考研考博-英语-大庆医学高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大庆医学高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Nearlyeleventhousandpeoplehavebeenarrestedfordefyingthebanonstreettrading.

问题1选项

A.criticizing

B.neglecting

C.blaming

D.disclosing

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。defy（其现在分词为defying）“违抗，反对；藐视；不顾”；A选项criticize（其现在分词为criticizing）“批评；评论”；B选项neglect（其现在分词为neglecting）“疏忽，故意忽视”；C选项blame（其现在分词blaming）“责备；归咎于”；D选项disclose（其现在分词为disclosing）“公开；揭露”。句意：近1.1万人因藐视街头交易禁令而被捕。根据句中“arrested逮捕”与“thebanonstreettrading街头交易禁令”可知defy在这里应表示一种故意忽视，因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

IwishI（）toswimwhenI（）younger.

问题1选项

A.wastaught…hadbeen

B.weretaught…hadbeen

C.hadbeentaught…hadbeen

D.hadbeentaught…was

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish+宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气。本句表达的是对过去的虚拟。句子应该用过去完成时，hadbeentaught，故排除A、B选项。时间状语说的是过去年轻的时候，所以要用过去时:was。句意：我希望在我年轻的时候学了游泳。因此，本题的正确选项是D选项。

3.单选题

The（）ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromalloverthecountry.

问题1选项

A.clash

B.clarify

C.clarity

D.clatter

【答案】C

【解析】clash冲突；clarify澄清，阐明；clarity清澈，透明；clatter哗啦声，嘈杂声。句意：清澈的泉水吸引了许多来自全国各地的游客。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Therecentfindingofachangedgeneinobesemice.

B.Abreakthroughinunderstandinggenemodification.

C.Anewlydiscoveredwayforpeopletoloseweight.

D.Theself-repairingabilityofageneinobesemice.

问题2选项

A.Itrendersanorganismunabletofightdiseases.

B.Itpreventsthemice’sfattytissuesfromgrowing.

C.Ithelpsorganismsadapttoenvironmentalchanges.

D.Itrendersmiceunabletosensewhentostopeating.

问题3选项

A.Humanbeingshavemoreobesitygenesthanmostmicedo.

B.Halfofaperson’stotalweightvariationcanbecontrolled.

C.Peoplearebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight.

D.Thefunctionoftheobesitygenesisyettobeexplored.

问题4选项

A.Theworseningofnaturalenvironment.

B.Theabundantprovisionofrichfoods.

C.Theacceleratedpaceofpresent-daylife.

D.Theadverseimpactofthefoodindustry.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】PassageTwo

[12]Publicinterestwasarousedbythelatestdiscoveryofachangedgeneinobesemice.ThenewswasmadeknownbyRockefellerUniversitygeneticistJeffreyFriedman.Theresearchersbelievethisgeneinfluencesdevelopmentofahormonethattellsorganismhowfatorfullitis.[13]Thosewiththechangedgenemaynotsensewhentheyhaveeatenenoughoriftheyhavesufficientfattytissue,andthuscan’ttellwhentostopeating.

Theresearchersalsoreportedfindingagenenearlyidenticaltothemouseobesitygeneinhumans.Theoperationofthisgeneinhumanshasnotyetbeendemonstrated,however.[14]Still,professionalslikeUniversityofVermontpsychologistEstherRothblumreactedenthusiastically,“Thisresearchindicatesthatpeoplereallyarebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight,justastheyaretohaveaparticularskincolororheight.”

Actually,behavioralgeneticistsbelievethatlessthanhalfofthetotalweightvariationisprogrammedinthegenes,whileheightisalmostentirelygeneticallydetermined.Whateverrolegenesplay,Americansaregettingfatter.AsurveybytheCenterforDiseaseControlfoundthatobesityhasincreasedgreatlyoverthelast10years.[15]SuchrapidchangeunderlinestheroleofenvironmentalfactorsliketheabundanceofrichfoodsinAmericans’overeating.TheCenterforDiseaseControlhasalsofoundthatteensarefarlessphysicallyactivethantheywereevenadecadeago.

