考研考博-英语-云南农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Despitehisoccasionalfondnessforgambling,heisstillconsideredasagoodboy______.

问题1选项

A.asthewhole

B.forthewhole

C.bythewhole

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项asthewhole和D选项onthewhole都意为“总的来说”，asthewhole强调把部分和整体作为为两方面，相当于分分结构，onthewhole强调整体包含部分，相当于分总结构；B选项forthewhole和C选项bythewhole非固定搭配。句意：尽管他有偶尔赌博的嗜好，______他仍然被认为是一个好孩子。根据语境，这里强调赌博的嗜好是整体是好孩子的一部分，D选项onthewhole符合题意。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.100.

B.232.

C.132.

D.332.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Thereareonly100passengersonthisairplane.

W:Thatleaves132emptyseats.

Q:Howmanyseatsarethereonthisairplane?

【解析】计算题。男士说飞机上现有乘客100个，女士说还有132个空位。因此飞机总共可以容纳232个乘客。

3.单选题

Youcannotbe_______carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

问题1选项

A.very

B.too

C.so

D.enough

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：开车越小心就越好。B选项cannottoo加形容词“越……越好”，其余选项非固定搭配且不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Inthespringof2010,fiscalausteritybecamefashionable.Iusethetermadvisedly:thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.Itwasmorelikeafad,somethingeveryoneprofessedtobelievebecausethatwaswhatthein-crowdwassaying.

Andit’safadthathasbeenfadinglately,asevidencehasaccumulatedthatthelessonsofthepastremainrelevant,thattryingtobalancebudgetsinthefaceofhighunemploymentandfallinginflationisstillareallybadidea.Mostnotably,theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemploymentbecauseitreassuresconsumersandbusinesses;butmultiplestudiesofhistoricalrecord,includingonebytheInternationalMonetaryFund,haveshownthatthisclaimhasnobasisinreality.

Nowidespreadfadeverpasses,however,withoutleavingsomefashionvictimsinitswake.Inthiscase,thevictimsarethepeopleofBritain,whohavethemisfortunetoberuledbyagovernmentthattookofficeattheheightoftheausterityfadandwon’tadmitthatitwaswrong.Britain,likeAmerica,issufferingfromtheaftermathofahousinganddebtbubble.ItsproblemsarecompoundedbyLondon’sroleasaninternationalfinancialcenter:Britaincametorelyontoomuchonprofitsfromwheelinganddealingtodriveitseconomyandonfinancial-industrytaxpaymentstopayforgovernmentprograms.

Over-relianceonthefinancialindustrylargelyexplainswhyBritain,whichcameintothecrisiswithrelativelylowpublicdebt,hasseenitsbudgetdeficitsoarto11percentofGD.P.slightlyworsethantheU.S.deficit.Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.Theoperativewordhereshould,however,be“eventually.”Fiscalausteritywilldepresstheeconomyfurtherunlessitcanbeoffsetbyafallininterestrates.Rightnow,interestratesinBritain,asinAmerica,arealreadyverylow,withlittleroomtofallfurther.Thesensiblething,then,istodeviseaplanforputtingthenation’sfiscalhouseinorder,whilewaitinguntilasolideconomicrecoveryisunderwaybeforewieldingtheax.

Buttrendyfashion,almostbydefinition,isn’tsensibleandtheBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.BoththenewBritishbudgetannouncedonWednesdayandtherhetoricthataccompaniedtheannouncementmighthavecomestraightfromthedeskofAndrewMellon,theTreasurysecretarywhotoldPresidentHerbertHoovertofighttheDepressionbyliquidatingthefarmers,liquidatingtheworkers,anddrivingdownwages.OrifyouprefermoreBritishprecedents,itechoestheSnowdenbudgetof1931,whichtriedtorestoreconfidencebutendedupdeepeningtheeconomiccrisis.

TheBritishgovernment’splanisbold,saythepunditsandsoitis.Butitboldlygoesinexactlythewrongdirection.Itwouldcutgovernmentemploymentby490,000workerstheequivalentofalmostthreemillionlayoffsintheUnitedStatesatatimewhentheprivatesectorisinnopositiontoprovidealternativeemployment.Itwouldslashspendingatatimewhenprivatedemandisn’tatallreadytotakeuptheslack.WhyistheBritishgovernmentdoingthis?Therealreasonhasalottodowithideology:theToriesareusingthedeficitasanexcusetodownsizethewelfarestate.Buttheofficialrationaleisthatthereisnoalternative.

Whathappensnow?MaybeBritainwillgetlucky,andsomethingwillcomealongtorescuetheeconomy.ButthebestguessisthatBritainin2011willlooklikeBritainin1931,ortheUnitedStatesin1937,orJapanin1997.Thatis,prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump.Asalways,thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.

1.The“fiscalausterity”refersto（）.

2.Bysaying“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth”，theauthormeans（）.

3.Whatiswrongwiththecurrentgovernment’sfinancialpolicy?

4.BymentioningAndrewMellon,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Totheauthor,thepracticeoffiscalausteritywillcertainlyleadto（）.

问题1选项

A.theconsensusamongfinancialadvisers

B.thereductioninexpenditure

C.thesevereeconomicrecession

D.thehighinflationrate

问题2选项

A.balancingbudgetsdoesnothelpwithemployment

B.businesseshavenotimprovedtheiroperation

C.reducingbudgetsisnolongerafadnow

D.fallinginflationhasgivenconsumersconfidence

问题3选项

A.Itcutsfinancial-industrytaxpayments.

B.ItignoresBritain’sfinancialsituation.

C.IthaslaunchedBritainintoanotherslump.

D.ItismadeasaresponsetocrisesinAmerica.

问题4选项

A.theAmericanleadershavemadethesamemistake

B.theTreasurysecretaryignoredtheinterestsofthefarmersandworkers

C.theBritishgovernment’sbudgetplanisseriouslywrong

D.theAmericanleadersgivesubstantialsupporttotheirBritishcounterparts

问题5选项

A.anunexpectedrecovery

B.improvedemployment

C.renewedconfidence

D.arepeatedrecession

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.”，可知第一句中的fiscalausterity等同于这里的balancebudgets。严肃人士之间突然达成的共识是，现在每个人都必须平衡预算，而这种共识并不是基于任何仔细的分析。所以平衡预算需要缩减开支，选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第二段，“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemployment”，可知自信的神话变成了一种虚构。用来暗示财政紧缩政策并没有帮助经济恢复，而财政赤字实际上能降低失业率，并且在第二段中用大量的事实说明了财政紧缩政策并没带来实际作用。可推断出财政紧缩政策对提高就业率并没有产生帮助。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第四段，“Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.”，可知毫无疑问，英国最终将需要通过削减开支和增加税收来平衡收支。可推断出削减金融业的税收的财政政策是错误的。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“theBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.”，可知英国政府似乎忽视了历史的教训。下文用AndrewMellon的荒谬政策加深经济危机的例子来进一步说明英国政府的平衡收支计划是错误的，忽视了历史教训。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump…thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.”，可知过早的财政紧缩将导致新一轮的经济衰退，拒绝吸取历史教训的人注定要重蹈覆辙。可判断出作者认为财政紧缩的做法肯定会导致经济衰退重蹈覆辙。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Lookingathistoryfromouruniqueperspective,we’llnaturally（）thepowerfulexamplesetbytheAmericanRevolution.

问题1选项

A.remindthat

B.beremindedthat

C.remindof

D.beremindedof

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配和语法。根据空格后“thepowerfulexamplesetbytheAmericanRevolution”，可知这不是一个句子，所以不需要用that引导。选项A和B可排除。又因为固定搭配“remindsb.ofsth.”使某人想起……，sb.和remind之前存在被动关系。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

InPlato’sRepublicwefindadiscussionaboutmoralityandselfishness.Plato’sbrotherGlauconistryingtomakeSocratesgivesomegoodreasonsforwhyitisbettertobejustthantobeunjust.Glauconinsiststhatallpeoplebynaturelookafterthemselves,andwheneverwecangetawaywithsomething,wewilldoit,regardlessofhowunjustitmaybetoothers.Unfortunately,wemayreceivethesametreatmentfromothers,whichishighlyunpleasant,soforthesakeofpeaceandsecurityweagreetotreateachotherdecently—notbecausewewantto,butbecauseweareplayingitsafe.Moralityisjustaresultofourlookingoutforourselves.Ifwecangetawaywithsomething,itisournaturetomakethemostofit.

WhatGlauconissuggestinghereabouttheoriginofsocietyisafirstinWesternthought.Histheoryisanexampleofwhathasbecomeknownassocialcontracttheory,andthistypeoftheorybecameparticularlyinfluentialmuchlater,intheeighteenthcentury.Asocialcontracttheoryassumesthathumansusedtoliveinapre-socialsetting(withoutrules,regulations,orcooperation)andthen,forvariousreasons,gottogetherandagreedonsettingupasociety.Generally,socialcontracttheoriesassumethathumansdecidetobuildasocietywithrulesforthesakeofthecommongoodorforthesakeofself-protection.Thetheoryistodayknownaspsychologicalegoism.

ToGlaucon,decentpersonswilldo“unjust”thingsjustasquicklyasscoundrelsiftheyknowtheycangetawaywithitsincetheirhumannaturesareidentical.HereGlauconisactingasthedevil’sadvocateinordertomakeSocratesdefendjusticeassomethingthatisgoodinitself.Surelyweallcanremembereventsinourlivesthatshowthatwedon’talwaysactoutofself-interest.WemayrememberthatMotherTeresaandotherunselfishsoulshavespenttheirliveshelpingothers.Thepsychologicalegoistwouldcontendthattheymaynothavebeenawareoftheirtruemotives,butselfishitwas,somehow.Thesepeople,probably,wantedtogettoHeaven,toatoneforpastwrongdoing,ormaybetheyjustwantedtofeelwarminside.

Thistheory,cynicalasitmaysound,hasestablisheditselffirmlyinthemindsofmanymodernpeople.Somehow,thistheoryremovesthehalofromabovetheheadofeveryheroandeveryunselfishpersoninthehistoryofhumankind.Onereason,then,forthistheory’spopularityisitspresumedhonesty.Closelyrelatedtothenotionofhonestyisourmodernfascinationwithcynicism.Oftentimes,peoplearetrulyselfishanddevious,andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.However,thereisadifferencebetweenthiskindofprudentskepticismandauniversalcynicismthatbordersonparanoia.Suchradicalcynicismdoesn’tallowforthepossibilityoftheexistenceofgoodnessandkindness,andthisisoneoftheerrorspsychologicalegoistsareproneto.Psychologicalegoistsneversaythatwecan’thelpbeingselfishtothebone—theyjustsaythatthereissomehiddenselfishmotiveforwhateverwedothatwemaynotbeevenawareof.

1.WhatisthemainreasonformentreatingeachotherdecentlyaccordingtoGlaucon?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthesocialcontracttheory?

3.HowwouldpsychologicalegoistsinterprettheexampleofMotherTeresa?

4.Whaterrorsarepsychologicalegoistslikelytomake?

问题1选项

A.Itisnotrightforonetobeunjusttootherpeople.

B.Itisbeneficialforpeopletoretainpeaceandsecurity.

C.Moralityandselflessnessarewhatweshouldpursue.

D.Wearepronetomakethemostofsomething.

问题2选项

A.Itiscontrarytopsychologicalegoists’beliefs.

B.Itrecordshumanlifeinaworldwithoutoperationandrules.

C.Itpresumesthatasocietywithrulesistoguaranteethebenefitsofall.

D.Itassumesthatpeoplearebynatureunselfish.

问题3选项

A.Shehelpsothersforthesakeofherself

B.Justiceisgoodinitselftothedevil’sadvocate.

C.Descentpersonswilldounjustthingsaswell.

D.Sheisatypicalpersonwithfeelingsofparanoia.

问题4选项

A.Theydonotjustifytheirtheoryfully.

B.Theyhavechangedpeople’sview.

C.Theyneverwarnpeopleoftheirunawareselfishness.

D.Theygototheextremeofdisbelievingpeople

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段倒数第三句“forthesakeofpeaceandsecurity...weareplayingitsafe.”为了和平与安全,我们同意善待彼此——不是因为我们想这样做,而是因为我们谨慎行事。也就是说人与人之间保持和平与安全是有益的。选项B符合原文。

2.根据关键词“socialcontracttheory”定位到原文第二段,根据倒数第二句“Generally,socialcontracttheories...forthesakeofself-protection.”一般来说,社会契约理论认为,人类决定建立一个有规则的社会是为了公共利益或自我保护。选项C符合原文。

3.根据关键词“MotherTeresa”定位到第三段最后三句,心理利己主义者认为他们可能没有意识到自己的真实动机,但从某种程度上来说,他们是自私的。这些人可能是想上天堂,为过去的错误行为赎罪,或者他们只是想感受内心的温暖。选项A符合原文。

4.根据最后一段倒数第二句“Suchradicalcynicism...psychologicalegoistsareproneto.”这种极端的犬儒主义不允许善良和善良存在的可能性,这是心理利己主义者容易犯的错误之一。也就是说他们很极端,容易怀疑他人,所以选项D正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

7.单选题

Don'tbehardonLilly.Sheis（

）andshemaystarttocry.

问题1选项

A.sophisticated

B.sympathetic

C.sensitive

D.sensible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。sophisticated意为“老练的，见过世面的”；sympathetic意为“同情的，有同情心的”；sensitive意为“敏感的，易受影响的”；sensible意为“理智的，明智的”。

句意：别对莉莉太苛刻。她很敏感，她可能会哭了。

8.翻译题

Asimilarmovementisgoingonbeforeourowneyes.Modernbourgeoissociety,withitsrelationsofproduction,ofexchangeandofproperty,asocietythathasconjuredupsuchgiganticmeansofproductionandofexchange,islikethesorcererwhoisnolongerabletocontrolthepowersofthenetherworldwhomhehascalledupbyhisspells.Formanyadecadepast,thehistoryofindustryandcommerceisbutthehistoryoftherevoltofmodernproductiveforcesagainstmodernconditionsofproduction,againstthepropertyrelationsthataretheconditionsfortheexistenceofthebourgeoisandofitsrule.Itisenoughtomentionthecommercialcrisesthat,bytheirperiodicalreturn,puttheexistenceoftheentirebourgeoissocietyonitstrial,eachtimemorethreateningly.Inthesecrises,agreatpartnotonlyoftheexistingproducts,butalsoofthepreviouslycreatedproductiveforces,areperiodicallydestroyed.Inthesecrises,therebreaksoutanepidemicthat,inallearlierepochs,wouldhaveseemedanabsurdity—theepidemicofover-production.Societysuddenlyfindsitselfputbackintoastateofmomentarybarbarism;itappearsasifafamine,auniversalwarofdevastation,hadcutoffthesupplyofeverymeansofsubsistence;industryandcommerceseemtobedestroyed.Andwhy?

Becausethereistoomuchcivilization,toomuchmeansofsubsistence,toomuchindustry,toomuchcommerce.Theproductiveforcesatthedisposalofsocietynolongertendtofurtherthedevelopmentoftheconditionsofbourgeoisproperty;onthecontrary,theyhavebecometoopowerfulfortheseconditions,bywhichtheyarefettered,andsosoonastheyovercomethesefetters,theybringdisorderintothewholeofbourgeoissociety,endangertheexistenceofbourgeoisproperty.Theconditionsofbourgeoissocietyaretoonarrowtocomprisethewealthcreatedbythem.Andhowdoesthebourgeoisiegetoverthesecrises?Ontheonehand,byenforceddestructionofamassofproductiveforces;ontheother,bytheconquestofnewmarkets,andbythemorethoroughexploitationoftheoldones.Thatistosay,bypavingthewayformoreextensiveandmoredestructivecrises,andbydiminishingthemeanswherebycrisesareprevented.

【答案】现在，我们眼前又进行着类似的运动。资产阶级的生产关系和交换关系，资产阶级的所有制关系，这个曾经仿佛用法术创造了如此庞大的生产资料和交换手段的现代资产阶级社会，现在像一个魔法师一样不能再支配自己用法术呼唤出来的魔鬼了。几十年来的工业和商业的历史，只不过是现代生产力反抗现代生产关系、反抗作为资产阶级及其统治的存在条件的所有制关系的历史。只要指出在周期性的重复中越来越危及整个资产阶级社会生存的商业危机就够了。在商业危机期间，总是不仅有很大一部分制成的产品被毁灭掉，而且有很大一部分已经造成的生产力被毁灭掉。在危机期间，发生一种在过去一切时代看来都好像是荒唐现象的社会瘟疫，即生产过剩的瘟疫。社会突然发现自己回到了一时的野蛮状态：仿佛是一次饥荒、一场普遍的毁灭性战争，使社会失去了全部生活资料；仿佛是工业和商业全被毁灭了，——这是什么缘故呢？因为社会上文明过度，生活资料太多，工业和商业太发达。社会所拥有的生产力已经不能再促进资产阶级文明和资产阶级所有制关系的发展；相反，生产力已经强大到这种关系所不能适应的地步，它已经受到这种关系的阻碍；而它一着手克服这种障碍，就使整个资产阶级社会陷入混乱，就使资产阶级所有制的存在受到威胁。资产阶级的关系已经太狭窄了，再容纳不了它本身所造成的财富了。——资产阶级用什么办法来克服这种危机呢？一方面不得不消灭大量生产力，另一方面夺取新的市场，更加彻底地利用旧的市场。这究竟是怎样的一种办法呢？这不过是资产阶级准备更全面更猛烈的危机的办法，不过是使防止危机的手段越来越少的办法。

9.单选题

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto（）addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

问题1选项

A.clarify

B.justify

C.identify

D.magnify

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项clarify“澄清，阐明”；B选项justify“证明……是正当的，替……辩护”；C选项identify“确定，鉴定，识别，辨认出”；D选项maglify“放大，赞美，夸大”。句意：他们发起了一项运动，让在线票务公司……消费者购票时增加的成本。

10.单选题

Therecentdebateonacidrainisagainsettingenvironmentalistheadtoheadagainstindustry.Butthistime,acuriousphilosophyhasemergedinWashingtonthatsaysthemoreweknowaboutaproblem,themoreuncertaintyisintroducedandthemoreitneedstobestudied.Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.

Researchersgenerallyagreethatacidrainarisesprimarilyfromtheburningofcoalandoil.Theemissionscontainoxidesofnitrogenandsulfur,whichcanbecarriedhundredsofmilesontheprevailingwesterlywinds.Theyeventuallyreturntoearthasdrygasesandparticulatesandreactwithgroundwaterstoformnitricorsulfuricacid.Theymayalsobeconvertedtotheacidsintheatmospherebychemicalprocessesthatarestillnotfullyunderstood.

However,theacidsareformed,theyhavealreadybeenchargedwithasubstantiallistofdamages.Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.Otherformsofdamagearefarmoreinsidiousandlonger-lasting.Thereisevidence,forexample,thattheacidsleachheavymetals—aluminum,lead,andmercury—fromthesoil,whichthenpoisonplantrootsanddeprivethemofvitalnutrients.Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.

Theeffectsofacidrainaremoresevereintheeasternpartofthecountryfortworeasons.First,mostcoalburningoccursinOhio,Illinois,andIndiana,accordingtoEvilleGorham,professorofecologyandbotanyattheUniversityofMinnesotaandamodernpioneerinthestudyofacidrain.ThesestatesproduceaboutaquarterofallU.S.oxideemissions,hetoldthisyear’sAmericanChemicalSocietymeetinginLasVegasandtheairborneparticulatestendtowindupintheNortheast.

ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.Together,thesefactorsexplainwhatGorhamcallsa“poolofacidairpollution”overtheNortheastthatisstronglysuspectedofhavingkilledorinjuredaquaticlifeinmorethan200lakesinNewYork’sAdirondackregion.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acidrain（

）.

2.Theauthorimpliesthat

（

）.

3.ThedamagingeffectsofacidrainarefeltlessintheWestbecause

（

）.

4.TheLEASTseriousproblemcausedbyacidrainisthe（

）.

问题1选项

A.leadstobirthdefectsinfish

B.ishallucinogenic

C.travelsinawesterlydirection

D.addsmineralstothesoil

问题2选项

A.legislatorsarephilosophical

B.bureaucratsseeminglypreferdiscussiontoaction

C.awarenessofaproblemisfutile

D.acidrainisadebatablephenomenon

问题3选项

A.elementsinwesternsoilneutralizetheacid

B.thewesternstatesproduceone-fourthofallAmericanemissionsofsulfuroxides

C.theAdirondackregionisinupstateNewYork

D.easternsoilisrichinmagnesium

问题4选项

A.leachingofheavymetalsfromthesoil

B.alterationofbloodchemistryinfish

C.poisoningofplantroots

D.corrosionofmetalstructures

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第三段中Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.在湖泊和河流中，这种酸会改变鱼类的血液化学成分。与此同时，这些金属对某些物种的鳃系统造成了不可逆转的损害，如鲈鱼和海参。随着毒素浓度的增加，卵孵化减少，畸形胚胎的数量增加。”可知A项正确。

2.判断推理题。定位到第一段中“Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.因此，我们比以往任何时候知道更多关于酸雨及其影响，这似乎是一个前所未有的监管解决方案。”可知C项正确。

3.判断推理题。定位最后一段中“ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.第二个原因是北美土壤的化学组成不同，西方土壤相对丰富的镁和钙碳酸盐中和化合物，但东部粗糙、浅层土壤的这种缓冲能力要小得多。”可知A项西部土壤中的元素中和了这种酸正确。

4.细节事实题。定位到第三段中“Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.（酸雨）对金属结构的腐蚀在该国（美国）迎风的地区是显而易见的，不过该腐蚀所带来的损害在酸雨所带来的损害名单上却是相对较小的。”可知D项正确。

11.单选题

Nosoonerhadtheautomobilemechanicenteredtheroomthanhebegantotakeoffhis（）coveralls.

问题1选项

A.tedious

B.hollow

C.greasy

D.salutary

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。tedious沉闷的；hollow空的、虚伪的；greasy油腻的；salutary有益的。句意：汽车修理工一进入房间就开始脱下他油腻的工作服。根据常识可知选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Traditionalmethodsofteachingnolongersufficeinthistechnologicalworld.Currentlytherearemorethan100000computersinschoolroomsintheUnitedStates.Students,mediocreandbrightalike,thefirstgradethroughhighschool,notonlyarenotintimidatedbycomputers,buthavebecomeavidparticipantsinthecomputerepoch.

Kidsoperatingcomputersimplementtheircurriculumwithgreatversatility.AmusicalstudentcanprogrammusicalnotessothatthecomputerwillplayBeethovenortheBeatles.Forabiologyclass,thecomputercanproduceapictureoftheintricateactionsofthebody’sorgans,thusenablingtoday’sstudentstoenvisagehumanbiologyinaprofoundway.Anuclearreactorisnolongeranenigmatostudentswhocanseeitsworkingsinminutedetailsonacomputer.InWisconsin,theChippewaIndiansarestudyingtheirancientandalmostforgottenlanguagewiththeaidofacomputer.Morecommonly,thecomputerisusedfordrillingmathandlanguageconceptssothatyoungstersmaylearnattheirownspeedwithouttryingthepatienceoftheirhumanteachers.Thesimplestcomputersaidthehandicapped,wholearnmorerapidlyfromthecomputerthanfromhumans.Onceirksome,remedialdrillsandexercisesnowoncomputerareconducivetolearningbecausethemachinerespondstocorrectanswerswithpraiseandtoincorrectanswerswithfrownsandevenanoccasionaltear.

Adolescentshavebecomesoexhilaratedbycomputersthattheyhavedevelopedtheirownjargon,easilyunderstoodbytheirpeersbutleavingtheirdisconcertedparentsinthedark.Theyhaveshownsomuchfervorforcomputersthattheyhaveformedcomputerclubs,beguiletheirleisurehoursincomputerstores,andevenattendcomputercamps.

Thisisdefinitelythecomputerage.Itisexpectedthatby1999therewillbebetween300000and650000computersinAmericanschools.Manufacturersofcomputersarepresentlygettingtaxwrite-offsfordonatingequipmenttocollegesanduniversitiesandarepushingforlegislationtoobtainfurtherdeductionsforcontributionstoelementaryandhighschools.Furthermore,thepriceofcomputershassteadilyfallentothepointwhereasmallcomputerforhomeorofficeisbeingsoldforlessthan$100.Atthatpriceeveryclassinthecountrywillsoonhavecomputerkids.

1.Whichofthefollowingdoes“traditionalmethods”inthefirstparagraphreferto?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Withthehelpofcomputer,today’sstudents______.

4.Whatdoestheword“disconcerted”inparagraph3mean?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Technologicalmethodsofteaching.

B.Teachers,textbooksandclassdrills.

C.Computerteaching.

D.Televisionteaching.

问题2选项

A.Studentshavetobebrightinordertooperateacomputer.

B.Highschoolstudentsarelessthreatenedbycomputercomparedwithgrade1students.

C.Allthestudentstakeanactivepartincomputeroperationtodayandordinarystudentsarenoexception.

D.Today’sstudentsaremoreversatilethanwiththeimplementationofcomputers.

问题3选项

A.canunderstandmorecomplexconcepts

B.learnmorerapidlyfromcomputerthanfromtheirteachers

C.canlearneverythingwithouttheirteachers’help

D.canbuildnuclearreactors

问题4选项

A.Dissatisfied.

B.Disinterested.

C.Nearsighted.

D.Confused.

问题5选项

A.Parentsencouragetheirkidstoattendcomputercampsandformcomputerclubs.

B.Thecountryencouragesthepopularizationofcomputersamongtheschoolchildren.

C.Thepriceofcomputershasfallensteadily.

D.Computermanufacturersaredonatingequipmentforcollegesanduniversitiespurelyforthegoodofthestudents.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句Traditionalmethodsofteachingnolongersufficeinthistechnologicalworld.Currentlytherearemorethan100000computersinschoolroomsintheUnitedStates.（传统的教学方法在这个技术世界里已经不够用了。目前在美国的教室里有超过10万台电脑。），说明传统方法应该是指和电脑教学相对的老师在课堂上用教科书授课。因此B选项“教师、教科书和课堂演习”正确。A选项“技术性的教学方法”，C选项“计算机教学”，D选项“电视教学”均不属于传统教学方法，所以A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。A选项“学生要想操作电脑，必须要聪明”，由原文Students,mediocreandbrightalike（无论是平庸的还是聪明的学生）可知，操作电脑和智力没有关系，所以A错误。B选项“与一年级学生相比，高中生受到电脑的威胁较小”，由原文Students…thefirstgradethroughhighschool,notonlyarenotintimidatedbycomputers（从一年级到高中的学生……不仅没有被计算机吓住）可知，不论什么年龄的学生都不会被计算机吓倒，所以B错误。D选项“今天的学生随着计算机的实施，比以前更多才多艺”，由原文Kidsoperatingcomputersimplementtheircurriculumwithgreatversatility.（使用电脑的孩子们在实施他们的课程时非常多才多艺。）可知，文章只是说使用电脑的学生很多才多艺，没有和之前的学生进行对比，所有D错误。C选项“今天所有的学生都积极参与计算机操作，普通学生也不例外”，由原文Students,mediocreandbrightalike,thefirstgradethroughhighschool,notonlyarenotintimidatedbycomputers,buthavebecomeavidparticipantsinthecomputerepoch.（从一年级到高中的学生，无论是平庸的还是聪明的，不仅没有被计算机吓住，而且成为计算机时代的热心参与者。）可知，包括普通学生在内的所有学生都积极参与计算机操作，C选项符合原文，因此本题选C。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段倒数第三句Morecommonly,thecomputerisusedfordrillingmathandlanguageconceptssothatyoungstersmaylearnattheirownspeedwithouttryingthepatienceoftheirhumanteachers.（更常见的是，计算机被用来训练数学和语言概念，这样孩子们就可以按照自己的速度学习，而不用去考验他们的人类老师的耐心。），说明学生可以在计算机的帮助下理解复杂的概念。因此A选项“可以理解更复杂的概念”正确。B选项“从电脑上学习比从老师那里学习更快”，原文说的是残疾人从最简单的电脑中学习比从人类中学到的要快，而不是所有的学生，所以B错误。C选项“可以在没有老师的帮助下学习一切知识”，原文只介绍了电脑学习的好处，没有全部否定老师的作用，所以C错误。D选项“可以建造核反应堆”，原文说的是学生可以通过电脑了解核反应堆，而不是自己建造，所以D错误。

4.语义推测题。由题干关键词“disconcerted”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Adolescentshavebecomesoexhilaratedbycomputersthattheyhavedevelopedtheirownjargon,easilyunderstoodbytheirpeersbutleavingtheirdisconcertedparentsinthedark.（青少年们对电脑如此兴奋，以至于他们发明了自己的行话，这些行话很容易被同龄人理解，却把不知所措的父母置于黑暗之中。），说明年轻人使用的行话很容易被同龄人理解，但父母不能理解，他们感到很困惑，所以“disconcerted”在文中是指“不知所措，困惑”的意思。因此D选项“困惑的”正确。A选项“不满意的”，B选项“不感兴趣的”，C选项“近视的”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。

5.客观细节题。A选项“父母鼓励他们的孩子参加电脑夏令营和组建电脑俱乐部”，由原文Theyhaveshownsomuchfervorforcomputersthattheyhav