考研考博-英语-义乌工商职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-义乌工商职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Manyexpatriatewritersoften______theirsocializedbehaviorwiththedominantcultureoftheirown.

问题1选项

A.collaborated

B.attached

C.tied

D.identified

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项collaborate“合作，勾结，通敌”，B项attach“使依附，贴上”，C项tie“（用线、绳等）系，系牢，打结”，D项identify“确定，鉴定，识别”。根据句子可知，空格处应该填入一个动词并和介词with搭配使用，由关键词socializedbehavior“社会化行为”和thedominantcultureoftheirown“他们自己的主导文化”可知，identify…with…“认为……密切相关”符合语境。句意：许多旅居国外的作家经常将他们的社会化行为与他们自己的主导文化联系起来。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.单选题

Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy（）tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.

问题1选项

A.acquaintance

B.accuracy

C.access

D.acquisition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。acquaintance“熟人；相识；了解”；accuracy“准确性”；access“进入；通道；有使用权”，与介词to搭配；acquisition“获得物，获得”。句意：这套系统设计的目的是为了让学生能快速并且容易使用图书馆资源。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

I'veheardthatyouaregoingto（

）theboss'sjobwhensheretires.

问题1选项

A.putupwith

B.putinfor

C.putoutto

D.putinon

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项putupwith“忍受，容忍”；B选项putinfor“申请”；C选项putoutto“拿出去”；D选项putinon没有此搭配。句意：我听说你打算在老板退休后申请（接替）她的职位。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Asnoted,amongthosewhowerecognitivelynormalatthestartofthestudy,（）alcoholdrinkersappearedtobeprotectedagainstdementia.

问题1选项

A.moderate

B.minimum

C.medium

D.middle

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项moderate“有节制的”，B项minimum“最小的”，C项medium“中间的”，D项middle“中等的”；句意：特别提到的是，在研究最初，认知正常，饮酒适度的人表现出对老年痴呆更好的防御能力。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

VisatoMelina.R.D.gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter.“Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople,”shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn’tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,”shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn’thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.Bytheyear2005,peoplebombetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.Addtothefactthatolderpeopleseeknatural,pleasantwaystocombatproblemsassociatedwithaging-weightgain,highercholesterolandbloodpressure,increasedcancerriskandimpaireddigestion-andyouhaverealmotivationtogomeatless,saysSuzanneHavala,R.D.,authoroftheAmericanDieteticAssociation'spositionpaperonvegetarianism.

Quantifyingthisnewtrendisn'teasy,buta1994studybyHealthFocusInc.,anindependentresearchorganizationbasedinDesMoines,Iowa,foundthatshoppersoverage50arecuttingdownontheirconsumptionofredmeatoreliminatingitfromtheirdietsentirely.Morecompellingevidencefortheseniorsurgetowardvegetarianismcomesfromvegetariangroupsnationwide,whichreportaswellintheranksofoldervegetarians.Forexample,oneoutoffivemembersofthenewSyracuse(N.Y.)AreaVegetarianEducationSocietyisover50;unusuallyhighforafledglingorganization.Andtwo-thirdsofthe850-memberVegetarianSocietyofHonoluluarealsomembersoftheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons,societyexecutivessay.

Aninformalpollofolderpeoplesuggestsbetterhealthisoftenthemainincentiveandobjectiveforturningveg.ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditorfoundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.However,thistimeitmadeherin.“Thecrashfeltliketheflu,”shesays.Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andher"flu”disappeared.

Moredramatically,RuthHeidrichbelievesvegetarianismsavedherlife.The61-year-oldmarathonerandtriathletewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer14yearsago,atage47.Whenaninitialbiopsyindicatedfarmorecancerthanherdoctorshadthought,shewasreadytotakedesperatemeasures.Onthedayofthediagnosis,shespottedanewspaperadlookingforvolunteerstoenrollinastudyofbreastcanceranddiet,conductedbyJohnMcDougall,M.D.,aleadingadvocateoftheuseofdiettofightdisease.AftermeetingMcDougallandreviewingwhatshesayswasaneight-inchthickfileofstatisticslinkingahigh-fatdietwithbreastcancer,HeidrichconvertedfromatraditionalAmericandiettoanextremelylow-fatregimenwithnoanimalproducts.”1didn'tevenhaveskimmilkonmycereal,”shesays.Afteramastectomyandreconstructivesurgery,sheiscancer-free.Sheneverhadtoundergoradiationtreatmentorchemotherapyandbelievesherstrictvegetariandiethelpedspeedherrecoveryfromsurgery.

1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"...demographicsaredrivingthedrift"?

2.WhydidNancyRobertsfallill?

3.HowdidNancyRobertsrecoverfromherillness?

问题1选项

A.ThehugeBabyBoomGenerationhasdecidedtobecomevegetarians.

B.Seniorcitizensbelievethatgoingmeatlessisanaturalandpleasantwaytocombatproblemsofaging.

C.Thegrowingtrendtowardvegetariansisduetoanincreaseinthenumberofelderpeople.

D.Moreandmorepeopleofallagesaregoingonavegetariandiettostayhealthy.

问题2选项

A.Becausesheatetoomuchrichfood.

B.Becausesheoverexertedherselfduringtheholidays.

C.Becauseshewasonahigh-fatdiet.

D.Becauseshecaughttheflu.

问题3选项

A.Bygoingonanextremelylow-fatregimen.

B.Byeatingsomevegetariandishesathome.

C.Bynotevenhavingskimmilkwithhercereal.

D.Byfollowingastrictvegetariandiet.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者说“人口统计学正在推动这一趋势”是什么意思？’根据第二段中第四句“Bytheyear2005,peoplebornbetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.至2005年，出生在1949到1963岁之间的人--婴儿潮一代--将占美国人口的38%。和第五句Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.此外，统计数据显示，这一受过教育、有健康意识、叛逆和相对富裕的队伍符合传统的素食主义。”确定题目中此话的意思是指C选项“素食主义者的增长趋势是由于老年人人数的增加”。

2.细节事实题。题目提问“为什么南希•罗伯茨会生病？”根据倒数第二段中“ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditor,foundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.3年前，53岁的资深杂志编辑南希•罗伯茨，发现她做了很多人在假期会做的事：过度沉迷于吃丰富的食物。”确定A选项“因为她吃了太多丰富的食物”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘南希•罗伯茨是如何从病中康复的？根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andherfludisappeared.碰巧，罗伯茨在同一命期被要求编辑一些素食食谱。她在家做了一些素食，她的“流感”消失了。”确定B选项“在家吃些素食”正确。

6.单选题

Withhisbrowsknitted,thedoctorcontemplatedthedifficultoperationhehadtoperform.

问题1选项

A.ucceededin

B.ecidedagainst

C.wentonwith

D.thoughtdeeplyabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生皱着眉头，……那个他要做的手术。succeedin“在……方面取得成功”；decideagainst“决定不”；goonwith“继续”；thinkdeeplyabout“深思”。根据“withhisbrowsknitted”可知医生正在思考，因此划线单词的意思是“沉思”，选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyear（）thanautomobileaccidents.

问题1选项

A.sevenmoretimes

B.overseventimes

C.seventimesmore

D.seventimes

【答案】C

【解析】考查倍数的表达。由句意可知，吸烟对个人健康的危害如此之大，每年导致的死亡人数是汽车事故的7倍。而倍数的常用表达形式为：A+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+B，由此可知，本题正确答案为C选项。

8.单选题

Herinterestingrowingflowerskepther（

）forthewholeweek.

问题1选项

A.occupational

B.occupant

C.preoccupied

D.occupied

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项occupational“职业的”；B选项occupant“居住者”；C选项preoccupied“全神贯注的”；D选项occupied“忙碌的；已占用的”。由题干“对种花很感兴趣”才会使得她忙碌整个星期，occupied“忙碌的；已占用的”符合题意。句意为：她对种花很有兴趣，这使她整整忙碌了一个星期。故正确答案选D。

9.翻译题

1.ThecostofhealthcareisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacingtheUnitedStates,and,asmostpeopleknowfromexperience,drugpricesareagrowingpartoftheproblem.

2.Althoughdrugspendingrepresentsonly12percentoftotalhealthcosts，itisrisingatanannualrateof10to12percent—morethanfourtimestherateofinflation—andwillsoonovertakephysicianfeesasthesecondlargestpartofthehealth-carebill,alterhospitalizationcosts.Whyisthishappening?Unlikeotheradvancedcountries,theUnitesStatesdoesn’tregulatedrugcosts.

3.Privateinsurersbargainwithmanufacturersfordiscountsonthemedicinestheycover,butthedrugindustryhaslongstymiedsucheffortsbythefederalgovernment.TheresultisthatAmericanspayroughlytwiceasmuchasCanadiansorEuropeansforbrand-namemedications

4.Theproblemisreachingcrisisproportions—andwithoutboldreforms,itwillgetworse.Thepharmaceuticalindustryclaimsthathighpricesarenecessarytocoveritsresearchanddevelopmentcosts.5.Thetruthisthatin2002,thetop10Americandrugcompanieshadamedianprofitmarginof17percent,comparedwithlessthan3.1percentfortheotherFortune500industries.

【答案】1.医疗保健费用是美国面临的最大挑战之一，而且，正如大多数人从经验中知道的那样，药价是问题日益严重的一部分。

2.虽然药物支出仅占总医疗费用的12%，年率上升10%到12%——超过通货膨胀率的四倍，很快就会超越医生诊疗费用，成为第二大医疗保健法案的一部分，改变住院费用。

3.私人保险公司与制造商讨价还价，争取他们承保的药品的折扣，但制药业长期以来一直阻挠联邦政府的这类努力。

4.这个问题正达到危机的程度——如果不进行大胆的改革，它将变得更糟。

5.事实是，2002年，美国前十大制药公司的利润率中值为17%，而其他财富500强行业的利润率中值不到3.1%。

10.单选题

Thegovernmenthasdecidedto

aninvestigationintotheincreaseindeathsfromdrugs.

问题1选项

A.initiate

B.generate

C.conspire

D.negotiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。initiate“开始，创造”；generate“使形成”；conspire“共谋，协力”；negotiate“谈判，交涉”。句意：政府决定对毒品致死人数的增加进行调查。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

问题1选项

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。enrolling登记,

招收；dedicating献身,

致力，后面一般接介词to;reclaiming开拓,

开垦；

pursuing从事,

进行。句意：过去，大多数护林员都是男性，但今天，从事这一领域的女性人数正在攀升。选项D符合句意。

12.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Youareanintelligentandarticulateperson.Youhavenoproblemgivingalucidpresentation,deliveringaneloquentspeechorparticipatinginapoliticaldebate.Youstriveformeaningfulconversationsandhavenopatiencewhatsoeverforsmalltalk.“Theweatherisnice,isn’tit?”Really,whocares?

Althoughseeminglytrivialandsuperficial,smalltalkisthestartingpointofallrelationships.Romancesandfriendshipsbeginwithsmalltalk.Inamorepragmaticlight,youcan’tavoidit.Gettingajob,workingwithcolleagues,winningnewclients—allofitrequiressmalltalk.Americanscallitthe“GiftofGab”.Wanttobesuccessful?You’dbetteracquirethisgift.AnarticleontheForbes,websitelistsafewreasonswhysmalltalkissoimportantforone’scareer.Notonlydoessmalltalkmakeusmorelikeable;inone’scareer,smalltalkisalsoa“freeoption”.

Itcanleadtoahostofoutcomes,fromamerelypleasantexchangetothesigningofamultimilliondollarbusinessdeal,saysthearticle.

Inatimewhereabigpartofourliveshasmovedonline,theartofsmalltalkiselusiveandmysterious.Theawkwardexperienceoffeelinglikeatotaloutsideratasocialfunction,suchasacompanyeventoradinnerparty,issharedbymanyofus.

Badsmalltalkerstendtodominatetheconversation.Theyspendtoomuchtimeontheirfavoritetopic,whetherit’sfootballorhowclevertheirkidsare.Theythinktheyarebeingsocialbecausetheyaretalking.Buttheyaretalkingtosomebody,notwithsomeone.Suchpeopleoftengivetheimpressionofbeingself-centeredandinconsiderate.

【答案】你聪明机灵，口齿伶俐。给出清晰的报告、发表滔滔不绝的演讲、参加政治辩论，你无所不能。你在这些有意义的语言会话上花费心思，却对闲聊嗤之以鼻。“今天天气不错，是吧？”说实在的，谁关心呢？

虽然看似琐碎肤浅，但闲聊却是建立一切关系的切入点。爱情和友谊都始于闲聊。更实际一点考虑的话，你不可能避免闲聊。求职、与同事共事、攻下新客户，这些都离不开闲聊。

美国人称之为“能说会道”。你想成功？那么你最好具备这项口才。为了说明闲聊对于个人事业的重要性，《福布斯》网站上的一篇文章给出了一系列解释。闲聊不仅能让我们更讨人喜欢，对于个人事业而言，闲聊也是一种“免费期权”。文章中指出，闲聊能产生一系列的效果，有时不仅仅是一场愉快的交流，甚至还可以达成数百万美元的交易。

在这个生活逐步网络化的吋代，闲聊的艺术不可思议又难以捉摸。我们中的很多人都曾有过在公司活动、宴会等社交场合中上化身“局外人”的尴尬经历。

不抱长闲聊的人往往想要在谈话中占据主动。他们花费过多的时间来谈论喜欢的话题，无论是讨论足球还是夸奖他们的孩子有多么聪颖过人。他们认为滔滔不绝就代表善于交际。但是他们说话的对象是些重要人物，而并非普通人。这样的人通常会给人留下以自我为中心、不替他人着想的印象。

13.单选题

Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfant,bornintoaworldofflashing,hissing,movingimages,soonlearnstoadaptbyresolvingthischaosintotoysandtables,dogsandparents.Evenadultswhohavehadtheirvisionorhearingrestoredthroughsurgerydescribetheworldasafrighteningandsometimesunbearableexperience;onlyafterdaysofeffortaretheyabletotransformblurandnoiseintomeaningfulandthereforemanageableexperiences.

Itiscommonplacetotalkasiftheworld"has"meaning,toaskwhat"is"themeaningofaphrase,agesture,apainting,acontract.Yetwhenthoughtabout,itisclearthateventsaredevoidofmeaninguntilsomeoneassignsittothem.Thereisnoappropriateresponsetoaboworahandshake,ashoutorawhisper,untilitisinterpreted.Adropofwaterandthecolorredhavenomeaning,theysimplyexist.Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.

Peopleareneverpassivereceivers,merelyabsorbingeventsofobvioussignificance,butareactiveinassigningmeaningtosensation.Whatanyeventacquiredinthewayofmeaningappearstoreflectatransactionbetweenwhatistheretobeseenorheard,andwhattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.

Thediversityofreactionsthatcanbetriggeredbyasingleexperience-meetingastranger,negotiatingacontract,attendingatextileconferenceisimmense.Eachobserverisforcedtoseeitthroughhisowneyes,interpretitinthelightofhisownvalues,fitittotherequirementsofhisowncircumstances.Asaconsequence,everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.EachwillacceptsonicrelationsamongthefactsanddenyothersEachwillarriveatsomeconclusion,tentativeorcertain,asthesoundsandformsresolveintoa"temple"or"barn",a"compliment"or"insult".

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Inordertoassignmeaningtoanythingintheworld,oneneedsto

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.theworldisbewilderingtotheinfantandtotheadultalike.

B.surgerywillrestoreameaningfulworldtothosewhoundertakeit

C.anyresponsetotheworldwouldbeimpossibleifmeaningwerenotfirstassignedtoit

D.theworldwillbedevoidofmeaningifpeoplefailtounderstandthespecialincomingsignals

问题2选项

A.haveafullknowledgeofthestructureoftheworld

B.transformtheincomingsignals,withthehelpofpreviousexperiences,sothattheycanserveone'sownpurpose

C.differentiateincomingsignalsthatareofsignificanceandthosethatarenot

D.beendowedwithcreativeness

问题3选项

A.Onlyvisualimagescanbeassignedmeaning

B.Incomingsignalsexistforthepurposeofconveyingmeaningtopeople

C.Anindividualmighthavetoadapthimselftothediversifiedexperienceinthisworld

D.Peoplemayhavedifferentresponsestothesameincomingsignal.

问题4选项

A.illustratethedifferentperspectivespeoplemaytakeininterpretinganexperience

B.showthatmeaningisbutasubjectivematter

C.demonstratehowwecanassignmeaningtotheworld

D.arguethatoneneedstohavesomeinsighttounderstandtheworld

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.人类感知的目的是使世界变得可理解，以便成功地管理世界;意义的归属是行动的前提和准备。”可知C项“如果世界没有提前被赋予具体意义，那么对于世界的任何反应都是不可能的”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由第三段可知“whattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.这是解释者根据过去的经验和普遍的动机而得出的结论。因此，意义的归属始终是一个创造性的过程，通过这个过程，原始的感觉被转化为符合观察者的目标。”答案B

第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.每个观察者从不同的角度来看待每一个对象和信息。每个人都会注意到一些特征而忽略其他的。”可知D项正确，答案D

第4题:主旨大意题。文章第一段就提到，世界必须被赋予具体的意义。以及第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.人们看待事物的视角和观点不同，那么赋予事物的含义也会不同。”可知整篇文章作者的写作目的是表明事物的含义都是人赋予的，是主观的东西。答案B

14.案例题

"Useitorloseit"isthenewapproachtobackpain.Inthelastfewyears,therehasbeena（1）changeinthewaydoctorstreatthismostcommondisease.Weeksormonthsofrestinbed一the（2）methodoftreatmentforsolong—arenowthoughttobesurelyharmful.Musclesbecomesoft,jointsbecome（3）andwhatstartedoutasa（4）acuteconditionquicklyturnsintoacontinuingdisability.Farbetter,accordingtocurrentthinking,istoputupwithalittlepainandgetmoving.

Thechangehasnothappenedovernight.Foryears,somespecialistshavehadan（5）feelingthatbedrestwasnottheanswer.Butwhatfinallyputanendto（6）bedrestwasastudyofmorethan200patientswhoweretreatedforbackpaininaclinicinTaxes.Notonlydidpatientswhohadtwodays'bedrestdototallyaswellasthosegivensevendays,they（7）onlyhalfasmuchtimealtogether（8）work.

Asaresultofthestudy,expertsnowrecommendthat（9）anyonewithacutebackpainshouldspendmorethanafewdays（10）down.Afterthatshouldcomeaprogramofgradually（11）exercise,probablyaccompaniedbysome（12）treatmentssuchasmassage,heatorultrasound.

Becauseofhospitalwaitinglists,mostpeoplehavetowaitseveralweeksbeforereceivingthetreatmenttheyneeD.Unfortunatelythiswaitisoftenspentinbedorinactivefor（13）ofdoingfurtherdamagetotheback.Ithasbeenestimatedthatforeverydayaninjuredmuscleisresteditlosesatleastonepercentofits（14）.Stayinbedfortwoorthreeweeksanditwillbefar（15）torebuildadamagedmuscle.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

temporary

fear

extend

passiver

equire

substantial

count

instinctive

increase

lie

permanent

hardly

stiff

stick

adopt

hard

current

strength

off

standard

【答案】1.substantial。

2.passive

3.stiff

4.temporary

5.instinctive

6.lie

7.require

8.hard

9.current

10.adopting

11.strength

12.standard

13.fear

14.count

15.permanent

【解析】1.结合上下文及句意可知,既然是新方法,那么治疗这种疾病的方式自然是有了很大的变化。故答案为substantial。

2.根据前面的Weeksormonthsofrestinbed可推断,这种治疗方法是"被动的"。故答案为passive。

3.结合上文可知填空处应填入与soft相对的形容词,stiff呆板的;坚硬的,符合原文句意。故答案为stiff。

4.根据下文的"continuing"可知,填空处应指"暂时的急性症状",故答案为temporary。

5.instinctive与feeling搭配意为"直觉",符合语义。故为答案为instinctive。

6.根据原文句意可知,这里指结束卧床休息的研究。liebedrest指"卧床休息"。故答案为lie。

7.根据原文句意：两天卧床休息的病人不仅和七天卧床休息的病人完全一样,而且他们总共只需要努力工作时间的一半。故答案为require。

8.hard与work构成固定搭配,意为"努力工作"。

9.分析句子的结构和语义,填空处应填入与now意思相近的形容词,故current（目前）符合要求。

10.根据原文可知,这里指"花时间适应背疼的情况",spend后接doing形式。故答案为adopting。

11.此处指"力量运动"。故答案为strength。

12.根据下文的suchasmassage,heatorultrasound可知,这里是对治疗的具体举例,standardtreatments表述合理。故答案为standard。

13.forfearof为固定短语,意为"生怕,以免。"

14.根据上下文及句意可知,这里指"总数的百分之一"。故答案为count.

15.根据关键词"far"推断,填空处应填入的形容词表示需要很长的时间,permanent符合原文。故答案为permanent。

15.单选题

Theplantoallowthereadingpublictorente-books,muchastheyrentmovies,hasprovedsomuchmorecontentiousthanitspioneer,theformerWaterstonesmanagingdirectorTimCoates,hadhoped.

ThatpublishersareverycautiousoftheideaofhisnewBilbarye-rentalventure,whichlaunchedthisweek,isperhapsnotentirelysurprising:althoughthee-rentalsautomaticallydeletethemselveswhentheborrowingtimeexpires,theyfeartheschememightharmsales.

Lesscontroversial,however,isMrCoates’generouspledgetodonateagoodchunkofBilbary’sprofitstocampaignstokeepopenlibrariesthreatenedbygovernmentbudgetcuts.Hundredsofthenation’s4,000publiclibrariesareatrisk;andcampaigners’attemptstopersuadecourtsandcouncilstokeepthemopenarelargelyfailing.

Closinglibrariesisinevitable,theargumentgoes,inanerawhentwooutofthreeBritishhomeshaveacomputer.Butthatisfarfromthewholestory.While200millionbooksaresoldeveryyear,morethan310millionareborrowed.Theone-in-threehomeswithoutacomputerarethoseofthenation’spoorerchildren,manyofwhomlivewithoutevenatableatwhichtheycandotheirhomework.ItiswithonlythemildestexaggerationthatAlanBennett,theplaywrightandcampaigner,describestheclosureoflibrariesasanactof“childabuse”.

Tosome,theword“library”conjuresonlynegativeassociations,anirrelevantanachronisminanincreasinglydigitalworld.Butagoodlibraryisfarmorethanjustaplacetostorebooks.Itisagatewaytoknowledge,aplacewellabletoadapttothecomputerageandindoingsosupportthecuriosity,studyandresearchofnewgenerations.

Thereare,ofcourse,somelibrariesthatareunfitforpurpose.Butthosethatusedigitaltechnologiesasanaide,ratherthantreatthemasathreat,morethanholdtruetotheircorepurpose.Andthosethathavemadetheleapareseeingvisitornumbersrise,notfall.Britain’slibrariesdonotneedclosingbuttheymayneedchanging.WecanonlyhopethatMr.Coates’supportcanhelpmanyofthemtodoso.

1.Theargumentabouttheclosingoflibrariesstemsfrom（）.

2.Theword“anachronism”inPara.5mightmean（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardclosinglibrariescanbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.thefallofsaleofbooks

B.theadventofdigitaltechnologies

C.thegovernmentbudgetcut

D.theworldeconomicrecession

问题2选项

A.chronologicalerror

B.phonologicalerror

C.etymologicalerror

D.historicalerror

问题3选项

A.Somepeoplebelievethatlibrariesareoutofdateindigitalage.

B.IntheUK,oneoutofthreehomesdon’thavecomputers.

C.Itisinevitablethatdigitallibrarieswillreplacetheexistinglibraries.

D.Somelibrariesneedintroducingdigitaltechnologiesasanaid.

问题4选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.neutral

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.根据第三段第一句“MrCoates’generouspledgetodonateagoodchunkofBilbary’sprofitstocampaignstokeepopenlibrariesthreatenedbygovernmentbudgetcuts.”科茨先生慷慨承诺将Bilbary的大部分利润捐赠给那些开放受到政府预算削减威胁的图书馆。由此可知,关于关闭图书馆的争论源于政府的预算削减,选项C符合原文。

2.根据原文句意:对一些人来说,“图书馆”这个词只会让人联想到负面的联想,在这个日益数字化的世界里,这是一个无关紧要的时代错误。根据“anincreasinglydigitalworld”可以推测,时代在变化,所以这里指的是时代错误,选项A正确。

3.原文最后一段倒数第二句“Britain’slibrariesdonotneedclosingbuttheymayneedchanging.”英国的图书馆不需要关闭,但是可能需要改变。所以,选项C说法错误。

4.作者在最后一段提到,英国的图书馆不需要关闭,但是可能需要改变。这体现了作者的中立态度。所以选项D正确。

16.单选题

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeveryfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying—fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowtheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwithnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointsofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarge.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asettingcharacters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareco