考研考博-英语-广西科技师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西科技师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Icouldn’tbepresentmyself,butIsentmy（）tothemeeting.

问题1选项

A.delegate

B.specimen

C.representative

D.representation

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我本人不能亲自出席，可我派了代表出席会议。

考查名词辨析。Delegate代表，代表团成员，指委派到别处代某一机构或某（些）人行事的人；specimen样本，抽样；representative代表，代销人，词义较广，可指选举或委派的代表，还可表示某一种人的代表人物；representation表现，陈述。根据前半句句意可知C符合句意。

2.写作题

Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionwithnolessthan50words.RemembertowriteyouranswerclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（5%）

WhoisConfucius（孔子）？

【答案】略

3.单选题

Maryfinallydecided（）allthejunkshehadkeptinthegarage.

问题1选项

A.getrid

B.gottenridof

C.gettingridof

D.togetridof

【答案】D

【解析】固定介词搭配。decidetodosth.决定做某事。所以，选项D正确。

4.单选题

Acomputerfileisacollectionof（

）data,usedtoorganizethestorageandprocessingofdatabycomputer.

问题1选项

A.electrical

B.artificial

C.electronic

D.genuine

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。electrical有关电的；artificial人造的；electronic电子的；genuine真实的，诚恳的。句意：计算机文件是电子数据的集合，用来组织计算机对数据的存储和处理。这里指电子数据，所以选项C正确。

5.单选题

Thesewerestubbornmen,noteasily（

）tochangetheirmind.

问题1选项

A.tilted

B.converted

C.persuaded

D.suppressed

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容词和动词的过去分词辨析。Tiltled“倾斜的”；converted“修改的，改变的”；persuaded“说服，劝说”；suppressed“抑制的”。句意：他们很固执，不容易被说服改变注意。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

AluxuryexpresstrainjumpedthetracksonabridgeineasternIndia,killingatleast50onthespot.AccordingtotheNorthernRailwayspokesman,thedeath（）isexpectedtorise.

问题1选项

A.toll

B.figure

C.span

D.yield

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。toll“伤亡人数，代价”；figure“数字，图形”；span“跨度，范围”；yield“产量，收益”。句意：一辆豪华特快列车在印度东部一座桥上脱轨，造成至少50人当场死亡。据北方铁路发言人表示，死亡人数预计还会上升。deathtoll表示“死亡人数”，符合句意。所以选项A正确。

7.单选题

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

问题1选项

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

问题2选项

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

问题3选项

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

问题4选项

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

问题5选项

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘受流行趋势的影响，作者做什么？’根据文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服装的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，无论好坏，我都在节食。”确定C选项“不得不节食”正确。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘在作者看来，现在奇怪的现象是什么？’根据第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有钱也不能太瘦。这句话经常被认为是已故温莎公爵夫人说的，它体现了我们这个时代的许多古怪精神。苗条被认为是一种美德。”以及根据第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情况正好相反。我们已经把瘦变成了美德的新标志。”可知，作者认为现在奇怪的现象是B选项“苗条被认为是一种非常理想的品质”。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘人类历史上人们对体重的看法？’根据文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教团体中，财富是救赎和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖则是财富和幸福的象征。”确定A选项“与他们的宗教信仰密切相关”正确。

4.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者对那些专注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根据文章倒数第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在许多情况下，肥胖与增加心血管疾病的风险息息相关。不过除了超重，这些疾病也同样与我们的生活方式及高脂肪饮食习惯有很大关系。患消化系统癌症的相关风险可能更主要是饮食而非体重问题——食物高脂肪低纤维。”以及最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人认为他们自然而然就可保持健康，从而不注意总体生活方式，实际上会很危险。”可知作者提出肥胖、生活方式与疾病的关系，确定D选项“他们应该更加关注他们的整体生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者从什么方面批评了女性对瘦身的痴迷？’根据最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些变瘦的人(或已经变瘦的人)认为他们天生就健康，因此不关注他们的整体生活方式，这实际上是危险的。瘦可以是纯粹的虚荣。”确定作者从健康方面和虚荣心方面批评了女性对瘦身的痴迷，B选项正确。

8.单选题

Thejourneyusuallytakesfiveweeksbutyoushould（）delayscausedbybadweather.

问题1选项

A.arrangefor

B.accountfor

C.allowfor

D.applyfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项arrangefor“安排、安顿”；B选项accountfor“说明、解释”；C选项allowfor“考虑到、估计”；D选项applyfor“申请、请求”，句意为：这趟旅行通常需要五个星期，但你应该把恶劣天气造成的延误考虑在内。因此选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Theawfultruthabouttoxicwastedumpingintheirneighborhood（

）manycommunitymembers.

问题1选项

A.informed

B.appeased

C.provoked

D.deceived

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。inform“通知，告诉”；appease“安抚，缓和，对...让步”；provoke“激怒，使恼怒，煽动”；deceive“欺骗”；根据句意‘有关倾倒在小区的有毒废物的骇人真相（

）了很多社区成员。’确定C选项正确。

10.翻译题

这是一只如此灵敏的（sensitive）安培表（ammeter）以至于它能测出电流的微弱变化。

【答案】

Thisissuchasensitiveammeterthatitcanmeasureaslightchangeinthecurrent.

11.单选题

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

问题1选项

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】副词词义辨析。atthecostof以...为代价；onthevergeof濒临于，接近于；asaresultof因此，由于；forthesakeof为了。句意：人寿保险为被保者的家属提供经济保障,以防止因养家糊口的人去世而造成的损失。选项C符合句意。

12.填空题

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Menareveryclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofclothesreflectbasicqualitiesof

A

B

C

D

stabilityandreliability?

【答案】Cveryclever改为tooclever

【解析】【考查点】固定句型。

【解题思路】too...to是固定句型，意思为“太……而不能”，指的是男性非常聪明，不会让自己被服装设计师欺骗，因此C部分应为tooclever。

【句意】如果对比男性和女性对于时尚的看法，得出的结论显而易见。男性很聪明，不会让自己被时装设计师欺骗。他们不变的服装款式是否反映了稳定可靠的基本品质呢？

13.单选题

Therewasnowaytoindependently______theidentityofthemenkilledandarrestedonSaturdaynight.

问题1选项

A.verify

B.acknowledge

C.express

D.confess

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项verify“核实，查证”，B项acknowledge“承认，答谢”，C项express“表达”，D项confess“坦白”。根据关键词theidentityofthemenkilledandarrested（被逮捕和杀害人员的身份）可知，空格部分表示“查验身份”，A项符合句意。句意：目前还无法独立核实周六晚上被杀和被捕人员的身份。因此，该题选择A项正确。

14.单选题

Twoequallybrilliantscientistsapplyforaprestigiousresearchfellowshipawardedbyatopscientificorganization.Oneiswhite,theotherblack.Doesthecoloroftheirskinmatter?

Mostscientistswillalreadybescreamingaresounding“no”.Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.

Well,let’sthinkaboutthis.Ifsciencereallyissomeritocratic,wherearealltheblackNobelprizewinnersandfellowsoftheRoyalSociety?Theblackchairsofgovernmentscientificpanels?TheblackRichardDawkinsesandSusanGreenfields?WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.

Eventheusuallystick-in-the-mudBritishgovernmentnowacknowledgesthereisaproblem.Lastmonthitpromisednewfundingforprojectsdesignedtocombatinstitutionalracisminscienceeducationinschools.Asmeasuresgoitislittleandlate,butwelcomenonetheless.Despitestartingschoolasthetopachievers,blackBritishchildrenhavelongunderperformedinscience.

Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.Asaresult,thefullscaleoftheunder-representationproblemishidden.Notformuchlonger.Britain’snewlyamendedRaceRelationsActrequiresallgovernmentbodies,includingfundingcouncils,totracktheeffectsoftheiractivitiesondifferentethnicgroupsandensurethatallbenefitequally.AndnextyearaEuropeanUniondirectivewillpushallEUemployersthiswaytoo.

ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.Thatmeansring-fencingfellowshipsandgrantsforapplicantsfromparticularracialbackgrounds.Anditmeansseekingoutthosewhohavebrokenthroughthebarriersofraceandgivingthempreferenceovertheirequallywell-qualifiedwhitepeersforpositionsofinfluenceandplacesinthespotlight.

Tokenismandfinesentimentswillnolongerdo.Withotherprofessionshavingalreadyleaptaheadinthisarea,theenduringwhitenessofscienceismorethananembarrassment:itisabarriertoitsverycredibility.IfalargesegmentofEurope’sschoolchildrenneverseeascientistwholookslikethem,theywillcontinuetothinkscienceisnotforthem.Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.

1.Scienceisnotsomeritocraticbecause______.

2.Theembarrassingproblemaddressedinthepassage______.

3.Oneofthepositivechangesafootis______.

4.Tobitethebulletofaffirmativeactionis______.

5.Theauthorarguesthatcolormattersbecauseitisof______.

问题1选项

A.itiscolor-blind

B.itisraciallydiscriminative

C.itawardswrongresearchworkers

D.itispracticedbythewhiteexclusively

问题2选项

A.wasprovedbyNewsweekmagazine’ssurvey

B.shockedgovernmentscientificpanels

C.wasrevealedbytheRoyalSociety

D.alloftheabove

问题3选项

A.fundingresearchinstitutionsorlabs

B.settingupascientificcareerladder

C.hidingtheracialdiscrimination

D.belittlingracialbackgrounds

问题4选项

A.tosetupblackrolemodelsinEurope

B.tokeepupethnicissuesundersurveillance

C.torestrictfellowshipsandgrantstotheblack

D.tobalancethedistributionoffellowshipsandgrantsbetweenthewhiteandtheblack

问题5选项

A.thenatureofscience

B.credibilityofscience

C.anembarrassingtokenism

D.mutualtrustbetweengenerations

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thosewhoprogressinsciencedosobecauseoftheirwork,nottheirpigmentation.Scienceismeritocraticandobjective.Itmustthereforeberigorouslycolor-blindandshunbothracialdiscriminationandaffirmativeaction.（那些在科学上取得进步的人是因为他们的工作，而不是他们的肤色。科学是任人唯贤的，是客观的。因此，它必须严格无视肤色，避免种族歧视和平权行动。）”，由此可知种族歧视是科学不那么任人唯贤的原因，所以B选项“它是种族歧视的”符合题意。A选项“它是色盲的”；C选项“它奖励错误的研究人员”；D选项“是白色人种独有的”均不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“WhenNewsweekmagazinerecentlysurveyedEurope’slargest100companies,itwasshockedtounearthonlysixboardmembersofnon-Europeanracialorigin.OneshudderstothinkwhatasimilarsurveyofupperechelonsofEuropeansciencewouldreveal.（当《新闻周刊》最近对欧洲最大的100家公司进行调查时，令人震惊的是，只有6名非欧洲种族血统的董事会成员。一想到对欧洲科学界高层进行的类似调查将揭示出什么，人们就会不寒而栗。）”，由此可知《新闻周刊》的调查证实了文章中提到的尴尬的问题，即种族歧视确实存在，所以A选项“《新闻周刊》的调查证实了这一点”符合题意。B选项“震惊政府科学小组”；C选项“由皇家学会披露”；D选项“以上都是”都不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段“Andtherearepositivechangesafoothigherupthescientificcareerladdertoo.Atpresent,fewscientificorganizations,fundingbodiesorlabsinEuropebothereventotracktheracialbackgroundsofthosetheyhireorfund.（在科学事业的阶梯上也有积极的变化。目前，欧洲几乎没有科学组织、资助机构或实验室费心去追踪他们雇佣或资助的人的种族背景。）”，由此可知对种族背景关心的淡化是发生的积极变化之一，所以D选项“轻视种族背景”符合题意。A选项“资助研究机构或实验室”；B选项“建立科学的职业阶梯”；C选项“隐藏种族歧视”都与题干无关，因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段“ButethnicmonitoringalonewillnotcreatetheblackrolemodelsEuropeansciencesobadlyneeds.Somethingelseisneeded.FundingagenciesandinfluentialorganizationsliketheRoyalSocietymustbitethebulletofaffirmativeaction.（但是，仅靠种族监控并不能创造出欧洲科学迫切需要的黑人榜样。还需要一些别的东西。资助机构和像英国皇家学会这样有影响力的组织必须忍受平权行动。）”，由此可知平权行动是为了建立黑人榜样，所以A选项“在欧洲建立黑人榜样”符合题意。B选项“保持种族问题在监视之下”；C选项“限制黑人的奖学金和补助金”；D选项“平衡研究金和补助金在白人和黑人之间的分配”都不符合原文，因此A选项正确。

5.作者意图题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Andifscientistsdon’treflectthemultiracialsocietiestheylivein,they’llfindithardtowinthepublictrusttheycrave.Doescolormatter?Youbetitdoes.（如果科学家不能反映出他们所生活的多种族社会，他们将发现很难赢得他们渴望的公众信任。肤色有关系吗?当然了。）”，由此可知作者认为肤色对科学的可信度有很大关系，科学家只有尊重不同肤色的社会，才会取得公众信任，所以B选项“科学的可信度”正确。A选项“科学的本质”；C选项“尴尬的表面文章”；D选项“世代之间的相互信任”说法都不正确，因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Heresented（

）towait.Heexpectedtheminister（

）

himatonce.

问题1选项

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他憎恨等待。他希望总理马上见他。resented后面一般直接接名词或者动词的现在分词形式；expect后面一般接不定式，所以答案选B。

16.单选题

Despitewars,famines,andepidemics,Earth’spopulationisboomingaheadtonewrecordswithnoendinsight.

Everyday,theworldaddsenoughpeopletopopulateamedium-sizedcityintheUS.Inonemonth,thenumberofnewworldcitizensequalsthepopulationofNewYorkCity.Everyyear,thereare90millionmoremouthstofeed,morethanthetotalpopulationofGermany.

Severalfactorsarepropellingthisrapidgrowth,includinganelementthatofoftenoverlooked;thehugenumberofteenagerswhoarebecomingmothers,particularlyinthecountriesofsub-SaharanAfrica.

InfourAfricannationsNiger,Mali,SierraLeone,andIvoryCoast1outofevery5adolescentfemalesofchildbearingagehasababyannually.

TheUSBureauoftheCensussaysthishighrateofmotherhoodamongteenshashelpedtomaintainthehighpaceofbirthsacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent.Bystartingafamilyearly,atypicalwomaninSomalia,forinstance,hassevenchildrenduringherlifetime.EquallylargefamiliesaretheruleinZambia,Zaire,Uganda,Mauritania,Mali,Malawi,andEthiopia.

Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren.

WhilepopulationexpertsoftenfocusonAfrica’sproblems,analystsnotethatteenagedmothersarealsofarmoreprevalentintheUnitedStatesthaninFrance,Germany,Italy,Sweden,orBritain.

Thisissue“babieshavingbabies”hasrecentlygainedprominenceintheUS.TeenagedmotherhoodintheUShasfueledanexpansionoftheState-federalwelfaresystemandbroughtcriesforwelfarereformfromlawmakers.

Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan.

Overall,thefertilityrateamongAmericansremainsrelativelylowat2.1birthsperwoman-aboutthereplacementlevel.AlthoughtheUSpopulationisexpectedtoclimbsteadily,from260milliontodayto323millionby2020,mostofthatgrowthwillcomefromimmigration.

TheCensusBureauestimatesthatinHaiti,wherethousandsofcitizensaretryingtofleetotheUSbecauseofmilitaryoppressionandpoverty,AIDSwillcuttheannualgrowthrateduringthenext25yearsfrom2.1percentto1.3percent.

ThedeclineingrowthisevensharperintheCentralAfricanRepublic,whererateswilldipfrom2.4percentto0.7percent.InThailand,whichalreadyhadlowbirthrates,ADISwilldrivepopulationdownwardto0.8percentayear.

Inthe16countriesthatarehithardest,AIDSwilllowerpopulationsby121millionoverexpectedprojectionsby2020.InAfrica,theimpactofAIDSissogreatthattrendstowardlongerlifespansduringthepast40yearsbeingreversed.Somenationswillsufferdeclinesinaveragelifespansof0to30yearscomparedwithexpectedlifespanswithoutAIDS.

IntheUS,whereAIDSisalsoasubstantialproblemtheimpactwillbelowerbecausethediseaseismostlylimitedtohomosexualsanddruguser,saysPeterWay,aCensusBureauresearch.InmanyAfricannations,AIDSisprevalentamongtheheterosexualpopulations,withsharplyboostsinfantmortality.

Acompellingchapterintheresearchdealswithaging.Todaythemedianageindevelopedcountriesis35,andthatindevelopingnationsisonly23.By2020,thecorrespondingfigureswillbe42and28.

Todaytherearefeweradultsover60(525million)thanchildrenunder5(636million).Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million.

1.Sub-SaharanAfricancountries（

）.

2.Thepassagestatesteenagedbirthsare

（

）.

3.ThepopulationgrowthrateintheUSis

（

）.

4.Fromthefactualdatainthepassage,weknowthatbytheyear2020

（

）.

5.Thepassageimpliesthatbytheyear2020（

）.

问题1选项

A.willhavethelargestworldpopulationby2020

B.havethehighestreproductiverateintheworld

C.areonlymodestlyaffectedbyAIDS

D.willhaveincreasinglylonglifespan

问题2选项

A.rareindevelopedcountries

B.mostprevalentinIndonesia

C.commoninRwanda

D.solelyresponsibleforpopulationincrease

问题3选项

A.higherthanthatinIndia

B.lowerthanthatinMexico

C.higherthanthatinIndonesia

D.lowerthanthatinSouthAmerica

问题4选项

A.thepopulationgrowthratesinThailandwillhaveincreased

B.therewillbedisproportionatenumberofolderpeople

C.USpopulationgrowthratewillstabilize

D.theaverageageofEuropeanswillbe35

问题5选项

A.birthrateswillbecurbedindevelopingcountries

B.therewillnolongerbeapopulationproblem

C.therewillbetoomanyyoungchildren

D.thedistributionoftheworld’spopulationwillhavealtered

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“撒哈拉以南非洲国家……”。文章第六段提到“人口出生率记录的现在保持者是饱受战乱的卢旺达，那里一位母亲至少有八个或九个小孩”（Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren），由此可知选项B“有世界上最强的繁殖能力”符合题意，

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章称青少年当母亲……”。提到“人口出生率记录的现在保持者是饱受战乱的卢旺达，那里一位母亲至少有八个或九个小孩”（Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren），由此可知在卢旺达生孩子的年龄偏小是中普遍现象，选项C符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“美国人口增长率……”。文章第九段提到“由于美国高的青少年为人母比率高，它的出生率现在跟上了印度尼西亚和非洲的部分地区，比墨西哥，印度以及巴基斯坦稍微高些”（Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan），由此可知选项A符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文中的实际数字，我们知道到2020年的时候……”。文章最后一段最后一句话提到“随着世界人口老龄化，到2020年，60岁以上的人口将超过10亿，而5岁以下的人口总数将达到7.71亿”（Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million），选项B“将出现比例失调的老年人数量”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章暗示到2020年……”。文章提到了不同国家的人口出生率，以及最后提到世界人口老龄化程度加剧，都说明世界人口分布将发生变化，选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto（）theproblem.

问题1选项

A.relate

B.tackle

C.file

D.attach

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relate“涉及”；B选项tackle“应付，处理”；C选项file“提出”；D选项attach“附加”。句意：尽管许多专家同意越来越多的儿童超重，但对于解决这个问题的最佳方法仍存在争论。选项B符合语境。

18.单选题

Thejetairlinerhas（）fromtheWrightbrothers,smallairplane.

问题1选项

A.involved

B.evolved

C.devolved

D.revolved

【答案】B

【解析】本题是同形词辨析题。involved“包含”；evolved“进化”；devolved“移交”；revolved“旋转”，由“喷气客机”与“莱特兄弟发明的小型飞机”之间的关系我们可以知道莱特兄弟发明的小型飞机是喷气客机的前身，此处应该使用evolved这个动词，“evolvefrom”是“从……演变过来”的意思，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：喷气客机是由莱特兄弟发明的小型飞机演变过来的。

19.单选题

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheforcesofgoodandevil.