Acceptingthatweightispredeterminedcanrelieveguiltforoverweightpeople.Butpeople’sbeliefthattheycannotcontroltheirweightcanitselfcontributetoobesity.

12.Whatdoesthespeakersayhasarousedpublicinterest?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问什么事引起了公众的兴趣。录音一开头便指出，最近在肥鼠身上发现了变异基因，这一发现引起了公众的兴趣，A选项“最近在肥鼠身上发现了变异基因”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。B选项“在理解基因改造方面实现突破”；C选项“人们减肥的新方法”和D选项“肥鼠身上某种基因的自我修复能力”在录音中没有信息提及，均可排除。

13.Whatdowelearnaboutthechangedgene?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问的是关于变异基因的相关信息。录音指出，那些携带变异基因的老鼠在过量进食时，自身却浑然不觉，因此不知道什么时候应该停止进食，D选项“它使老鼠无法感觉到何时停止进食”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它使生物体无法抵抗疾病”和C选项“它帮助生物体适应环境变化”在录音中没有信息提及；B选项“它阻止老鼠身上脂肪组织的生长”，录音中提及那些携带变异基因的老鼠无法感知自身是否有足够的脂肪组织，因此B选项错误。

14.WhatdoesUniversityofVermontpsychologistEstherRothblumsay?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问佛蒙特大学的心理学家EstherRothblum说了什么？录音说到了EstherRothblum的观点：该研究表明，人天生就有一定的体重倾向，就像肤色和身高一样。C选项“人天生就有某种体重的倾向”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“人的肥胖基因比老鼠的多”，录音中并没有将二者进行比较，因此可排除；B选项“有一半的影响体重的变量是可控的”，录音中只是提及：影响体重的变量中，不到一半由基因决定。至于其他的变量可控不可控并没有指明，该选项属于推断过度；D选项“肥胖基因的功能尚待探索”，这并不是EstherRothblum的观点，因此可排除。

15.WhataccountsforAmericans’obesityaccordingtoasurveybytheCenterforDiseaseControl?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问根据疾病控制中心的调查，美国人肥胖的原因是什么。录音提到，过去十年美国肥胖的人越来越多，这一急剧增长的变化彰显了一些“环境因素”的影响，例如，丰富的食物。B选项中的abundantprovisionofrichfoods是录音中abundanceofrichfoods的同义替换，因此B选项“丰富食物的充足供应”正确。A选项“自然环境的恶化”主要是利用录音中的environmentalfactors作干扰，实际上录音中说的是社会环境而不是自然环境，因此A选项错误；C选项“现今生活节奏的加快”和D选项“食品业的不利影响”在录音中均未提及，因此排除。

5.单选题

Anarrowhasasharp,pointedheadwithwhichitperforatesitstarget.

问题1选项

A.facestoward

B.follows

C.pierces

D.fliestoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。perforate表示“穿过，穿孔”。A项facetoward“正对着”，B项follow“跟随”，C项pierce“刺穿，穿破”，D项flytoward“飞向”；句意：箭头前端很尖锐，可以用它来刺穿目标物。根据句意该题选C。

6.单选题

Althoughthistheorywasneverrigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandoned（）theopposingview.

问题1选项

A.infavorof

B.inplaceof

C.insteadof

D.intermsof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词组辨析。infavorof“赞同，支持”；inplaceof“代替”；insteadof“代替，而不是……”；intermsof“在……方面”。句意：尽管这一理论没有被严格地被反驳过，但是教条会被抛弃，而转向它的对立面。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Thetemperature（

）greatly;thedayswereveryhotwhilethenightswereverycold.

问题1选项

A.changed

B.altered

C.varied

D.reflected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。change意为“改变，变化”，指完全改变；alter意为“改变”，指部分改变；vary意为“变化”，指多变；reflect意为“反射，反应”。

句意：气温变化很大，白天很热，夜晚很冷。

8.单选题

Heisverykindandhasputhiscarentirelyatour______fortheholiday.

问题1选项

A.usage

B.disposal

C.pleasure

D.position

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项usage“使用，利用，利用率”；B选项atone’sdisposal“由某人支配，由某人做主”；C选项atone’spleasure“随心所欲”；D选项position“位置，地方”。句意：他非常热心，在假期把他的汽车______。根据语境，这里指的是把车借给我们用，B选项atone’sdisposal“由某人支配”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Peopleunderstresshaveperformed（

）featsofstrengthlikeliftinganautomobileoffanaccidentvictim.

问题1选项

A.specific

B.extraordinary

C.abrupt

D.abnormal

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。extraordinary“不平常的；非凡的”;specific“特有的，特种的”；abrupt“突然的，意外的”；abnormal“不正常的，反常的”。句意：人们在有压力的情况下表现出非凡的力量，比如把一辆汽车从交通事故的受害者身上搬开。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

ASouthernCaliforniabreweryhassuccessfullytestedabeerusingtreatedsewagewater.StoneBrewing,alargecraftbrewingoperationheadquarteredinEscondido,presenteditsFullCirclePaleAletocuriouscustomersataneventlatelyinSanDiego.

Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewaterandispartofSanDiego'splan,'pureWaterSanDiego’，togetathirdofitswaterfromrecycledsourcesby2021.Andtheverdictforthebrew,whichsomehavedubbed'toilettap’，seemedtobequitepositive,SFGatereported.

SanDiegomayorKevinFaulconertoldtheTimesthatthebrewwas'fantastic'andadded:There'snobetterwaytohighlightthepurityofthiswater.Otherpatronssaidthebrewwasoutstandinganddelicious.StoneBrewing'sSeniorManagerofBrewingandInnovation,SteveGonzalez,createdthebeerandsaidthathewasdoubtfulatfirst.Butalldoubtsweredispelledwhenhetriedhisbrew.

HetoldABC10:'AmongthepalealesthatI'vemade,it'sprobablyinthetopthree.'Thebeerwasmadewiththreemaltsandthreehopsandhas'carameland'tropicalfruit'notes.Therecycledwateronlyneededsomesaltsbeforebrewing.Thebreweryisusedtousingdifferentwatersourceswhichinturnhavedifferentproperties-followingCalifornia'sextremedroughtconditions.

StoneBrewinghopestomaketheFullCirclePaleAleavailablesoon.

1.StoneBrewingissuccessfulinmakinga（）.

2.Thepublicrespondtothebeeris（）.

3.SteveGonzalez（）.

4.“PureWaterSanDiego”isto（）.

5.StoneBrewingis（）.

问题1选项

A.recycledwaterbeer

B.sewagewaterbeer

C.toiletwaterbeer

D.tapwaterbeer

问题2选项

A.doubtful

B.passive

C.positive

D.curious

问题3选项

A.madethreebeerswiththreemaltsandthreehops.

B.saidthebrewwasoutstandinganddelicious.

C.presentedthebrewtocuriouscustomersinSanDiego.

D.madethebrewthoughdoubtfulatfirst.

问题4选项

A.treatallwaterby2021

B.recycleathirdofwaterby2021

C.purifyitwaterby2021

D.makeathirdofwaterby2021

问题5选项

A.goodatusingdifferentwatersources.

B.positiveinusingdifferentwatersources.

C.recyclingdifferentwatersources.

D.usedtousingdifferentwatersources.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:ASouthernCaliforniabreweryhassuccessfullytestedabeerusingtreatedsewagewater(南加州的一家啤酒厂用处理过的污水成功地测试了一种啤酒)，第二段还指出:Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewater(这种新的麦芽酒是用经过循环处理的污水制成的)。因此，A项“循环水啤酒”正确。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Andtheverdictforthebrew,whichsomehavedubbed'toilettap’，seemedtobequitepositive(一些人称之为“马桶到水龙头”的啤酒反响似乎还不错)，因此C项“积极的，肯定的”正确。

3.细节事实题。第三段指出:StoneBrewing'sSeniorManagerofBrewingandInnovation,SteveGonzalez,createdthebeerandsaidthathewasdoubtfulatfirst.Butalldoubtsweredispelledwhenhetriedhisbrew(斯通酿酒公司负责酿造和创新的高级经理史蒂夫冈萨雷斯（SteveGonzalez）创造了这款啤酒，并表示他一开始很怀疑。但当他试着冲泡时，所有的疑虑都消除了)。因此D项“一开始对这款啤酒心存怀疑”正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“PureWaterSanDiego”定位至第二段:Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewaterandispartofSanDiego'splan,'pureWaterSanDiego,togetathirdofitswaterfromrecycledsourcesby2021(这款新啤酒用的是处理过的回收污水，是圣地亚哥市“净水圣地亚哥”计划的一部分，目标是在2021年前实现三分之一的用水为回收水)。因此，B项“到2021年，回收三分之一的水”正确。

5.细节事实题。第四段指出:Thebreweryisusedtousingdifferentwatersourceswhichinturnhavedifferentproperties-followingCalifornia'sextremedroughtconditions(加州极度缺水，因此酿酒厂常使用不同的水源，而这些水质也相应地有区别)。因此选D项“常使用不同水源”。

11.单选题

Whilethereislittlesystematicworkrelatingforeignlanguagelearningstrategiestosuccess,thereareanumberofobservationswhichcanbemadeaboutindividualswhoaregoodlanguagelearners.

IhavebeenabletoisolatesomeoftheindividualsbyobservingstudentsinclassroomsinCaliforniaandHawaii,byobservingmyselfandtalkingtoothergoodlanguagelearners,byelicitingobservationsfromsomesecondlanguageteachers.AsIhavebeguntoobserveclasses,whatfascinatesmeishowoftentheteacherplowsaheadwiththelessonseeminglywithlittleawarenessofwhatisgoingonineachstudent,andoftenwithoutdirectingtheattentionofthepoorerstudentstohowthesuccessfulstudentarrivedathisanswer.Thatis,manyforeignlanguageteachersareconcernedwithfindingthebestmethodorwithgettingthecorrectanswer,yettheteachersfailtoattendtothelearningprocess.Iftheyattendedtoitmore,theymightbeabletotailortheirinputtotheirstudents'needsandmightbeabletoprovidetheirstudentswithtechniquesthatwouldenablethemtolearnontheirown.Indeed,nocoursecouldeverteachallweneedtoknowaboutalanguage,andthestudentsmustfindthemeanstohelpthemselves,whentheteacherisnotaround.

Thetaskofobservingthesestrategiesisacomplicatedonebecausethestrategiesnecessarilyinvolvecognitiveprocesseswhichneitherthelearnernortheteachermaybeabletospecify.However,whenourattentionisfocusedonobservingthesestrategies,Ithinkwemayfinditeasiertoisolatesomeofthem.Justrecently,Idiscoveredthatbyusingvideotapeswehopetohelplearnersandteachersseewhatisgoingonintheclassroom.Wehopetobeable,aswell,toabstractthelearnerstrategiesbyinterviewingthelearnerabouthisbehaviorduringaparticularclassroomwhichshowingthematapeoftheirownbehavior.

Inspiteofthefactthatweareonlybeginningtoisolatethesestrategies,Ithinkthatitisusefultolistsomeoftheonesfoundthusfar.TheyremaingeneralbutgiveanideaofthekindofstrategiesIthinkweoughttobelookingfor.

1.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Theauthorformedsomeideasaboutthefeaturesofgoodforeignlanguagelearningbygettinginformationfrom（

）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatthemostimportanttaskofagoodlanguageteacheris

（

）.

4.“Theymightbeabletotailortheirinputtotheirstudents'needs”means

（

）.

5.Observinglanguagelearningstrategiesisverycomplicatedbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.TheSuccessfulLanguageLearner

B.RelationshipbetweenTeachingandLearning

C.LanguageLearningStrategies

D.ObservationsofLanguageClasses

问题2选项

A.languageclassrooms

B.talkswithstudents

C.lecturesonthistopic

D.foreignteachers

问题3选项

A.toteachstudentslearningstrategies

B.tousethetextbookskillfullyandflexibly

C.tolookforasuitableteachingmethodfortheclass

D.tohelpstudentsdeveloptheirownleaningmethods

问题4选项

A.theycouldprovidetechniquestofindoutthestudents'needs

B.theycouldadjusttheirteachingtotheneedsofindividualstudents

C.theycouldcutoutredundantmaterialstomeettheirstudents'needs

D.theycouldrevisethetextbooktosuittheneedsoftheirstudents

问题5选项

A.eitherthelearnerortheteacherwillfinditdifficulttospecifywhatexactlytheyare

B.neitherthelearnernortheteachermaybeabletodescribethemprecisely

C.theyarerelatedtotheprocessesoflearningwhicheventheteachercannotstateprecisely

D.theyinvolvetheleaningprocesswhichneitherthelearnernortheteachermaybeabletoisolate

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文有一个关键词“strategies”,所以本文主要讲的是语言学习策略。选项C正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句“...byobservingmyselfandtalkingtoothergoodlanguagelearners...”……通过观察自己和与其他优秀的语言学习者交谈……选项B符合原文。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数二三句，许多外语老师关心的是找到最好的方法或得到正确的答案，然而老师没有注意到学习的过程。如果更多地关注过程，他们可以调整教学方法来满足学生的需求，并且能够向学生提供使他们能够自学的方法。也就是说，帮助学生发展自己的学习方法，选项D符合原文。

4.推理判断题。根据上一题可知，原文表达的意思是：他们可以调整教学方法来满足学生的需求。也就是说，他们可以根据个别学生的需要调整教学，选项B与原文表述一致，所以正确。

5.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“...becausethestrategiesnecessarilyinvolvecognitiveprocesseswhichneitherthelearnernortheteachermaybeabletospecify.”观察这些策略的任务是一项复杂的任务，因为这些策略必然涉及认知过程，而学习者和教师都无法具体说明这些过程。either...or...指“不是……就是……”，neither...nor...指的是二者都不，所以选项B正确。

12.单选题

Happy（）theywere,therewassomethingmissing.

问题1选项

A.though

B.which

C.as

D.since

【答案】C

【解析】though虽然；which哪个;as像，如;尽管;虽然；since自从。句意：尽管他们是快乐的，但总缺少些什么。句子之间有一个转折关系，though一般放在句子句首，as表示让步时，采用倒装句式，表语一般放在从句之首，故C选项正确。

13.单选题

ThetwomostobviouschangesinAmericaneconomyaretheemergenceofahighlysophisticatedtechnologyandtheriseofgiantcorporations.Inaddition,marketforceshavelostsomeoftheirsignificanceasplanninghasbecomemoreimportant.Thegovernmenthasassumedagreatlychangedroleintheeconomy.Propertyrelationshipsanddecision-makingpowerhaveshifted.Thedemandforhighlyeducatedspecialistshasincreasedenormously.

WemaythinkoftheAmericaneconomy,asconsistingoftwocompletelydifferentsectors.Theworldofthegiantcorporations,whichcanbecalledthe“industrialsystem”,consistsof500or600firmsthatprovide“nearlyallcommunications,nearlyallproductionanddistributionofelectricpower,muchtransportation,mostmanufacturingandmining,asubstantialshareofretailtrade,andaconsiderableamountofentertainment”.Outsideofthisindustrialsystemfallmostagriculturalenterprises,someminingandtrucking,professionalandartisticpursuits,someretailtrade,andmostpersonalanddomesticservices.

Theclassicaleconomiclawsofsupplyanddemandstillapplytosomedegree.Buttodaytheindustrialsectorischaracterizedfarmorebyplanningandcertaintythanbythefreeplayofmarketforces.Itappearsthatitcouldscarcelybeotherwise.Inlargecorporationswithadvancedtechnologicalsystemsandcomplexorganizationsofhighlytrainedspecialists,plansforproducinganyoneitemaremadewellinadvance.Suchplans,oncemade,arehardtochange.Becauselong-termplanningdemandscertainty,marketforcesareavoidedbyvariousmeans.Forexample,thecorporationmayachieve“verticalintegration”bybuyingcompaniesthatsupplyrawmaterialsatoneendoftheprocessanddistributionoutletsattheother.Corporationsmayagreeon“justprices”forthingstheybuyandsell.Theymayentermutuallyadvantageouslong-termcontractswithsuppliersandcustomers.Moreover,intheirquestforcertaintytheygenerallyhavethesupportofthestate.

1.TheAmericangiantcorporationspossesssomanynewcharacteristicsthat______.

2.Bythesecondparagraph,weknowthat______.

3.Fromthewholepassage,wecaninferthatAmericaneconomy______.

4.Inthethirdsentenceoflastparagraph,thesecond“it”mayreferto______.

5.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.highlyeducatedmanagersareimportantforthecorporations

B.giantcorporationsbecomedecentralized

C.economiclawsofthemarketareeffectiveinsidecorporations

D.headsofthegiantcorporationstrytocontrolthegovernment

问题2选项

A.retailtradeaccountsforabigpartinnon-industrialsystem

B.therearemoregiantcorporationsthanagriculturalenterprises

C.giantcorporationscontroleverypartofAmericaneconomy

D.giantcorporationsprovidemostofproductionsandservices

问题3选项

A.isexperiencingtheriseofgiantcorporations

B.isdeterminedbyhundredsofgiantcorporations

C.hasfailedtobalancesupplyanddemand

D.becomeshighly-plannedone

问题4选项

A.classiceconomiclawofsupplyanddemand

B.industrialsector

C.Americaneconomy

D.marketforce

问题5选项

A.Americaneconomyischaracterizedbyhightechnologyandgiantcorporations.

B.Americaneconomyconsistsofindustrialsystemsandagriculturalenterprises.

C.Marketeconomyisgraduallyreplacedbyplannedeconomy.

D.Highlytrainedspecialistsareneeded.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Thedemandforhighlyeducatedspecialistshasincreasedenormously.（对受过高等教育的专家的需求大大增加了。），说明美国巨型公司的新特点导致了对受过高等教育的专家需求增加。因此A选项“受过高等教育的管理者对公司很重要”正确。B选项“巨型企业变得分权化”，C选项“市场的经济规律在企业内部是有效的”，D选项“巨型企业的负责人试图控制政府”在文中均没有提及，所以B,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句Theworldofthegiantcorporations,whichcanbecalledthe“industrialsystem”,consistsof500or600firmsthatprovide“nearlyallcommunications,nearlyallproductionanddistributionofelectricpower,muchtransportation,mostmanufacturingandmining,asubstantialshareofretailtrade,andaconsiderableamountofentertainment”.（巨型企业的世界，可以称为“工业系统”，包括500到600家提供“几乎所有通信，几乎所有的生产和分配电力，交通，大多数的制造业和采矿业，零售贸易的很大一部分，和大量的娱乐”的公司。），说明大部分的生产和服务是由巨型企业提供的。因此D选项“巨型企业提供了大部分的生产和服务”正确。A选项“零售业在非工业体系中占了很大比重”，由原文可知，零售贸易占了工业系统的很大一部分，所以A错误。B选项“巨型企业比农业企业多”，原文没有比较两者数量的多少，所以B错误。C选项“巨型企业控制着美国经济的各个部分”，美国经济除了巨型企业还有非工业系统部分，所以C错误。

3.推理判断题。文章第一段说到美国经济的变化之一是巨型企业的崛起，接着第二段介绍了巨型企业提供的生产和服务，最后第三段说到巨型企业的计划性和确定性，可以推断出美国经济是由巨型公司决定的。因此B选项“由数以百计的巨型公司决定”正确。A选项“正经历着巨头企业的崛起”，由原文可知，巨型企业已经崛起了，所以A错误。C选项“未能平衡供应和需求”，D选项“成为高度计划化的经济”在文中没有提及，所以C,D错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Itappearsthatitcouldscarcelybeotherwise.（看来不可能有别的情况了。），由上下文可知，此处说的是美国经济中的计划性。因此C选项“美国经济”正确。A选项“经典的供给和需求的经济规律”，B选项“工业部门”，D选项“市场力量”均不符合题意，所以A,B,D错误。

5.客观细节题。A选项“美国经济的特点是高科技和巨型企业”，由原文ThetwomostobviouschangesinAmericaneconomyaretheemergenceofahighlysophisticatedtechnologyandtheriseofgiantcorporations.（美国经济最明显的两个变化是高度复杂技术的出现和大型企业的崛起。）可知A在文中出现，排除A。B选项“美国经济由工业体系和农业企业组成”，由原文WemaythinkoftheAmericaneconomy,asconsistingoftwocompletelydifferentsectors.Theworldofthegiantcorporations…Outsideofthisindustrialsystemfallmostagriculturalenterprises（我们可以把美国经济看作是由两个完全不同的部门组成的。巨型企业的世界……在这个工业系统之外的是大多数农业企业）可知B在文中出现，排除B。D选项“需要高度训练有素的专家”，由原文Thedemandforhighlyeducatedspecialistshasincreasedenormously.（对受过高等教育的专家的需求大大增加了。）可知D在文中出现，排除D。C选项“市场经济逐渐被计划经济所取代”，原文只说了美国经济中存在计划性，且十分重要，没有说计划经济取代了市场经济，因此本题选C。

14.单选题

Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation,growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.

Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist,tradeorbookkeeping.Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployee-shipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employee-shipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeeratherthanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.

1.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,withthedevelopmentofmodernindustry,

（

）.

3.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis

（

）.

4.Fromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployee-shiphelpsone（

）.

问题1选项

A.eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories

B.twentypercentofintellectualswereemployees

C.thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkers

D.thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers

问题2选项

A.factorylaborerswillovertakeintellectualemployeesinnumber

B.thereareasmanymiddle-classemployeesasfactorylaborers

C.employershaveattachedgreatimportancetofactorylaborers

D.theproportionoffactorylaborersinthetotalemployeepopulationhasdecreased

问题3选项

A.lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee

B.asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelations

C.moreimportantthanemployer-employeerelations

D.asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization

问题4选项

A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareer

B.tosolvetechnicalproblems

C.tobemorespecializedinhisfield

D.todevelophisprofessionalskill

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由“whenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.50年前，“受雇”意味着当工厂工人或农场工人，而今天的雇员越来越多地是受过正规教育的中产阶级，从事需要智力和技术技能的专业或管理工作。”可知50年前受雇人群以工人为主，技术类人才较少。故D项正确。C项原文内容不符，AB项文中未提及。答案D

第2题:细节事实题。由第—段中“middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation,growingsofastthattheindustrialworker…hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.中产阶级和上层阶级雇员一直是我国劳动人口中增长最快的群体，其增长速度如此之快，以至于尽管工业生产在扩大，但工人在数量上的重要性却在下降。”可知知识分子雇员的数量增多，而工业工人的数量减少。故D项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由第二段中Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employee-shipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.越来越多的人，尤其是在大企业或政府部门，员工关系比特殊的专业知识或技能对成功更重要。可知A项“专业技能或知识没有员工关系重要”是对原文的同义转换。故A项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由第二段中“thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.你爬得越高，就越会从事行政或执行工作，就越强调在组织内工作的能力，而不是技术能力或专业知识。”可知在公司内部良好的工作关系能使人们的职业生涯更成功。答案A

15.单选题

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalofscientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponitrise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.Understandingofthestructureoftheatomorthenervecell,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeintocontactwithoneanother—thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.

Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly—thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlymounttoabout7percentofitsover-allresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,“Developmentswillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorrespondingemphasisuponpurescience…tendtodegradethequalityofthenation’stechnologyinthelongrun,ratherthantoimproveit.”

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.

2.Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit_____