaboutcloningparallelthosesurroundingroboticshalfacenturyago.SoIwouldliketoproposeThreeLawofCloningthatalsoclarifythreemisunderstandings:1.Ahumancloneisahumanbeingnolessuniqueinhisorherpersonhoodthananidenticaltwin.2.Ahumanclonehasalltherightsandprivilegesthataccompanythislegalandmoralstatus.3.Ahumancloneistobeaccordedthedignityandrespectdueanymemberofyourspecies.Althoughsuchsimplificationsriskerasingtherichdifferencesfoundinethicaldebatesoverpioneeringresearch,theydoaidinreducingridiculousfearsoftenassociatedwithsuchadvances.

【答案】人们今天对克隆所表现出的非理性恐惧与50年前人们对机器人表现出的恐惧类似。因此我提出三个关于克隆的观点来澄清三个误解：1、克隆人也是人，他的个性就像同卵孪生子一样。2、克隆人拥有与这种法律和道德地位伴随的所有权利和特权。3、克隆人应该被给予应有的尊严和尊重，就像你对待其它成员一样。尽管这类简化冒着消除有关前沿研究的道德争论的复杂性，但是的确有助于减少有关的荒谬的恐惧。

13.单选题

Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhytheyarealwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround."It'siniquitous,"theysay,"thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it'stheconsumerwhopays.."

Thepooroldconsumer!He'dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn'tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashing-machine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,ere,fromanadvertisement

Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements,wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybye-lawwhilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlyclosely-printedcolumnsofthenewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerfulwilyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities.

Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialsradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice.

Anotherthingwemustn'tforgetis