问题1选项

A.external

B.internal

C.maternal

D.eternal

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析题。根据句意‘一些人把生活看作是正义力量与恶势力之间的一种外部冲突。’可知是将生活看作是一种外部冲突。A选项external“外部的，外部”;B选项internal“内部的”；C选项maternal“母性的”；D选项eternal“永恒的”。A选项正确。

20.单选题

Oneoftheaimsofteachingscienceis,throughlearning,toenablestudentstodevelopacompletepersonalitybycreativity,honesty,eagernesstoacquireknowledge,freedomofspeechandthought,andcriticalassessment.Thisisanambitiousaimwhichweunfortunately,rarelyconsider.Duringteachingwedevoteourattentionmoretothecontentthantotheaims.Wethusseethatscienceisoneoftheschoolsubjectsleastfavoredbystudents.

Theemotionalelementsofmusic,dancing,painting,poetryanddramahaveastrongimpactonstudents.Forsciencetoevokethesamefeelings,itshouldbetaughtwiththehelpoftheexpressivearts.Unliketraditionaldidacticapproaches,dramaalsooffersasynthesisofvisual,kineticandauditoryexperiences,apartfromtheunderstandingoffactsandfiguresasaresultofrationalandanalyticalperception.Dramaandotherartisticactivitiescanassistinreachingthecognitivegoalsofthecurriculum,astheyareeffectivemeansofmotivation.Isn’tthereabetterchancethatstudentswhohavedevelopedaloveforsciencewilllearnitmoreeasily?Sciencetoocanbeaesthetic,creativeandemotional.

Byusingdramatechniques,wefacilitatecollaborationbetweentheleftandrighthemispheresofthebrain,whereastraditionaltechniquesofteachingsciencestressonlytheuseofabilitiesfoundintheleftofhemispheres—thatis,theanalyticalperceptionofscientificnotionsandphenomena.Weallowstudentstoengageinthelearningprocessasfullpersonalitieswithalltheirknowledgeandabilities.Thuswedevelopnotonlylogicalandmathematicalintelligence,butalsoawiderspectrumofthestudents’abilities.Ourtraditionalexperienceislargelybasedonalinearperceptionofthesubject.Asstudents,wehavenotbeenusedtodevelopingwaysofcreativeandintuitivethinking,especiallyinsciencesubjects.Thisiswhycombiningexpressiveartswithscienceisacceptedwithdifficultybymany.

Whenusingdramainteachingscience,wemeetparadoxeswhichcan,ontheonehand,maketheuseofdramaunsuccessful,andontheotherhand,enableknowledgeofsciencetobeintegratedintosocietyandsocialphenomenathatislifeingeneral.Scienceistaughtonthebasisofscientificdiscoveries——lawsandexplanationsofphenomenawhichareclearlydefinedandallownoindividualorsociologicalinterpretations.Stealingawallet,forexample,willbeinterpretedassomethingnegativebytheownerandsomethingpositivebythepickpocket.Dramabroadensourimagination,scienceissaidtonarrowit.Whenobservingtraditionaldidacticformsofteachingscience,weseethatstudentsarerequiredtounderstandveryabstractnotions.Thenotionoftheatomorthemoleculeisdemonstratedbyconcretemeansincludingsymbols,varioustypesofatomandmoleculemodels,sketches,experiments,photographsandanimatedfilms.Thesehelpstudentstodeveloptheirimaginationandconceptionswhich,can,individually,beverydifferentdespitethefactthattheywerealltaughtwiththesametechniquesandmaterials.

Thesedifferencesarisefromthedifferencesinstudents，personalities.Wemusttakeintoaccountthatstudentshavedifferentsensoryabilities.Theyreceiveinformationthroughvisual,auditoryandkineticchannelsofperceptionwithdifferentintensity.Theyalsohavedifferentintellectualabilities.Thusitiseasyforsomestudentstologicallycombinescientificphenomenaorvisualizewhatthelatterlookslike.

1.Thefactthatstudentsdislikescienceclassisbecausescienceclasses（

）.

2.Inordertomotivatestudentsinscienceclass,shouldbeemployed

（

）.

3.Asuitabletitleofthepassagecanbe

（

）.

4.Theresearcher’saimisto

（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisCORRECT?

问题1选项

A.developstudents’personalitybycreativity

B.don’thavefre