考研考博-英语-乐山师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-乐山师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispartwith5sentencesunderlined.YouarerequiredtotranslatethosesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.ReadthefollowingshortpassagescarefullyandONLYtranslatethe5sentencesthatareunderlined.

(1)ElNinoisanintermittentdisruptionoftheclimatesystemcenteredintheequatorialPacificthathaseffectsonshort-termclimatearoundthePacificbasin.

TounderstandElNino,itisnecessarytounderstandthenormaltrade-windsysteminthetropicalPacific.(2)Thesunheatstheequatorialregionsmorestronglythantherestoftheglobe,soairtendstorisefromthesurfacethere,replacedbyinflowfromthesubtropics.TheCoriolisEffectturnstheseinflowstotherightinthenorthernhemisphereandtotheleftinthesouthern,resultinginthegreattrade-windbeltsthatblowequatorwardandwestwardoverthewidthofthetropicalPacific.(3)Intheocean,thesewindstendtopushthesurfacewatertowardsthewest,sosealevelatIndonesiaisabout50cmhigherthanattheSouthAmericancoast,whichgivesanideaofthepowerandsteadinessofthetradewinds.Assurfacewaterispushedwest,coolersubsurfacewaterisdrawnuptothesurfaceintheeasternequatorialPacific.Thisupwelledwaterisnutrientrich,andsupportsalargepopulationofmarineandbirdlife,aswellasanimportantfisheryoffthecoastofPeruandEcuador.(4)Then,duringitsjourneywest,surfacewaterisheatedbythesuntotemperaturesofabout29℃overahugeareawestofthedateline,knownasthewestPacificwarmpool,wheretheoceanisroughly6℃higherthanwhenthewatercametothesurfaceintheeast.Thisairisalsoveryhumidduetoitslongpassageoverthetropicalocean,andwhenitrisesinthewestheavyprecipitinisproducedoverIndonesiaandSoutheastAsia.

Thewarmpoolisoneofthemajordrivingforcesofworldclimate.Itswarmthstrengthenstherisingmotioninthewestandtherebyreinforcesthewestwardwindsofthetradewindsystem.(5)Therising,moisture-ladenairpumpsheatandwatervaporintotheupperatmosphere,whereitcanbecarriedgreatdistances.Thehugesourceofheathelpssetthepathofthejetstreamsthatcontroltemperate-zoneweather,muchasalargerockinastreamdeterminesthepatternofwaterflow,includingwaverymotionsthatextendwelldownstreamoftherock.Therefore,whenthewarmpoolchangesshapeorposition,theeffectsrippleoutwardtoaffectmuchoftheworld’sweather.

【答案】1.厄尔尼诺现象是一种以赤道太平洋为中心的气候系统的间歇性中断，对太平洋盆地周围的短期气候产生影响。

2.太阳对赤道地区的加热要比地球上其他地区强烈得多，所以那里的空气往往会从表面上升，取而代之的是来自亚热带的流入。

3.在海洋中，这些风倾向于将表层海水推向西部，因此印度尼西亚的海平面比南美洲海岸高出约50厘米，这让我们了解了信风的力量和稳定性。

4.然后，在它向西航行的过程中，地表水在一个巨大的国际日期变更线以西的区域被太阳加热到约29摄氏度，这片区域被称为西太平洋暖池，那里的海洋温度比海水到达东方表面时大约高出6摄氏度。

5.上升的充满水分的空气将热量和水蒸气抽到高层大气中，在那里它们可以被带去很远的地方。

2.单选题

Theseproblemsare（）examplesintheefforttoavoidtheinevitableeffectsofshortsightedfiscalplanninginthefuture.

问题1选项

A.representative

B.aberrant

C.insignificant

D.illuminating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项representative“典型的”；B选项aberrant“异常的”；C选项insignificant“无关紧要的”；D选项illuminating“照亮的，启蒙的”。句意：这些问题是典型的例子，为了努力避免未来目光短浅的财政规划所带来不可避免的影响。选项A符合语境。

3.单选题

Withhumanfootprintsonthemoon,radiotelescopeslisteningformessagesfromaliencreatures(whomayormaynotexist),technicianslookingforcelestialandplanetarysourcesofenergytosupportourcivilization,orbitingtelescopes’datahintingatplanetarysystemsaroundotherstars,andpoliticalgroupstryingtofigureouthowtosavehumanityfromnuclearwarfarethatwoulddamagelifeandclimateonaplanet-widescale,anastronomybookpublishedtodayentersaworlddifferentfromtheonethatgreetedbooksagenerationago.Astronomyhasbroadenedtoinvolveourbasiccircumstancesandourmysteriousfutureintheuniverse.Witheclipsesandspacemissionsbroadcastlive,andwithNASA,Europe,andtheUSSRplanningandbuildingpermanentspacestations,astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople,anoutwardexploratorythrustthatmayonedaybeseenasanalternativetomindlessconsumerism,ideologicalbickering(争吵),andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.

Today’sastronomystudentsnotonlyseekanup-to-datesummaryofastronomicalfacts;theyask,aspeoplehaveaskedforages,aboutourbasicrelationstotherestoftheuniverse.Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.

Sciencefictionwritersandspecialeffectsartistsonrecentfilmshelptoday’sstudentsrealizethatunseenworldsofspacearerealplacesnotabstractconcepts.Today’sstudentsarecitizensofamorereal,vastercosmosthanconceptualizedbystudentsofadecadeago.

Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.Ratherthanjumpingatthestartintomurkywatersofcosmology,Ihavebegunwiththeviewpointofancientpeopleonearthandworkedoutwardacrosstheuniverse.Thismethodoforganizationautomatically(ifloosely)reflectstheorderofhumanity’sdiscoveriesaboutastronomyandprovidesaunifyingthemeofincreasingdistanceandscale.

6.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom______.

7.Theauthor’spurposeinpresentingthefirstparagraphis______.

8.TheauthorthinksthatthegrowinginterestinspaceexplorationamongpeopleonEarthwillprobablyleadto______.

9.Theauthorbelievesthattoday’sastronomystudents_____.

10.Inthelastparagraph,theexpression“thesedevelopments”referstoallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

问题1选项

A.anarticleofpopularscience

B.theintroductionofabookofastronomy

C.alecturegivenbytheauthortoastronomystudents

D.theprefaceofapieceofsciencefiction

问题2选项

A.toexplainthebackgroundandnewfeaturesoftoday’sastronomy

B.todiscussindetailthemostrecentachievementsinspaceresearch

C.tointroducesomenewlyestablishedspacestations

D.toillustratethattheworldtodayisdifferentinmanyaspectsfromthatofagenerationago

问题3选项

A.allpeoplehavingchancesoftravelinginspace

B.therealizationofpermanentsettlementonotherplanets

C.moredisturbancenotonlyonEarthbutalsoinouterspace

D.order,harmonyandpeaceonourplanetearth

问题4选项

A.aremuchbrighterthanstudentsofagenerationago

B.nolongercareaboutastronomicalfacts

C.arebetter-informedabouttheunseenworldsofspace

D.maylearnmoreaboutmanandhissearchinvariousfieldsthroughthestudyofastronomy

问题5选项

A.thedevelopmentofsciencefictionandspecialeffectsoffilms

B.thenewconceptsabouttheuniverseacquiredbytoday’sastronomystudents

C.theworld-wideinvolvementinspaceexploration

D.humanity’snewachievementsinthefieldofastronomy

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】6.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。第一步，找句内信息，定位到第一段第一句话的最后一个分句...anastronomybookpublishedtodayentersaworlddifferentfromtheonethatgreetedbooksagenerationago（……今天出版的一本天文学书籍进入了一个不同于上一代书籍的世界）以及第四段第一句Indesigningthisedition...（在设计这个版本时……），从这里可知只是一本书的介绍部分。第二步，寻找上下文线索，定位到第四段第二句Ratherthanjumpingatthestartintomurkywatersofcosmology,Ihavebegunwiththeviewpointofancientpeopleonearthandworkedoutwardacrosstheuniverse.（我不是一开始就跳入宇宙混沌的水域，而是从地球上古人的观点开始，向外研究宇宙。）可知这里介绍的是整个宇宙而不是科幻小说。所以答案选B“天文学书籍的导言”。

A选项“一篇科普文章”，定位到第四段第一句Indesigningthisedition...（在设计这个版本时……）从这里可知这不是一篇文章而是一本书的导语部分，这里属于无中生有。

C选项“作者给天文学学生做的讲座”，文章没有出现“亲爱的同学们”之类的呼语，所以可以判断这不是一篇演讲，这里属于无中生有。

D选项“科幻小说的前言”，如果是科幻小说的话会有情节或者人物的介绍，但是文章没有，这里属于无中生有。

7.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一步关注核心句，该段核心句倒数第二句Astronomyhasbroadenedtoinvolveourbasiccircumstancesandourmysteriousfutureintheuniverse.（天文学已经扩展到包括我们的基本情况和我们在宇宙中的神秘未来）。第二步，梳理各句关键词。第一句中的with“随着”与as一样是很经典的介绍背景的词语。第二句讲的是天文学的发展和其情况的变化。蒂萨努努讲述了天文学将来的一些特点。综上所述答案选A“来解释今天天文学的背景和新特征”。

B选项“详细讨论空间研究的最新成果”，整段没有提及我们得到的空间研究的新成果，这里属于无中生有。

C选项“介绍一些新建立的空间站”，定位到最后一句前面两个分句Witheclipsesandspacemissionsbroadcastlive,andwithNASA,Europe,andtheUSSRplanningandbuildingpermanentspacestations...（随着日食和太空任务的直播，以及美国国家航空航天局、欧洲和苏联计划和建造永久空间站……），这里只是提到空间站，这段其他内容都和空间站没有关系，所以介绍空间站不是写这段的目的，这里属于以偏概全。

D选项“说明当今世界在许多方面与一代人以前的世界不同”，第一步，精准定位，第一段第一句话的最后一个分句...anastronomybookpublishedtodayentersaworlddifferentfromtheonethatgreetedbooksagenerationago（……今天出版的一本天文学书籍进入了一个不同于上一代书籍的世界），第二步，这里文章有提到与上一代不同但是是书籍不同，不是我们所在的世界不同，这里属于偷换概念。

8.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第一段最后一句话…anoutwardexploratorythrustthatmayonedaybeseenasanalternativetomindlessconsumerism,ideologicalbickering(争吵),andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.（一种向外探索的推力，有一天可能会被视为无脑消费主义、意识形态争吵，以及在一个封闭、有限的地球上控制日益减少的资源的战争的替代品），第二步综合理解，从这可知作者认为太空探险会替代地球上那些不和谐的因素，所以答案选D选项“秩序，和谐与和平在我们的星球地球上”。

A选项“所有人都有机会到太空旅行”，这里定位到文章第一段最后一句话astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople（天文学为所有人提供了冒险），这里只是说提供了冒险没有说所有人都可以去太空，这里属于偷换概念。

B选项“在其他星球上永久定居的实现”，这里文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

C选项“不仅在地球上，而且在外层空间也会有更多的扰动”，见正确答案解析，这里属于反向干扰。

9.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步精准定位，定位到第二段第一、二句话Today’sastronomystudentsnotonlyseekanup-to-datesummaryofastronomicalfacts;theyask,aspeoplehaveaskedforages,aboutourbasicrelationstotherestoftheuniverse.Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics…（今天的天文学学生不仅寻求最新的天文学事实总结；正如人们多年来一直在问的那样，他们问的是人类与宇宙其他部分的基本关系。他们学习天文学的部分原因可能是为了寻找科学和其他人类活动之间的联系：哲学、历史、政治……）。第二步综合理解，从这里可知学生研究天文学的目的是为了找到与其他活动的研究，所以他可能会在这个方面找到研究成果，所以答案选D。

A选项“比上一代的学生更聪明”，定位到文章第三段最后一句话Today’sstudentsarecitizensofamorereal,vastercosmosthanconceptualizedbystudentsofadecadeago.（今天的学生是一个比十年前学生所设想的更真实、更广阔的宇宙的公民。）这里文章只是提到现在的学生比以前学生所设想的更加真实，没有对比的意思，所以A选项属于曲意理解。

B选项“不再关心天文事实”，定位到文章第二段第一句（见上），可知B选项错误，这里属于反向干扰。

C选项“更多地了解太空中看不见的世界”，第一步精准定位，定位至第三段Sciencefictionwritersandspecialeffectsartistsonrecentfilmshelptoday’sstudentsrealizethatunseenworldsofspacearerealplacesnotabstractconcepts.（最近电影中的科幻作家和特效艺术家帮助今天的学生认识到，看不见的太空世界是真实的地方，而不是抽象的概念），第二步综合理解，题干问的是天文学学生但是文章讲的是所有学生，这属于偷换概念。

10.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。

A选项“科幻小说和电影特效的发展”在原文中未提及，属于无中生有。因此本题答案为A。

B选项“今天的天文学学生掌握的关于宇宙的新概念”与第三段第二句“Today’sstudentsarecitizensofamorereal,morevastcosmosthanconceptualizedbystudentsofadecadeago（今天的学生是一个比十年前学生所设想的更真实、更广阔的宇宙的公民）”相符；

C选项“世界范围内的太空探索”与第一段最后一句中的“…astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople,anoutwardexploratorythrustthatmayonedaybeseenasanalternative…（天文学为所有人提供了冒险，一种向外探索的推动力，也许有一天会被视为一种替代）”相符；

D选项“人类在天文学领域的新成就”与第二段第一句“Today’sasfronomystudentsnotonlyseekanup-to-datesummaryofastronomicalfacts（今天的天文学学生不仅寻求天文学事实的最新总结）”相符合。

4.单选题

Thespeakerwasverygoodat（）hisideasduringthediscussion.

问题1选项

A.puttingaside

B.puttingacross

C.puttingback

D.puttingoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项putaside“撇开，把……放在一边”，例句：Theydecidedtoputasidetheirdifferences.（他们决定搁置双方的分歧。）；B选项putacross“解释清楚，说明”，例句：Doyougivehimafairopportunitytoputacrosshisviews?（你会给他们平等的机会去表达自己的看法吗？）；C选项putback“推迟，妨碍”，例句：Themeetinghasbeenputbacktonextweek.（这次会议已延期到下周了。）；D选项putoff“推迟”，例句：We’vehadtoputoffourweddinguntilSeptember.（我们只得把婚期推迟到九月。）。句意：演讲者很善于在讨论中表达自己的观点。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

5.单选题

Thehotelcouldnot（）apartyofthirtybecausealmostallitsroomswerebooked.

问题1选项

A.contemplate

B.compensate

C.accommodate

D.articulate

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。contemplate“沉思，注视”；compensate“补偿”；accommodate“容纳，使适应”；articulate“清晰表达，使相互连贯”。句意：这家旅馆不能容纳30人，因为几乎所有的房间都订满了。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness（andtime）,itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Thetestwashard.2）Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedatdifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,whatisit?Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,“difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable（voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh）,while“difficult”ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,“hard”ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea“onthego”orsimplyto“getitout”asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,“hard”maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,“Howwasyourday?”Conversely,“difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.

Similarto“hard”and“difficult”,thewords“weird”and“strange”tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1）Seamonkeysareweird.2）Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile“weird”and“strange”bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.Similarto“hard”,“weird”conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something“weird”iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn’twanttobecategorizedamongthe“weird”.Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas“strange”,itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something“strange”issimplyabnormal,orunusual——adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween“weird”and“strange”issopronouncethatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:“Yourmother’scookiestasteweird”comparedto“Yourmotherscookiestastestrange”.Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother’scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflourperhaps.

Finally,let’slookatthesynonyms,“happy”and“glad”.Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2）Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyes,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conveysasenseofrelieforcontentment.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently,astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttousthespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionarythetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues——isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,difference.

1.Asusedinparagraph1，whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

2.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingdescribessomeonewhoisutilitarian?

3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesfromthepassagerepresentsafact,ratherthananopinion?

4.Theauthorwrites:“Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,‘difficult’’iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.”Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor’stonecanbestbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.Mildcuriosity.

B.Wryskepticismof.

C.Passionateindignation.

D.Excessiveconcern.

问题2选项

A.Withoutfail,Edgarrisesatdaybreak,catstwoeggsforbreakfast,drinksaglassoforangejuice,lacesuphisbootsandheadsoutintothefield.

B.Inhopesofimpressingtheirclassmates,moststudentsweartheirnewwinterjacketstotheplay,Alyosha,however,knowsitwillbewarminthetheaterandthereforeleaveshisjacketathome.

C.Nikkosparkshiscarsothatothercarscannotgetout.Uponreturningtohiscar,awomaniswaitingthereonhimtomove.Shelooksupset.Hetellsherit’snothisproblem,getsinhiscaranddrivesoff.

D.Amytakestimetolookniceinthemorning.Shebrushesherhair,putsonlightmakeup,andpicksouttheclothesshewillwearfortheday.

问题3选项

A.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.

B.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.

C.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.

D.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

问题4选项

A.Onomatopoeia.

B.Hyperbole.

C.Personification.

D.Metaphor.

问题5选项

A.conscientious

B.supercilious

C.rueful

D.belligerent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段第四句“mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.”，大多数人缺乏一丝不苟的学究精神，对这种小事吹毛求疵。由此可知scrupulouspedanticalness表示过分的关注，意思与excessiveconcern相近。因此D选项正确。

第2题:2.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature”，这是一个功利性的词，能完成工作，但不能为其唐突、粗鲁的行为道歉。选项A“埃德加必须得在黎明时分起床，他拿了两个鸡蛋当早餐，喝了一杯橘子汁，用带子系紧靴子，然后朝田野走去”。选项B“为了给同学留下深刻印象，大多数学生都穿着新的冬季夹克去看戏。然而，阿约沙知道剧院里会很暖和，所以他把夹克留在家里”。选项D“艾米为了早晨看起来气色不错，精心打扮着：梳头、化了淡妆、穿上她特意为这一时刻准备的衣服”。选项A、B、D均与原文不符。因此C选项正确。

第3题:3.判断推理题。题干的意思是问“下列哪一个句子陈述的是事实，而非观点？”由题干关键词定位到文章后五段。选项A“使用者假定两个词之间不存在差异时，可以任意地使用其中一个或另一个。”选项B“一想到‘快乐’的人，脑海中就会浮现出一个明亮的眼睛、红润的笑脸”。选项C“没有人愿意和‘奇怪’的事情联系在一起”。选项A、B、C均与题意不符。因此D选项正确。

第4题:4.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段。题干问“以下哪一种文学手法在题干所引用的句子中被使用？”选项A“拟声。”选项B“夸张”。选项C“拟人”。选项D“暗喻”。选项A、B、C均与题意不符。因此D选项正确。

第5题:5.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段“Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences”，通过以上的例子和见解，人们可能会逐渐认识到这些细微但至关重要的差异。由此可知，关于近义词的普遍理解方式，作者需要认真谨慎的描述。选项A“认真的，尽责的”。选项B“高傲的，自大的”。选项C“可怜的”。选项D“好战的”。选项B、C、D均与题意不符，因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Ican’trememberexactlywhattriggeredtheexplosionbutitwaspretty（）.

问题1选项

A.estimating

B.devastating

C.reprocessing

D.preferring

【答案】B

【解析】estimating估计；devastating毁灭性的；reprocessing再生，（核燃料的）回收；preferring更喜欢。句意:我记不清是什么引起了爆炸,非常。B项符合句意。

8.单选题

Nuclearwastesareconsideredto（）athreattohumanhealthandmarinelife.

问题1选项

A.compose

B.impose

C.expose

D.pose

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项compose“构成，写作”，B项impose“强加，征税”，C项expose“暴露”，D项pose“提出，造成”；根据空格后面的threat（威胁），结合句子的语境，只有D项符合。句意：核废料被认为对人类健康和海洋生物构成威胁。因此，该题选择D项正确。

9.单选题

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery（

）ofhismoney.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管他变得富有了，他在花钱方面仍然很节俭。

形容词辨析。Economic经济的,经济学的;careful仔细的，小心的;thrifty和frugal都有“节俭”的意思，从搭配上讲，通常是bethriftywith和befrugalof;从意思上讲，frugal指生活中节俭，不浪费钱财：thrifty指精打细算；因此C符合句意和搭配。

10.单选题

Throughmicroscopespeoplecanseeobjectsthatare______tothenakedeyes.

问题1选项

A.invisible

B.invincible

C.incredible

D.impassable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项invisible“无形的，看不见的”，B项invincible“无敌的，不能征服的”，C项incredible“不能相信的，难以置信的”，D项impassable“不能通行的，无路可通的”。根据句子意思“通过显微镜，人们可以看到对肉眼来说……物体”可知，A项符合句意。句意：通过显微镜人们可以看到肉眼看不见的东西。因此，该题选择A项正确。

11.单选题

ItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.

Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnobounds.Itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshoweroronthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghascertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithstrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.Education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocess,aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone’sentirelife.

Schooling,ontheotherhand,isspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingsofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanbyusingtheexpression“Childreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool”(Sent.2,Para.1)?

3.Thephrase“Forexample,”(Sent.4,Para.3),introducesasentencethatgivesexamplesof______.

4.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingconclusions?

5.Thepassageisorganizedby______.

问题1选项

A.Thebestschoolsteachawidevarietyofsubjects.

B.Educationandschoolingarequitedifferentexperiences.

C.Studentsbenefitfromschools,whichrequirelonghoursandhomework.

D.Themoreyearsstudentsgotoschoolthebettertheireducationis.

问题2选项

A.Goingtoseveraldifferentschoolsiseducationallybeneficial.

B.Schoolvacationsinterruptthecontinuityoftheschoolyear.

C.Summerschoolmakestheschoolyeartoolong.

D.Alloflifeisaneducation.

问题3选项

A.similartextbooks

B.theresultsofschooling

C.theworkingsofagovernment

D.theboundariesofclassroomsubject

问题4选项

A.Withoutformaleducation,peoplewouldremainignorant.

B.Educationsystemsneedtoberadicallyreformed.

C.Goingtoschoolisonlypartofhowpeoplebecomeeducated.

D.Educationinvolvesmanyyearsofprofessionaltraining.

问题5选项

A.listinganddiscussingseveraleducationalproblems

B.contrastingthemeaningsoftworelatedwords

C.narratingastoryaboutexcellentteachers

D.givingexamplesofdifferentkindsofschools

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头提出学校教育和教育之间的区别，接着分别介绍了两者不同的特点。因此B选项“教育和学校教育是完全不同的经历”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“最好的学校教授各种各样的科目”，C选项“学生从学校中受益，学校要求长时间的学习和家庭作业”，D选项“学生上学的年数越多，他们的教育就越好”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.（而现在却有人认为孩子们上学打断了他们受教育的过程。），说明有些人认为教育是一个终身的过程，去学校上学反而打断了这一过程。因此D选项“整个人生都是一种教育”正确。A选项“去几个不同的学校在教育上是有益的”，B选项“学校放假打断了学年的连续性”，C选项“暑期学校使学年太长”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第四句Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakers