考研考博-英语-中国美术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国美术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.

Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofLight.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnewpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthrough:theeyeball.Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.

Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowhetried.

Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanhetreatedmedically.

1.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat（）.

2.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause（）.

3.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（）.

4.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeantthat（）.

问题1选项

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

D.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

问题2选项

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightfitting

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

问题3选项

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye.

B.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

C.aremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

问题4选项

A.inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer

B.surgeryislikelytoimproveconsiderably

C.weshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferfrom

D.wearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancer

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句和第二段的首句，在20世纪60年代，一种新工具被开发出来，它首先对军队和工业有很大的实用价值，同时也及时地使手术发生了革命性的改变。这种工具就是激光。选项中只有选项D符合原文。

2.根据第二段的最后两句可知，激光束中的光是集中的。这意味着，本来不比普通电灯泡产生的能量多的光，在集中成为针尖大小的光束后，就会变得非常强。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第三段最后一句“Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.”不用手术刀，不用缝针，没有不必要的伤害——真正的外科奇迹。选项D符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知，也许有些癌症可以用激光治疗，这只是作者的推测，并没有真正实现，所以选项A和D错误；将来我们可以看到越来越多需要用药物治疗的病可以用激光治疗，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确；只有选项B符合原文。

2.单选题

Oldpeopleare（

）toclaimaspecialheatingallowancefromthegovernment.

问题1选项

A.engaged

B.charmed

C.involved

D.entitled

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。Engaged“使用中的”；charmed“着迷的”；involved“涉及的”；entitled“有资格的，有权的”。句意：老人有资格向政府申请特别的取暖津贴。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Petrolisrefinedfromthe（）oilwetakeoutoftheground.

问题1选项

A.crude

B.fresh

C.rude

D.original

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。A选项crude“天然的，未加工的”；B选项fresh“新鲜的，清新的”；C选项rude“粗鲁的，无礼的”；D选项original“原来的；开始的”。句意：汽油是由地下开采的原油提炼而成的。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

4.填空题

Theprofessionalfieldsthatdealwithethicalissuesinmedicineincludingmedicine,nursing,law,sociology,philosophy,andtheology,thoughinthelate20thcenturymedicalethicshascometobe

recognizedasitsowndiscipline.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bincluding改为include

【解析】【考查点】动词。

【解题思路】B部分在句子中是谓语动词，时态为一般现在时，主语Theprofessionalfields为复数，这里应该用include。

【句意】处理医学伦理问题的专业领域包括医学、护理、法律、社会学、哲学和神学，尽管在20世纪后期，医学伦理已经被视为一门独立的学科。

5.单选题

Becauseoftherevolt,theGeneralassumed（

）asdictatorialrole.

问题1选项

A.itwasdescribedthen

B.thatwasdescribedatthattime

C.whatwasdescribedatthattime

D.whichwasdescribedatthattime

【答案】C

【解析】what引导宾语从句的用法。句意：因为这场叛乱，这位上将在那段时间的所作所为被认定为是独裁。分析句子可知assumed为句子的谓语，后面的部分作宾语从句，而从句中what又作wasdescribed的主语部分，这是what的特殊用法，有双重作用，故选C选项正确。

6.单选题

Thegovernorwilladoptnewmeasuresto（

）thelivingstandardsoftheordinarycitizens.

问题1选项

A.speedup

B.lift

C.hoist

D.elevate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:州长将会采取新措施提升普通市民的生活水平。

考查动词辨析。speedup加速;lift举起，提升（指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置）;hoist(用绳索,起重机等)吊起,提升,拉高;elevate提升，举起，振奋情绪等。空格处动词的宾语为thelivingstandards(生活水平),故D符合句意。

7.单选题

Thecouncilinchargerefusedtogiveits（）tothebuildingschemeproposesbythisjointventurecompany.

问题1选项

A.sanction

B.guarantee

C.trust

D.confirmation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。sanction制裁；guarantee保证，担保；trust信任，信赖；confirmation确实，证实。句意：主管委员会拒绝对这家合资公司提出的建筑方案给予确认。只有D项符合题意。

8.不定项选择题

Thestratosphericozonelayerisnotacompletelyuniformstratum,nordoesitoccuratthesamealtitudearoundtheglobe.ItliesclosesttotheEarthoverthepolesandrisestomaximumaltitudeovertheequator.Inthestratosphere,ozoneiscontinuouslybeingmadeanddestroyedbynaturalprocesses.DuringthedaytheSunbreaksdownsomeoftheoxygenmoleculestosingleoxygenatoms,andtheseatoms,reactingwithoxygenmoleculesthathavenotbeendissociated,formozone.However,thesunlightalsobreaksdownozonebyconvertingsomeofitbacktonormaloxygen.Inaddition,naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxidesenterintothecycleandspeedthebreakdownreactions.Theamountofozonepresentatanyonetimeisthebalancebetweentheprocessesthatcreateitandthosethatdestroyit.

Sincethesplittingoftheoxygenmoleculesdependsdirectlyupontheintensityofsolarradiation,thegreatestrateofozoneproductionoccursoverthetropics.However,ozoneisalsodestroyedmostrapidlythere,andwindcirculationpatternscarrytheozone-enrichedupperlayersoftheatmosphereawayfromtheequator.Itturnsoutthatthelargesttotalozoneamountsarefoundathighlatitudes.OnatypicaldaytheamountofozoneoverMinnesota,forexample,is30percentgreaterthantheamountover900milesfarthersouth.Thedensityandaltitudeoftheozonelayeralsochangewiththeseasons,theweather,andtheamountofsolaractivity.Nevertheless,atanyoneplaceabovetheEarth’ssurface,thelongtermaveragesmaintainedbynaturalprocessesarebelievedtobereasonablyconstant.

TheamountofozoneneartheEarthisonlyasmallpercentoftheamountinthestratosphere,andexchangeofmoleculesbetweentheozonelayerandatthegroundlevelisthoughttoberelativelysmall.Furthermore,theozonemoleculeissounstablethatonlyatinyfractionofground-levelozonecouldsurvivethelongtriptothestratosphere,sotheozonelayerwillnotbereplenishedtoanysignificantdegreebytheincreasingconcentrationsofozonethathavebeendetectedinrecentyearsneartheEarth’ssurface.Thelong-termaveragesofozonebothneargroundlevelandinthestratosphereareregulatedbycontinuousprocessesthatareconstantlydestroyingandcreatingitineachoftheseplaces.Thisiswhyscientistsaresoconcernedabouthumanbeing’sinjectionintothestratospherechemicalslikenitrogenoxides,whicharecatalyststhatfacilitatethebreakdownofozone.Iftheozonelayerisdepletedsignificantly,moreultravioletradiationwouldpenetratetotheEarth’ssurfaceanddamagemanylivingorganisms.

1.What’sthethematicquestionofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmostresemblestheprocessesthatdeterminetheamountofozoneintheupperstratosphere?

3.WhichofthefollowinghastheLEASTeffectontheamountofozoneintheupperatmosphere?

4.Intermsoftheamountofozoneinthestratosphere,naturalprocessesareassumedtoform______.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Howtodealwiththerelationsbetweenozonelayerandradiationdamage?

B.Whatistheaveragethicknessofthestratosphericozonelayer?

C.Whydoesincreaseexposuretoultravioletradiationdestroymanylivingorganisms?

D.Howisstratosphericozonecreatedandchanged?

问题2选项

A.Automobileemissionsandseasonalfogsthatcreatealayerofsmogoveracity.

B.Plantingandharvestingactivitiesthatproduceacropwhosesizeisalwaysaboutthesame.

C.Depositsandwithdrawalsmadeinabankaccountwhoseaveragebalanceremainsmuchthesame.

D.Assetsandliabilitiesthatdeterminethenetworthofacorporation.

问题3选项

A.Weather.

B.Latitude.

C.Season.

D.Ground-levelozone.

问题4选项

A.achainofrandomlyoccurringphenomena

B.aninteractiverelationship

C.areductionsystem

D.alinearprogression

问题5选项

A.Solarradiationnotonlyproducesanddamagesozonebutalsoposesahazardtohumanlife.

B.Naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxides,aswellasthoseintroducedbyhumans,tendtodepletethelayerofozoneinthestratosphere.

C.Adelicatebutreasonablyconstantbalanceexistsbetweenthenaturalprocessthatproduceozoneandthosethatdestroyitinthestratosphere.

D.Changesintheconcentrationofozoneinthestratospheretendtocancelthemselvesoutafteraperiodoftime.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.What’sthethematicquestionofthepassage?1.这篇文章的主题问题是什么？

A.Howtodealwiththerelationsbetweenozonelayerandradiationdamage?A.如何处理臭氧层与辐射损害的关系？

B.Whatistheaveragethicknessofthestratosphericozonelayer?B.平流层臭氧层的平均厚度是多少？

C.Whydoesincreaseexposuretoultravioletradiationdestroymanylivingorganisms?C.为什么紫外线辐射的增加会破坏许多生物体？

D.Howisstratosphericozonecreatedandchanged?D.平流层臭氧是如何产生和改变的？

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了平流层臭氧是如何产生的，第二、三段讲述了影响臭氧含量的一些因素，包括太阳活动、季节、天气和纬度，以及解释臭氧是如何被破坏和创造，但又能保持平衡，综合理解可推断，这篇文章主要是回答平流层臭氧是如何产生和改变的这个问题，故该题选择D项“平流层臭氧是如何产生和改变的？”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“如何处理臭氧层与辐射损害的关系？”、B项“平流层臭氧层的平均厚度是多少？”和C项“为什么紫外线辐射的增加会破坏许多生物体？”，原文没有谈到这三个问题，这三项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmostresemblestheprocessesthatdeterminetheamountofozoneintheupperstratosphere?2.根据文章，什么最类似于决定平流层上层的臭氧量的过程？

A.Automobileemissionsandseasonalfogsthatcreatealayerofsmogoveracity.A.汽车尾气和季节性雾霾会在城市上空形成一层雾霾。

B.Plantingandharvestingactivitiesthatproduceacropwhosesizeisalwaysaboutthesame.B.种植和收获活动产生的作物的规模总是相同。

C.Depositsandwithdrawalsmadeinabankaccountwhoseaveragebalanceremainsmuchthesame.C.在银行账户上的存款和取款，其平均余额基本不变。

D.Assetsandliabilitiesthatdeterminethenetworthofacorporation.D.决定公司净资产的资产和负债。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位第二段，该段对平流层上层的臭氧量变化过程有描述，根据前三句“由于氧分子的分裂直接取决于太阳辐射的强度，臭氧产生的最大速率发生在热带地区。然而，那里的臭氧被破坏的速度也最快，风环流模式将富含臭氧的上层大气带离赤道。结果发现，臭氧总量最大的地区是高纬度地区。”以及最后一句“然而，在地球表面的任何一个地方，自然过程所维持的长期平均值被认为是相当恒定的。”从中可知，热带地区的臭氧产生速率是最高的，但是臭氧含量最高的是高纬度地区，因为风环流模式会将富含臭氧的上层大气带到高纬度地区，这是自然过程维持的一个恒定的平均值，也就是说产生和带走的臭氧量的平均值会保持恒定，这与C项“在银行账户上的存款和取款，其平均余额基本不变”类似，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A项“汽车尾气和季节性雾霾会在城市上空形成一层雾霾”、B项“种植和收获活动产生的作物的规模总是相同”和D项“决定公司净资产的资产和负债”没有表现出保持恒定这一过程，这三项属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.WhichofthefollowinghastheLEASTeffectontheamountofozoneintheupperatmosphere?3.下列哪项对上层大气中的臭氧量影响最小？

A.Weather.A.天气。

B.Latitude.B.纬度。

C.Season.C.季节。

D.Ground-levelozone.D.地面臭氧。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第一、二句“地球附近的臭氧量只是平流层中臭氧量的一小部分，而且臭氧层和地面的分子交换被认为是相对较小的。此外，臭氧分子很不稳定，以至于只有一小部分地面臭氧能够在到达平流层的漫长旅程中存活下来，因此，近年来在地球表面附近探测到的不断增加的臭氧浓度，不会对臭氧层进行任何程度的补充。”可知，地面臭氧对于大气中的臭氧量影响最少，该题选择D项“地面臭氧”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“天气”和C项“季节”根据第二段倒数第二句“臭氧层的密度和高度也随着季节、天气和太阳活动的数量而变化”可知，这两项是对上层大气中的臭氧量影响大的因素，属于反向干扰；

B项“纬度”根据第二段第三句“结果发现，臭氧总量最大的地区是高纬度地区”可知，纬度也是影响上层大气中的臭氧量较多的，该项属于反向干扰。

4.【选项释义】

4.Intermsoftheamountofozoneinthestratosphere,naturalprocessesareassumedtoform______.4.就平流层中的臭氧量而言，自然过程被认为形成了______。

A.achainofrandomlyoccurringphenomenaA.一系列随机发生的现象

B.aninteractiverelationshipB.一种相互作用的关系

C.areductionsystemC.一个还原系统

D.alinearprogressionD.一个线性增长

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段第三、四、五句“在平流层，自然过程不断地产生和破坏臭氧。白天，太阳将一些氧分子分解成单个氧原子，这些氧原子与尚未分解的氧分子发生反应，形成臭氧。然而，阳光也会分解臭氧，将部分臭氧转化为正常的氧气。此外，自然产生的氮氧化物进入循环，加速分解反应。”可知，在平流层中，太阳分解氧分子为氧原子，然后与未分解的氧分子发生反应产生臭氧，而阳光也分解臭氧转化为正常氧气，这个自然过程一直维持臭氧量的平衡，可以说是一个相互作用的系统，所以该题选择B项“一种相互作用的关系”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“一系列随机发生的现象”，臭氧的产生和破坏并不是随机现象，该项属于曲解原文；

C项“一个还原系统”，除了还原为氧气外，还产生了臭氧，该项表示太片面，属于以偏概全；

D项“一个线性增长”，平流层中的臭氧量是一个维持平衡的状态，而不是线性增长，该项属于反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?5.这篇文章的主要思想是什么？

A.Solarradiationnotonlyproducesanddamagesozonebutalsoposesahazardtohumanlife.A.太阳辐射不仅产生和破坏臭氧，而且对人类的生命造成危害。

B.Naturallyoccurringnitrogenoxides,aswellasthoseintroducedbyhumans,tendtodepletethelayerofozoneinthestratosphere.B.自然产生的氮氧化物，以及那些由人类引入的氮氧化物，往往会消耗平流层的臭氧层。

C.Adelicatebutreasonablyconstantbalanceexistsbetweenthenaturalprocessthatproduceozoneandthosethatdestroyitinthestratosphere.C.在产生臭氧的自然过程和平流层中破坏臭氧的自然过程之间，存在着一种微妙而又相当稳定的平衡。

D.Changesintheconcentrationofozoneinthestratospheretendtocancelthemselvesoutafteraperiodoftime.D.一段时间后，平流层中臭氧浓度的变化往往会相互抵消。

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章第一段先介绍了平流层臭氧是如何产生和被破坏的，然后在最后一句指出“任何时候臭氧的总量都是产生臭氧过程和破坏臭氧过程之间的平衡”，概括了文章主要讨论的内容，即产生臭氧过程和破坏臭氧过程之间总是保持平衡；接着第二、三段分别讲述了破坏臭氧水平的因素，以及自然过程是如何平衡臭氧水平，综合理解可知，本文的主要讨论的内容就是“在产生和破坏臭氧的自然过程中存在一种微妙的平衡”，C项“在产生臭氧的自然过程和平流层中破坏臭氧的自然过程之间，存在着一种微妙而又相当稳定的平衡”符合这一题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“太阳辐射不仅产生和破坏臭氧，而且对人类的生命造成危害”、B项“自然产生的氮氧化物，以及那些由人类引入的氮氧化物，往往会消耗平流层的臭氧层”和D项“一段时间后，平流层中臭氧浓度的变化往往会相互抵消”都是部分提及，并不足以概括全文，所以这三项属于以偏概全。

9.翻译题

Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofthecollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledge.

【答案】最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现了一种倾向,这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司,很少有人愿意到研究单位。在物欲横流的社会里,这是一个不可避免的问题。学生还没有走出校门,大公司便在竞相聘用他们,向他们提供诱人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于许多大企业,甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益,而相对来说对长期的理论研究不感兴趣,所以科研人员不断从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业。因为在那里工作要比研究领域里好找,工资往往也高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观,而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹,现在单纯为了学知识而学习的学生越来越少了。

10.单选题

Popstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofroyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereportedfor,likeRoyaltypopstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearanceinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.

Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendaryfamousstarsenjoyingfame,wealthadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday'sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePop”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal!

Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompanies?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrencyoftenmorethanlargeindustrialconcernsandthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?

It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That'stheessenceofprivateenterprise.

1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtopstars'highincome?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,onewhodreamsofbeingastarshouldbeawarethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Approval

B.Disapproved.

C.ronical

D.Indifferent.

问题2选项

A.thereexistsfiercecompetitioninclimbingtothetopofthePops

B.peopleareblindinidolizingstars

C.successfulpopstarsgivegreatentertainment

D.popsstarsusuallytrytoavoidpayingtax

问题3选项

A.Popstarsgethigh-incomerepaymentbutaretaxedless.

B.Greatcontributionmadebypopstarsislimitedtoentertainmentindustry.

C.Successfulmenrepresentthetipoftheiceberg.

D.Popstarsshouldn'tenjoythelifeofroyalty.

问题4选项

A.firstheshouldlookforasteadyjobwithapension

B.atlastmanypeoplecanclimbtotheverytop

C.greateffortswillsurelyberewardedwithcompletesuccess

D.theessenceofprivateenterpriseishugerisksprobablybringinghighrewards

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由最后一段“Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.但他也知道，成功的回报确实很高；这是对所涉及的巨大风险的补偿，如果他实现了这些目标，这些回报也是应得的。”可知作者认同这种观点即高风险与高回报是并存的。答案A

第2题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“Thecompetitionforthetitle‘TopofthePop’isfierce…‘流行音乐之巅’的竞争非常激烈”，可知A项正确，答案A。

第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.发表嫉妒言论的人应该记住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角。”可知C项正确，答案C。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章末尾“Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That’stheessenceofprivateenterprise.他知道多年的集中努力可能会得到完全的回报。但他也知道，成功的回报确实很高；这是对所涉及的巨大风险的补偿，如果他实现了这些目标，他肯定是应得的。这就是个人事业的本质。”可知作者认为个人事业的高风险和高回报并存，这是梦想成为明星的人该注意的地方。故D项正确。

11.单选题

（）itornot,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.

问题1选项

A.Believe

B.Believing

C.Tobelieve

D.Believed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词用法。believeitornot其实是口语里常用的句子，是个省略的句子，完整表达为(Whetheryou)believeitornot。A选项正确。

12.填空题

Direction:Thereisadefectineachofthefollowingsentences,pleaseimprovethesentencesbyrewritingwiththelestmodificationonANSWERSHEET(10%)

Example:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlthateverymanwantstomarry.

Answer:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlwhomeverymanwantstomarry.

66.Iwillreadtheresearchpaperswhichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.

67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudent,beinginhisofficeatthetime.

68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andwerefishinginvariouslakes.

69.Theteachertoldusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.

70.Beforewriting,wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.

【答案】66.Iwillreadtheresearchpapersfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.

67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudentinhisofficeatthetime.

68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andfishedinvariouslakes.

69.Theteachertellsusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.

70.Beforewriting,thatwespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.

【解析】66.whichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline应作为定语修饰papers,而which引导定语从句在句中缺乏谓语动词，因此需要去掉which，变成介词短语直接作后置定语。

67.将逗号和being去掉，介词短语inhisofficeatthetime可直接作后置定语修饰thestudent，整个句子会更加简洁。

68.在一个句中出现了以and连接的并列成分，后面的词性、时态均保持一致。故应将werefishing更改为fished，与前面的saw和watched保持一致。

69.考查语法时态，主将从现。从句中使用的是一般将来时表虚拟，主句应该使用一般现在时才符合语法结构。因此需要将主句的谓语动词told改为一般现在时tell，主语是theteacher为第三人单数，故谓语动词的使用应与其保持一致，应改为tells。

70.句中成分完整，但wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformation做主语时，引导词that不可省略。

13.单选题

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest.BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.

AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa"goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.

1.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

3.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate（

）.

4.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

问题1选项

A.helplittletoreducegenderbias

B.poseathreattothestategovernment

C.raisewomen'spositioninpolitics

D.greatlybroadencareeroptions

问题2选项

A.Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

B.ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.

C.ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

D.Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

问题3选项

A.theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision

B.theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees

C.thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations

D.theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions

问题4选项

A.theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole

B.theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards

C.theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard

D.thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement

问题5选项

A.Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making.

C.Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

D.Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.态度题。纵观全文，文章一直在论述该法案，在最后一段作者提出了自己的想法，下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式。请记住，这些基本上都是自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助商感觉良好，但其实并没有什么帮助。由此可见作者对此法案采取否定态度，A“helplittletoreducegenderbias对减少性别偏见没什么帮助”为同义替换的正确选项。

2.细节题。根据题干中的关键词Californiameasures定位到原文第五段第二句，BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,...courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatetheconstitutionalguaranteeof...violate违反宪法，选项Cagainst替换violate为正确选项。

3.例证题。根据题干中catalyst替换到第七段，论点为上一句Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboards