考研考博-英语-广西生态工程职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西生态工程职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen（）,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.

问题1选项

A.instantaneously

B.simultaneously

C.spontaneously

D.unanimously

【答案】C

【解析】副词词义辨析。Instantaneously即刻，突如其来地；simultaneously同时地；spontaneously自发地；unanimously全体一致地。句意：虽然大多数梦显然是自发的，但梦境可能是由外部影响引起的。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Thispaperwillexaminerelevanttheoriesandresearchfindingsconcerninglisteningandsecondlanguageacquisitionandidentifyconditionsthatmay（）listening.

问题1选项

A.elevate

B.facilitate

C.stimulate

D.provoke

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。elevate"提升,举起";facilitate"促进,帮助";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞,激励";provoke"驱使,激怒,煽动"。句意：这篇论文将检验有关听力和第二语言习得的相关理论和研究成果,并找出有助于听力的条件。选项B正确。

3.单选题

Alcoholismanddrugaddictionhasalreadyreachedepidemicproportionsinthe21stCentury.Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutaddictionisthatitonlyaffectscertaingroupswithinsociety:forexamplethatpoorpeoplefrompoorneighborhoodsandethnicminoritiesaremorelikelytobeaddictedtoalcoholanddrugs.Thetruthishoweverthataddictionisblindtorace,colorandsocio-economicbackground.Anotherfactisthatdrugandalcoholrelatedcrimesareincreasingallovertheworld.

Therearemanyreasonswhyapersonmightfirsttrydrugs.Someofthesemightincludepeerpressurefromfriends,stressandpersonalitycharacteristics.Peopletakedrugsandalcoholbecauseoftheelevatingorrelaxingeffectstheyhaveonthebodyotherwisepeoplewouldn’ttaketheminthefirstplace.

Butasthepersondevelopsahabit,thechemistryofthebrainstartstochangeandadapt,demandingmoreandmoreofthedrugasitresiststhediscomfortofwithdrawal.Thepersonbecomesanaddictandtheinitialmasonsfortakingthedrugsoonpaleinsignificanceastheneedfordrugsandoralcoholbeginstodominateeveryaspectoftheaddict’slife.Addictionsarelifelongillnessesthatareveryhardtotreat.Thedisturbingfactisthat1/3rdofpatientswhodoreceivetreatmentusuallyrelapsewithinoneyear.

Manyscientistsbelievethataddictionisrelatedtoourmostbasicinstinct,survival.Sincethebeginningoftimeourbrainhasevolvedtoensurethesurvivalofourspecies.Thebraincontrolsbehaviorbyrewardingactionsthatwillensuresurvivalofthespecies.Forexample,theintakeofnutrientssuchassugarsandfatsactivatetastereceptorsthatinturnactivatebrainrewardmechanisms.Theactivationofthesemechanismsproducescertainchangesintheindividualrangingfrombeinginamuchbettermoodtointensepleasureandeuphoria.Wearefarmorelikelytocontinuetoseekoutandeatthesenutrientsbecausethebrainrewardsusfortakingthenutrientsintothebodybyreleasingchemicalsthatmakeusfeelgood.

Theproblemliesinthefactthattheserewardsystemsdonotonlyrewardtheintakeofharmlesssubstancessuchassugarsandfats.Somechemicalsactivatebrainrewardsystemsdirectly,bypassingthesensoryreceptorsmediatingnaturalrewards.Caffeine,alcoholandnicotineallactivatebrainrewardmechanismsdirectly.

Butotherfarmoreharmfuldrugssuchasheroine,crackandcocainearebetteratactivatingbrainrewardsystems,producingafarmorepowerfuleffectcomparedtoafeelingofcalmnessorrelaxationaftereatingagoodnutritiousmeal.Theactivationismuchmoreintensecausingtheindividualtocravethedrugandtofocustheiractivitiesaroundtakingthedrug.Theabilityofaddictivedrugstostronglyactivatebrainrewardmechanismsandtheirabilitytochemicallyalterthenormalfunctioningofthesesystemscanproduceanaddiction.Howeversomepeoplebecomeaddictedwhileothersdonot.

Manypeopledrinkalcoholorsmokecannabisorevencocaineandotherillegaldrugsbutthisdoesnotnecessarilymakethemaddictsandnotalladdictshavethesameintensityofaddiction.Ithasbeenestimatedthatapproximately10%ofanypopulationofanycountrywilltendtohaveanaddictivenatureandbecomeaddictsofsomekind.Itistruethatthoughthatsomeraces,notablyNativeAmericanIndiansandEskimos,dotendtohavehigherratesofaddictionthanothersforreasonsthatarenotfullyunderstood.Itisalsotruethatpeoplewhobecomeaddictsmaybehighlyintelligentandbeextremelymotivatedbutareunabletocontroltheiraddiction.Addictionisbynomeansdependentonintelligence.Someofthemostskilledandintelligentpeoplemightbecomeaddictseventhoughtheyarefullyawareofthedetrimentalnatureofcontinuingtotakedrugsoralcohol.

Thefactisthatstillwedonotknowwhysomepeoplebecomeaddictsandothersdonotalthoughtherearemanytheoriesthatreasonthatsomepeoplesimplyhavean“addictivepersonalitytype”—beingfarmoresusceptibletotherewardmechanismthatproducesaddiction—whileothersstillbelievethatitistheaddicts’lackofwillpowertorefrainfromtakingdrugsoralcohol.Thebiggestkillerthoughisaperson’sdenialofhisorhercondition,thattheybelievethattheydonothaveaproblem,donotseekhelpbutinsteadcontinuetheabuseuntiltheyhaveeitherlosteverythingordieasthebodycannotcopeandeventuallyshutsdown.

1.Inparagraph1,thewordmisconceptionsisclosestinmeaningto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whoismostlikelytobecomeaddictedtodrugsand/oralcohol?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,mostpeoplefirsttrydrugs,andalcoholbecause（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whymighttherebeaprobleminthebrain’snaturalrewardsystem?

5.Inparagraph7,thewordintensityisclosestinmeaningto（）.

问题1选项

A.unprovedstatistics

B.wrongideas

C.truth

D.apprehension

问题2选项

A.Onlypeoplewhohavethefinancialmeanstobuydrugsandalcohol.

B.Usuallyonlycriminals.

C.Addictiondoesnothaveapreference.

D.Anyonewhotriesdrugsandalcoholisimmediatelyaddicted.

问题3选项

A.thereisnorealreason,itjusthappens

B.theyneedtoforgetaboutstress

C.everyonedoesit

D.peoplehavedifferentreasons

问题4选项

A.Becausecaffeineisdangerousandstimulatesourmetabolism.

B.Peoplewillbecomeinstantlyaddictedtonicotine.

C.Someharmfulsubstancescanfoolthebrainintothinkingtheyaregood.

D.Somepeoplearenaturallymoreaddictivetodrugsalcoholthanothers.

问题5选项

A.euphoria

B.level

C.result

D.desire

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.语义推测题。定位到文章第一段，Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutaddictionisthatitonlyaffectscertaingroupswithinsociety（关于成瘾最大的误解之一是，它只影响社会中的某些群体），wrongideas（错误的想法）与misconception（误解）意思最为接近，unprovedstatistics未经证实的统计，真相事实，apprehension赞赏，因此选项B正确。

2.判断推理题。定位到文章第一段Thetruthishoweverthataddictionisblindtorace,colorandsocio-economicbackground（然而，事实是，上瘾是无视种族，肤色和社会经济背景的），意思就是上瘾和经济、犯罪等是没有直接关系的，而Addictiondoesnothaveapreference（上瘾是没有偏好的）与原文表达意义相近，因此C选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。定位到文章第二段，Someofthesemightincludepeerpressurefromfriends,stressandpersonalitycharacteristics.（其中一些可能包括来自朋友的同辈压力，压力和个性特征）表明每个人都是有不同原因的，因此选项D符合题意。

4.判断推理题。定位到文章第五段，Theproblemliesinthefactthattheserewardsystemsdonotonlyrewardtheintakeofharmlesssubstancessuchassugarsandfats.Somechemicalsactivatebrainrewardsystemsdirectly,bypassingthesensoryreceptorsmediatingnaturalrewards.Caffeine,alcoholandnicotineallactivatebrainrewardmechanismsdirectly.（问题在于，这些奖励系统不仅奖励摄入无害的物质，如糖和脂肪。一些化学物质直接激活大脑的奖励系统，绕过调节自然奖励的感觉感受器。咖啡因，酒精和尼古丁都能直接激活大脑的奖励机制）表明人类的大脑奖励系统不能够准确地识别摄入物质是否有害，因此选项C符合题意。

5.定位到文章第七段，…havethesameintensityofaddiction…有相同上瘾的程度，intensity意为程度，与level意义最为相近，因此选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.D.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fighting,andsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.

Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,oforevenofearth'sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderofhardnessandseethesocialsciencesasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme.

Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandhighlyinsecure.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause______.

2.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause______.

3.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause______.

问题1选项

A.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable

B.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata

C.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences

D.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience

问题2选项

A.newinformationisconstantlycomingin

B.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict

D.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime

问题3选项

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第一段提到尽管我们对社会制度的认识在许多方面不准确，但也不太可能被新的发现彻底推翻（Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries），由此可知选项A“关于社会制度的记录更为可靠”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第二段第一句话提到我们对于天文宇宙（属于自然科学）甚至地球地质历史的图像形象都很容易发生受到革命性的变化，因为会不断有新的数据和理论出现来推翻之前的理论（Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,oforevenofearth'sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout），由此可知自然科学之所以不断变化是因为时刻有不同的理论出现，选项D符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第二段倒数第一句话提到人类对于天文宇宙的记录是非常有限的（Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme），所以人们对天文宇宙的了解很少。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Withourmagnificentnewcollegesoffurthereducation,thesuper-polytechnicsspringinguplikemushrooms,andourmuchvauntedincreaseofstudentsinfull-timeeducation,onevitalpointisbeinglefttousofeducationalthinking.Whatwillitearn?Because—sadasitmayseemtothosewhobelieveinits-mind-broadening,horizon-wideningandstaminatestingqualities—youcan'teateducation.Thereare39universitiesandcollegesofferingdegreecoursesinGeography,butIhaveneverseenanygoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised.OramIaloneinsuspectingthattheywillallreturntoteachGeographytoanothersetofstudents,whointurnwillteachmoreGeographyundergraduates?

OnlytenuniversitiescurrentlyofferdegreecoursesinAeronauticalEngineering,whichperhapsisjustaswell,inviewofthespeedwiththeaircraftindustryhasbeendispensingwithexcesspersonnel.Ontheotherhand,hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.Thereason?Universitymedicalschoolscanonlyfindplacesforhalforthosewhoapply.

ItseemstomethatthetimeisripefortheDepartmentofEmploymentandProductivityandtheDepartmentofEducationandSciencetogettogetherwiththeuniversitiesandproducearevisededucationalsystemthatwillmakeamoreeconomicuseofthewealthoftalent,applicationandindustrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.Theymightmakeastartbyreintroducingagenuine“General”CertificateofEducation.Inthedayswhenitmeantsomething,thiswascalledtheSchoolCertificate.Employerslikedit,becauseitindicatedproficiencyinEnglish,Arithmetic,ScienceandHumanities—inotherwords,thatyouhadanall-roundeducation.Youcoulduseitasaspringboardtohighereducation,butitactuallymeantsomethinginitself,ineveryindustryforchemicaltoclothing.

1.TheusefulnessofGeographycoursesisrestrictedmainlybecause（

）.

2.Incontrastwiththeaircraftindustry,hospitals

（

）.

3.“Industry”(Line4,Para3)means

（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“noonewantstoknowabout”(Line5,Para.3)?

问题1选项

A.therearenogoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised

B.Geographygraduatescanonlybeteachers

C.GeographygraduatesarenotallowedtodothejobsrelatedtoGeography

D.Geographygraduatesarenotqualifiedformanyjobsduetothepoortrainingtheyreceivedinschool

问题2选项

A.arefullofqualifiedpersonnel

B.havemorequalifiedpersonnelthanschools

C.needmorequalifiedpersonnelthantheycanget

D.needfewerpersonnelthanotherorganizations

问题3选项

A.business

B.hardwork

C.trade

D.educationalsystem

问题4选项

A.Nooneknowsaboutthem.

B.Noonehastheideaoftheuseofthem

C.Thereisnointerestinordemandforthem

D.Thereisnouseinknowingaboutthem

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的内容“教育思想留给我们一个重要的问题。它能挣多少钱?对于那些相信教育能使人开阔思维、开阔视野、具备吃苦耐劳品质的人来说这似乎很悲哀，因为教育并不能让你填饱肚子。”接下来以地理专业的毕业生为例来说明这个问题，所以由此可以推断，地理课程的实用性收到限制是因为教育的问题，所以选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段倒数第二句“hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.由于缺少医生，全国各地的医院急诊室都不得不关闭。”由此可知，医院需要比他们所能得到的还要更多的合格人员，选项C符合原文。

3.词义题。根据下文的描述“industrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.目前，‘industry’正在提供没有人想知道的证书、文凭和学位。”证书，文凭和学位都是涉及教育的，由此可推测“industry”指的是教育体系。

4.语义题。根据上一题可知，这里没人想知道的是教育体系所提供的证书，文凭和学位。再根据第三段的内容可知，作者呼吁各部门一起改变现有的教育体系，并建议引进真正通用的教育证书。说明人们对现在的教育体系所提供的证书，文凭和学位不感兴趣而且也不需要。所以选项C符合原文。

6.单选题

Inwhat（）toalastminutestayofexecutionacouncilannouncedthatemergencyfundingwouldkeepalivetwoagingsatellites.

问题1选项

A.applies

B.accounts

C.attaches

D.amounts

【答案】D

【解析】辨析题。applyto应用于；accountto对...做出解释；attachto联系；amountsto导致。句意：在最后一分钟,

导致延迟处决的是委员会宣布应急基金将使两颗已使用多年的卫星继续运行。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.

问题1选项

A.conceal

B.consent

C.abide

D.comply

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conceal“隐藏，隐瞒”；B选项consent“同意，准许”；C选项abide“忍受”；D选项comply“遵守”。

句意：不言而喻，拒绝遵守法律的人将受到惩罚。complywith意为“遵守”，所以选项D正确。

8.单选题

Mostofthelocalpeopleinvolvedintheaffairhavebeen（）anddismissed.

问题1选项

A.smuggled

B.prosecuted

C.saluted

D.thrived

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句中and连接空格和dismissed(解雇),因此B项prosecuted(检举，告发)符合句意。

9.单选题

______aticketforthematch,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.

问题1选项

A.Obtainingnot

B.Notobtaining

C.Nothavingobtained

D.Notobtained

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。由后半句可知“他现在只能在家看电视”，即未买到比赛的票是既成事实，并且此事实对现在产生了影响，因此应该使用现在完成时态。主语he与动词obtain之间是主动关系，所以使用现在分词的现在完成时态。因此C选项符合题意。

10.单选题

IX.ForensicAppraisal

ManycriminalprocedurescholarswhovaguelyfollowedtheKingcasehadahardtimeunderstandingwhatthefusswasabout.Theirpositionmightbesummedupbythemajority’sassertionthat“DNAidentificationisanadvancedtechniquesuperiortofingerprintinginmanyways,somuchsothattoinsistonfingerprintsasthenormwouldmakelittlesensetoeithertheforensicexpertoralayperson.”ConsideringthattheFBIdatabasecontainsover100millionsetsoffingerprints,andthatitprocessedmorethan61millionten-printsubmissionsin2010alone,thisequationofDNAidentificationwithfingerprinttechnologysuggestsabrightfutureforlawenforcement’sDNAcollectionpractices.Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?

ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.Inshort,thepriorPartarguesthattheKingopinioncanbereadasanembraceofexpansiveforensicDNAtesting.

KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy,butsimplyanexpressionoftheCourt’slackofsolicitudeforthoseentangledinthecriminaljusticesystem.ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatfingerprintis___andDNAis___.

2.WhichoneisNOTamisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtyping?

3.TheauthorthinksthattheKingcase___.

4.FromwhichofthefollowingcanyouseethattheauthorthinksthattheissuefortheCourtwasnotthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen”?

问题1选项

A.genetic,biometric

B.biometric,genetic

C.genetic,genetictoo

D.biometric,biometrictoo

问题2选项

A.DNAtypingwillnotbeofconcerntoordinarypeople.

B.ThemoreDNAsamplesfromindividualsarecollected,morecrimeswillbesolved.

C.Policewillnotlookintosensitiveorprivategeneticinformation.

D.AlotofcrimeswillbesolvedifmoreDNAsamplesarecollectedfromknownindividuals.

问题3选项

A.isastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsampling

B.astatementaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees

C.acasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrant

D.isadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy

问题4选项

A.DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.

B.ConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee.

C.TheConstitutionpermitsthestatetoimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacy.

D.TheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?（那么，如果警方拥有的是数百万人的基因资料，而不是生物特征资料，会有什么不同呢?）可以推测出DNA信息为基因资料，指纹信息为生物特征资料，选B选项“生物特征识别的；基因的”；A选项“基因的；生物特征识别的”，C选项“基因的；基因的”，D选项“生物特征识别的；生物特征识别的”都不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

2.事实细节题。定位到原文第二段ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.（本部分论述了贯穿金观点的关于法医DNA分型的三个误解：首先，DNA分型只会引起罪犯的关注；第二，警方不会调查敏感或私人的基因信息，法律保护不被滥用；第三，从已知个体中收集更多的DNA样本将破获很多犯罪）可知A选项“普通人不会关心DNA分型”，C选项“警方不会调查敏感或私人的基因信息”以及D选项“如果从已知的个体中收集更多的DNA样本，很多犯罪将会被解决”和原文对应；B选项“从个人身上收集的DNA样本越多，侦破的案件就越多”原文未提及。因此B选项符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.（King可能被看作是一个关于DNA取样的法律地位的声明，而不是关于被捕者的法律地位）可知选A选项“是关于DNA取样的法律地位的声明”，同时可知B选项“关于被逮捕者的法律地位的声明”和原文相悖；第三段ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.（它可以被简单地看作是萨姆森诉加州案的自然结果，在这个案件中，基于假释者作为有条件自由的主体地位的下降，在没有搜查令或怀疑的情况下对他们进行随机搜查是合理的）可知C选项“一个没有搜查令就对假释犯进行随机搜查的案件”错误，萨姆森诉加州案才是一个没有搜查令就对假释犯进行随机搜查的案件；第三段Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy（在这段讲述中，金并不是一个对基因隐私普遍不感兴趣的宣言）可知D选项“是对基因隐私普遍不感兴趣的声明”和原文相悖。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。定位到最后一段末ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.（但是，如果决定最高法院的问题是被逮捕者应得到比“一般公民”更少的保护，那么似乎最高法院可以仅以这些理由作为其意见的依据。换句话说，最高法院可以说，“DNA检测是对身体完整性的严重而重大的侵犯。但是，当涉及到被捕者时，宪法允许国家以足够令人信服的利益侵犯身体隐私的最基本方面。因此，《宪法》允许对被逮捕者进行DNA取样，尽管所涉入侵的情况很严重。”它本可以将这一观点作为只适用于已定罪的罪犯和被逮捕者的绝对例外加以隔离，并宣布守法公众的DNA是不可侵犯的。）可知选B选项“宪法允许对被捕者进行DNA取样”，原文所说是宪法允许国家以足够令人信服的利益侵犯身体隐私的最基本方面，C选项“宪法允许国家侵犯身体隐私的最基本方面”和原文有偏差；A选项“DNA测试是对身体完整性的严重而重要的侵犯”和D选项“法院本可以仅以这些理由作为其意见的依据”是在最高法院的问题是被逮捕者应得到比“一般公民”更少的保护的情况下成立，和题目相悖。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethe______shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.

问题1选项

A.disclosed

B.created

C.disguised

D.distinguished

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项disclosed“揭露的”；B选项created“创造的”；C选项disguised“伪装的”；D选项distinguished“辨别的”。句意：一个世纪前，弗洛伊德阐述了革命性的理论，即梦是人们潜意识中欲望和恐惧……后的预示。A选项disclosed（揭露的）不符合题意，可排除。B选项created（创造的）不符合题意，可排除。C选项正确。

12.单选题

Bycreatingvalue,apowerfulmessage,youcangetpeopletocometoyou,insteadoftryingto（

）themwithyourmessageandbrand.

问题1选项

A.substantiate

B.authenticate

C.satiate

D.smother

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。substantiate“证实”；authenticate“鉴定”；satiate“充分满足”；smother“使窒息，抑制”。句意：通过创造价值和强有力的信息，你就能让大家来到身边，而不要尝试用自己的信息和品牌让来让他们感到窒息。insteadof表转折，而不要尝试通过······可知空格处所填单词应为贬义词，故答案为D。

13.单选题

Themodernpoetshavegonebacktothefancifulpoemsofthe______poetsoftheseventeenthcenturyformanyoftheirimages.

问题1选项

A.philosophical

B.transcendental

C.melancholic

D.metaphysical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项philosophical表示“哲学的”，B项transcendental表示“先验的，卓越的”，C项melancholic表示“忧郁的，抑郁的”，D项metaphysical表示“形而上学的，玄学派诗歌的”。根据关键词fancifulpoems（幻想的诗歌）可知，“玄学派诗歌的”符合语境。句意：现代诗人的许多意象又回到了十七世纪玄学诗人的幻想诗歌中。因此，该题选择D项正确。

14.单选题

Tradinginprivatesharesisgrowingrapidly,thoughit’shardto________exactnumbers.

问题1选项

A.boildown

B.pindown

C.turndown

D.countdown

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.boildown归结，浓缩B.pindown确定，明确

C.turndown调低，调小D.countdown倒数，倒计时

【考查点】动词词组辨析。

【解题思路】空格处与下文的“exactnumbers（确切的数额）”构成动宾逻辑，it’shardtodosth.句式意为“很难做某事”，表示很难怎么样确切的数额。though引导了一个让步状语从句，根据从句内容所得出的某种预期应与主句“内部股票的交易正在迅速增长（growingrapidly）”之间存在相反的逻辑关系，说明该预期应为“不清楚交易的增长情况”。通常来说只有确定了增长的数额，才能清楚交易的增长情况，由此可知从句部分所表达的应该是“很难确定确切的数额”。同时，由“exact（确切的）”也可推出应该是“确定”一个具体的数额。pindown指准确地表述或解释某事物，因此B选项pindown“确定，明确”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项boildown“归结，浓缩”指通过删去不重要的部分使事物或信息变得更简短精炼，不符合题干的语义逻辑；

C选项turndown“调低，调小”指通过操作按钮或开关等控制装置来降低某物的音量、温度等，不能和“确切的数额（exactnumbers）”进行搭配；

D选项countdown“倒数，倒计时”指按从大到小的倒序数，可引申为密切注意在某一特定时刻或事件发生前还剩多少时间，不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】尽管很难确定确切的数字，但内部股票的交易正在迅速增长。

15.单选题

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora"teach-in"honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfhearted-andanothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon'thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennial,in1909,thatyear,Lincoln'slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasury.Communitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountryeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lectures,andmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorld