考研考博-英语-南昌工学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood,whoshouldbeallowedtocome,workandlivehere?InthewakeoftheSept11attacksthesequestionshaveneverseemedmorepressing.

OnDec.11,2001,aspartoftheefforttoincreasehomelandsecurity,federalandlocalauthoritiesin14statesstaged“OperationSafeTravel”一raidsonairportstoarrestemployeeswithfalseidentification.InSaltLakeCitytherewere69arrests.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,mostofthemillegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerica.Authoritiessaidtheundocumentedworkers’illegalstatusmadethemopentoblackmailbyterrorists.

ManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsandsaidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposablegoods.

MayorAndersonsaidthosefeelingswerejustifiedtoacertainextent,“We’resayingwewantyoutoworkintheseplaces,we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare,andthenwhenit’sconvenientforus,orwhenwecantrytomakeapointintermsofnationalsecurity,especiallyafterSept.11,thenyou’redisposable.Therearewholefamiliesbeinguprootedforallofthewrongreasons,”Andersonsaid.

IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.AnaCastro,amanagerataBen&Jerry’sicecreamshopattheairporthadbeenworking10yearswiththesamefalseSocialSecuritycardwhenshewasarrestedintheDecemberairportraid.Nowsheandherfamilyarelivingunderthethreatofdeportation,Castro’scaseiscurrentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshehasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry’s.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theUnitedStatesclaimstobeanation（

）.

2.HowdidtheimmigrantsinSaltLakeCityfeelabout“OperationSafeTravel?

3.Undocumentedworkersbecamethetargetof“OperationSafeTravel”because（

）.

4.Bysayingwe’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare”(Line2,Para.4),MayorAndersonmeans“（

）

5.WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.composedofpeoplehavingdifferentvalues

B.encouragingindividualpursuits

C.sharingcommoninterests

D.foundedonsharedideals

问题2选项

A.Guilty

B.Offended

C.Disappointed

D.Discouraged

问题3选项

A.evidencewasfoundthattheywerepotentialterrorists

B.mostofthemworkedatairportsunderthreatofterrorists

C.terroristsmighttakeadvantageoftheirillegalstatus

D.theywerereportedlyhelpinghideterroristsaroundtheairport

问题4选项

A.wewillturnablindeyetoyourillegalstatus

B.wewillexaminethelawsinadifferentway

C.thereareotherwaysofenforcingthelaw

D.theexistinglawsmustnotbeignored

问题5选项

A.Shewillbedeportedsoonerorlater.

B.Sheisallowedtostaypermanently.

C.Hercasehasbeendropped

D.Herfateremainsuncertain.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据文章第一句Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood,whoshouldbeallowedtocome,workandlivehere?在一个以理想而非以共同血缘为基石的国家，应该允许什么样的人来工作和居住呢？由此可以得知美国重视共同的理想(sharedideals)。所以D选项正确。

2.根据第三段ManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsandsaidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposablegoods.盐湖城的许多移民都对这次逮捕表示愤慨，他们说感觉自己就像是一次性商品一样被对待。确定移民们反应强烈，自尊心受到很大伤害，所以B选项‘被冒犯的’符合题意。A‘有罪的‘、C‘失望的‘、D‘气馁的’都不能与文章angered的意思符合，所以排除。

3.根据第二段最后一句‘Authoritiessaidtheundocumentedworkers'illegalstatusmadethemopentoblackmailbyterrorists.当局声称这些没有合法证件的劳工的非法身份使他们极易受到恐怖分子的讹诈，’确定C选项‘恐怖分子可能会利用他们不合法的身份’正确。根据第二段Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,mostofthemillegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerica.但这些被捕的人并非恐怖分子，他们大多数人只是中南美洲的非法移民。确定A选项‘有证据表明他们是潜在的恐怖分子‘错误。B选项’他们大多数在机场工作，并且受到恐怖分子的威胁‘前半句是事实，但后半句原文没有提及。D选项‘他们被举报正在帮助机场周围的恐怖分子‘文中完全没有提及。所以排除。

4.根据第四段We’resayingwewantyoutoworkintheseplaces,we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare,andthenwhenit’sconvenientforus,orwhenwecantrytomakeapointintermsofnationalsecurity,especiallyafterSept.11,thenyou’redisposable.我们说希望你们来这些地方工作，我们会想其他办法来对法律中的规定做出解释。然而当一切都方便我们行动时或是在我们谈到国家安全问题的时候，尤其是‘‘911事件”后，你们就任由处置了。可以推测美国在劳动力短缺时期对非法移民是睁一眼闭一眼的，所以A选项‘我们将会对你们的非法身份视而不见‘正确。C选项’有强化法律的其他方法‘与题目中looktheotherway“视而不见，忽视”矛盾了。B选项’我们将会采取不同的方式监管法律‘和D选项’现存的法律不容忽视‘文中没有提及，排除。

5.根据最后一段第三、四句：Nowsheandherfamilyarelivingunderthethreatofdeportation,Castro’scaseiscurrentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshehasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry’s.现在，她和她的家人每天都生活在要被驱逐出境的威胁之中。卡斯特罗的案件目前正等待最终审理。政府已允许她在等候审判结果期间在美国工作，现在她已重新回到了Ben&Jerry冰激凌店工作。确定D选项‘她的命运尚不确定‘正确。

2.翻译题

Directions:ChoosetwoofthefollowingsentencesandtranslatethemintoEnglish.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points,5pointseach)

Note:Youarerequiredtotranslate2ofthefollowingsentences.

1、世界是丰富多彩的，各种文明和社会体制应当求同存异并，取长补短。我们不能照搬照抄别国的政治制度。

2、世界上很难找出政党制度和政治制度完全相同的国家。各国有各国的国情。关键的是要有利于经济发展和政治稳定，维护和实现人民的根本利益。

3、腐败作为一种社会历史现象，古今中外很多社会都有。现在世界上没有哪个国家能说已经完全消除了腐败。只有程度的不同。

4、不谋万世者，不足谋一时；不谋全局者，不足谋一域。

5、子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉；择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”

【答案】1.Ourworldisdiverseandcolorful.Allkindsofcivilizationsandsocialistsystemsshouldseekcommongroundwhilereservingdifferencesandlearnfromeachothertomakeupdeficiencies.Weshouldnotcopythepoliticalsystemofothercountriesmechanically.

2.Wecanhardlyfindtwocountriesthathaveexactlythesamepoliticalpartysystemandpoliticalsystem.Differentcountrieshavedifferentnationalconditions.Whatisessentialisthatthekindofpartysystemtheyinstituteshouldservetheireconomicdevelopment,politicalstability,andmaintenanceandrealizationofthefundamentalinterestsoftheirpeople.

3.Corruption,asasocialandhistoricphenomenon,hasexistedinmanysocieties,bothinthepastandatpresent.Nocountryintheworldtodaycanacclaimthatithascompletelyeliminatedcorruption.Theonlydifferenceliesinthedegreeofseriousnessofthisproblem.

4.Withoutlong-termstrategy,short-termachievementisimpossible.Withoutfull-scaleconsideration,simpleactionisimpracticable.

5.Confuciussaid,“Whenthreearewalkingtogether,Iamsuretofindteachersamongthem.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem.”

3.单选题

Agroupofyoungmeninragssaunteredalongthestreet.

问题1选项

A.shuffled

B.rambled

C.tacked

D.hollered

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.shuffled拖着脚走，坐立不安B.rambled漫步，闲逛

C.tacked（用平头钉）钉住；戗风行驶D.hollered发牢骚，大声喊叫

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由Agroupofyoungmeninrags（一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人）和street（街道）可推测，句子意思表示“一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人沿街闲逛”，划线单词sauntered表示“闲逛，漫步”。因此，B选项词义最为接近，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词意思不符合。

【句意】一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人沿街闲逛。

4.单选题

Heis

a/an（）andwell-behavedchild,but

hisparentsworryabouthimforhetalkstoolittle.

问题1选项

A.obedient

B.transient

C.conscious

D.passionate

【答案】A

【解析】obedient指顺从的,听话的；transient指短暂的；conscious指知道的,清醒的；passionate指激情的。句意：他是个听话的孩子,但他父母担心他有些过于内向。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

FinallythedirtroadinMainewasleadinghome.Thetiretouchedthefirstprofanityofpavement,andsubtlymyvacationbeganslippingaway.

BythefirstFinallythedirtroadinMainewasleadinghome.Thetiretouchedthefirstprofanityofpavement,tollboothmystateofmindhadshiftedfromneutraltofirstgear.BythetimeIhadpassedallmyfavoritelandmarks,thesigntoBiddeford,thebridgelabeledCatMousamRoad—Ihadslowlyandreluctantlybeguntorelocatemysenseofplace,mysenseofvalues.

Iwasgoingback,tolistsandalarmclocksandstockingsandschoollunchesandalltheexternalpressuresofthelifeknownascivilization.IwasgoingbacktothingsIhadtodo.

Thistimeeventheskiesdividedthesetwohalvesofmylife.AlongRoute95,acurtainofalmostimpenetrablerainseparatedoneworldfromtheother.Thedaybefore,thisrainontheroofofthehousewouldhavebeenacomfortingboundarytotheday,apredictionofreadingandfires.Now,therainonthewindshieldofthecarwasahassle,achallengetoovercome.

Iturneduptheradio,soIcouldhearthefinalinstallmentofJaneEyreoverthepeltingrain,andthoughtaboutthesedifferentrhythmsthatmarkmyownlife,markofourlives.LeftbehindwasaworldinwhichIsimplylivedaccordingtoitspatterns.AheadofmewastheworldofagendasandproblemsthatIwasexpectedtoencounterandresolve.

Wasitcountryversuscity?Leisureversuswork?Natureversushumanenvironment?Bothandneither.Vacationisastateofmindasmuchasastateofunion.

FortwoandhalfweeksinMainIwatchedthesky,thecove,thecormorantsandaseagullwiththegalltostealchickenoffourbarbecue.IamtoldthatIbecameanaccomplishedmudwatcher,sittingontheporch,watchingthebottomofthecoveoflowtideforhours.IpridedmyselfondevelopingahobbyrarelylistedinWho'sWho,Ibecameafinestick-in-the-mud.

Tome,anurbanwomanwholivesmuchofherlifeaccordingtootherpeople'sdeadlinesanddemands,thiswasachancetoliterallyvacatetheworldofschedulesandstruggles.

Ididnot,donot,usemyvacationtoclimbmountains,shootrapidsorfulfillitinerariesofsometravelagent.Ipreferredtodriftalongrayinclinationdownthroughthecircleofgoalstothemudofacceptance.

Iwascontentwiththeharmonywecalldoingnothing.Therewasasenseoflettinggotbeingateasewithtimeratherthanatoddswithit,Iwallowedintheunder-standingthattherewasnothingthathadtobedonebeyondwatchingtheclothesdryandcastingformackerel.

ButIwasalsoreturning.Returningtotheenergy,thestructure,thedemands,thepressure,Ialsochoseengagement.

Thereare,Isuppose,thesetwosidestoallofus.Thesidethatwallowslikeanyriserorganismintheworld,andtheothersidethatseekssomepurpose"above"that.Thesidethatfeelsmostcontentinnature,andtheothersidethatfeelsmoreenergized"ontopoftheworld."

Iamawareofthisduality,theurgetowatchthemud,theurgetobuildsomethingoutofit.Ourpeculiarhumancreativitydoesn'tcomefromharmonybutfromwrestlingwithchaosaswell.Everypoemandeverybuildingwaswrestedoutofmaterialbypeoplewhorefusedtoacceptthingsastheywere.

Toooftenweworkbyclocksinsteadofsunsetsandbecomemoreattunedtoairconditioningthantheconditionoftheair.Butthereisalsoinallthisthechallengeandenergyandpleasureofaccomplishment.

Atonetime,Ithoughttheseworldswereatodds,thatwehadtochooseengagementordisengagement,acceptingoraccomplishment,watchingthemudorbuildingwithit.

Buttravelingthiskindofroadagainandagain,Irealizedthattheyarejusttwodestinations,pointsalongapathofdirtandpavement.Nowitisthetensionthatintriguesme.Thesearchforabalancebetweencomfortandpurposefulness,betweenacceptingthingsandstrugglingwiththem.

Drivinghome,Iwasreluctanttoleaveonefortheother,reluctanttoputonmycityclothesofpurposeandstructure.ButIknewthatIwasluckytobeacommuter.

36.Inthefirstfewparagraphstheauthor（）.

37.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewaytheauthorspendshervacation?

38.Allofthefollowingsignifytheauthor'stwodifferentworldsEXCEPT（）

39.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

40.Whatdoestheauthormostprobablymeanwhenshesaysshewasluckytobeacommuter?

问题1选项

A.reflectedonhervacation

B.mentallyswitchedvacationtocitylife

C.marveledatwhatcitylifecouldoffer

D.reconciledcountrylifewithcitylife

问题2选项

A.Hastily.

B.Creatively.

C.Restlessly.

D.Relaxedly.

问题3选项

A.thefinalinstilmentofJaneEyreandthepeltingrain(para.5)

B.feelingcontentinnatureandfeelingmoreenergized“ontopoftheworld"(para.12)

C.peculiarhumancreativityandwrestlingwithchaos(para.13)

D.comfortandpurposefulness(para.16)

问题4选项

A.theauthoroftentakesvacation

B.theauthor'shometownisinMaine

C.theauthorhatesskyscrapers

D.theauthorhatestravelingonarainyday

问题5选项

A.Shewasabletochooseengagementordisengagement.

B.ShewasabletomoveherhometoMaineinthefuture.

C.Shewasabletostrikeabalancebetweennaturallifeandhumanlife.

D.Shewasabletochooseonelifeovertheother.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】36.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“firstfewparagraphs”可将信息点定位至原文开篇前几段。根据“leadinghome”“myvacationbeganslippingaway”“Iwasgoingback…”即可得出本题答案。

37.

观点态度题。根据题干关键词“thewaytheauthorspendshervacation”，本题设问是作者对其假期的态度。根据原文第七段作者对其假期生活的详细描述以及“achancetoliterallyvacatetheworldofschedulesandstruggles.”“asenseoflettinggotbeingateasewithtime”等，即可得出本题答案。

38.

细节推断题。作者在文中多次提到了城市生活和假期生活“两个世界”的对比，注意题干关键词“except”，选项C并未体现出两者的对比。从而得出本题答案。

39.事实推断题。根据原文最后一段最后一句“ButIknewthatIwasluckytobeacommuter.”中的“commuter”指的是来往“work”和“vacation”。即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

40.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“reluctanttoleaveonefortheother”可知作者认为假期生活与城市生活同等重要，要保持二者的平衡。从而得出本题答案。

6.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

WhileitistruethatAmericansbelievethatclimbingtheeducationalladderleadstosuccess,theyarelesscertainthatintellectualachievement,whichisthemainpurposeoftheschools,istheonlyimportantfactorleadingtosuccess.Acompetitive-evenaggressive-personalityisseenasimportanttosuccess,especiallyinmen.Thedevelopmentofsocialandpoliticalskillsarealsoconsideredtobeveryimportant.

TohelpAmericanstodeveloptheseotherimportantskills,schoolshaveaddedalargenumberofextracurricularactivitiestodailylifeatschool.Thisisespeciallytrueofhighschoolsandcollegesbutextendsdownintoelementaryschoolsaswell.

Athletics,frequentlycalled"competitivesports",areperhapsthemostimportantoftheseactivities.Football,basketball,andbaseballteamsareseenasveryimportantinstudents,particularlyboys,the"winningspirit".Attimes,athleticteamsseemtobecomemoreimportanttosomestudentsandtheirparentsthanacademicprogramsofferedbytheschools.

【答案】尽管美国人的确认为教育是通向成功的阶梯，但他们并不确定，作为学校教育主要目的的知识成就是通向成功的唯一重要因素。人们认为争强好胜甚至带有侵略性的个性，对取得成功很重要，特别是对男人而言。社交能力和政治技能的培养也非常重要。

为了帮助美国人培养这些另外的重要技能，学校在日常生活中增加了大量课外活动。高中和大学尤其如此，而且也延伸到了小学。

田径运动，常被称为“竞技体育”，可能是这些活动中最重要的。足球、篮球和棒球队对学生，尤其是男生来说，被视为非常重要的“求胜精神”。有时，对于一些学生和家长来说，运动队似乎比学校提供的学术课程更为重要。

7.单选题

Hewasverypluckyindealingwiththeintruders.

问题1选项

A.timid

B.brave

C.shy

D.nervous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项timid“胆小的，羞怯的”，B项brave“勇敢的，无畏的，表现勇敢的”，C项shy“害羞的，畏缩的”，D项nervous“神经的，紧张不安的”。句意：他在对付闯入者时非常勇敢。根据句意可知，plucky在句中表示“勇敢”。因此，该题选择B项。

8.单选题

Thisnewlyestablishedinstitutionhastofaceawholerangeofcrimesand（

）.

问题1选项

A.femininity

B.prescriptions

C.delinquencies

D.authenticity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项femininity“女性气质”；B选项prescription“处方，药方”；C选项delinquency“不法行为，违法行为”；D选项authenticity“真实性，确实性”。由and可知空格处与crimes（罪行，犯罪）具有同样的感情色彩，因此选C。句意：这个新成立的机构必须面对一系列的罪行和违法行为。

9.翻译题

思维这一主题是心理学的一个研究领域，许多观察者在研究机器人和计算机时都考虑到了这一方面：一些由来已久的关于AI（人工智能）的忧虑与计算机能否思考密切相关。第一批巨大的能快速运算（即使往往不太可靠）并且几乎或完全不能进行创造性活动的电子计算机，不久便被称作“电脑”。接着很快便产生了对这一术语的反应：为了做到恰如其分，人们把计算机称作“高速白痴”，以保护人类的虚荣心。在这样一种氛围里，人们很少考虑计算机可以实际上具有生命的可能性：计算机竟有可能思考，这已经够糟糕的了。但并不是人人都意识到“高速白痴”这一称谓的含义是什么。人们很少提到的是：即使是人类中的白痴，也是地球上最有智慧的生命形态之一，如果早期的计算机就有那么聪明，那已经就是很了不起的事了。

【答案】Thetopicofthoughtisoneareaofpsychology,andmanyobservershaveconsideredthisaspectinconnectionwithrobotsandcomputers:someoftheoldworriesaboutAI(artificialintelligence)werecloselylinkedtothequestionofwhethercomputerscouldthink.Thefirstmassiveelectroniccomputers,capableofrapid(ifoftenunreliable)computationandlittleornocreativeactivity,weresoonnamed“electronicbrains”.Areactiontothisterminologyquicklyfollowed:Toputthemintheirplace,computerswerecalled“high-speedidiots”,anefforttoprotecthumanvanity.Insuchaclimate,thepossibilityofcomputersactuallybeingalivewasrarelyconsidered:itwasbadenoughthatcomputersmightbecapableofthought.Butnoteveryonerealizedtheimplicationsoftheexpressionthe“high-speedidiot”tag.Ithasnotbeenpointedoutoftenenoughthateventhehumanidiotisoneofthemostintelligentlifeformsontheearth.Iftheearlycomputerswereeventhatintelligent,itwasalreadyaremarkablestateofaffairs.

10.单选题

WinstonChurchillenjoyedtakinglukewarmbath.

问题1选项

A.tepid

B.frigid

C.chilly

D.cloudy

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.tepid温热的B.frigid寒冷的

C.chilly阴冷的D.cloudy多云的；阴天的

【答案】A

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】原文划线词修饰的是bath“洗澡”，划线词前后语义为“温斯顿•丘吉尔（WinstonChurchill）喜欢洗____澡”。由此可知，该词指的是洗澡的水温，并且是让人喜欢的一种状态，A选项tepid“温热的”最符合原句语义衔接。原词lukewarm“微温的”。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】温斯顿•丘吉尔（WinstonChurchill）喜欢洗温水澡。

11.翻译题

Ihavealwaysdislikedbeingaman.1.ThewholeideaofmanhoodinAmericaispitiful,inmyopinion.Eventheexpression“Beaman!”strikesmeasinsultingandabusive.Itmeans:Bestupid,beunfeeling,obedient,soldierlyandstopthinking.Manmeans“manly”—howcanonethinkaboutmenwithoutconsideringtheterribleambitionofmanliness?Andyetitispartofeveryman’slife.Itisahideousandcripplinglie;itnotonlyinsistsondifferenceandconnivesatsuperiority,itisalsobyitsverynaturedestructive—emotionallydamagingandsociallyharmful.

Itisveryhardtoimagineanyconceptofmanlinessthatdoesnotbelittlewomen,anditbeginsveryearly.AtanagewhenIwantedtomeetgirls—let’ssaythetreacherousyearsofthirteentosixteen—Iwastoldtotakeupasport,getmorefreshair,andIwasurgednottoreadsomuch.Ifyouaskedtoomanyquestionsaboutsexyouweresenttocamp—aboy’scamp,ofcourse:thenightmare.Nothingismoreunnaturalorprison-likethanaboy’scamp.

2.ItoughttobeclearbynowthatIhavesomethingofanobjectiontothewayweturnboysintomen.ItdoesnotsurprisemethatwhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStateshashiscustomaryweekendoffhedresseslikeacowboy—itisbothameasureofhisinsecurityandhiswillingnesstoplease.Inmanyways,AmericanculturedoeslittlemoreforamanthanpreparehimformodelingclothesintheL.L.Beancatalogue.

Therewasafearthatwritingwasnotamanlyprofession-indeed,notaprofessionatall.TheparadoxinAmericanlettersisthatithasalwaysbeeneasierforawomantowriteandforamantobepublished.3.Writingisonlymanlywhenitproduceswealth—moneyismasculinity.Soisdrinking,particularlytheabilitytodrinkanothermanunderthetable.AmaninAmericahastokilllions,huntducks,andcarryenoughknivesandgunsonhisshoulders,toprovethatheisjustasmuchamonsterasthenextman.Everythinginstereotypedmanlinessgoesagainstthelifeofthemind.

4.Therewouldbenopointinsayinganyofthisifitwerenotgenerallyacceptedthattobeamanissomehow—evennowinfeminist-influencedAmerica—aprivilege.Itisonthecontraryanunmercifulandpunishingburden.Beingamanisbadenough;beingmanlyisappalling.Itisthesinistersillinessofmen’sfashions,andaclubbyattitudeinthearts.Itisthesubversionofgoodstudents.Itistheso-called“DressCode”oftheRitz-CarltonHotelinBoston,anditistheinstitutionalizedcheatingincollegesports.Itisthemostprimitiveinsecurity.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.在我看来，美国的整个男子汉思想是很可怜的。就连“做个男子汉！”这样的表达也让我觉得是一种侮辱和谩骂。它意味着愚蠢、冷酷、顺从、像士兵一样鲁莽，还指不愿意思考。男人意味着“有男子气概”——人们在思考男人的时候怎么能不考虑男子气概的可怕野心呢？

2.我有点反对我们把男孩变成男人的方式。到目前为止，这一点应该十分清楚。我丝毫不感到奇怪，美国总统在周末例行休假的时候，把自己打扮成牛仔——这既说明他没有安全感又说明他想讨好别人。

3.写作只有在产生财富时才有男人味。有钱才有男人味。酗酒也意味着男人味，让另一个男人喝趴下的能力尤其如此。美国男人必须捕杀狮子、猎取野鸭、肩上扛满刀枪，以证明他像别的男人一样残忍。刻板印象中男人气概的一切都不利于心智生活。

4.即便是在受女权主义影响的美国，做男人也是一种特权。如果不是由于这种观念被世人广为认同，那谈上述情况就毫无意义了。相反，做男人是一个过重的、带有惩罚性质的负担。身为男人糟糕透顶，有男子气概则让人心惊胆战。

12.单选题

Hewas（）forhisyearsofservicetothecompanywithagrandfarewellpartyandseveralpresents.

问题1选项

A.awarded

B.rewarded

C.warded

D.safeguarded

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。award“授予，判定”；reward“奖励，奖赏”；ward“避开，保卫，守护”；safeguard“保护，保卫”。句意：他因数年对公司的贡献而获得奖赏，公司为他举行了一个隆重的欢送会还有几样礼物。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Theboyansweredallmyquestionswithcomplete（

）.

问题1选项

A.insurance

B.security

C.assurance

D.safety

【答案】C

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。insurance“保险，保险费”；security“安全，保证”；assurance“保证，担保，确信”；safety“安全，保险”。句意：这个小男孩自信地回答了我所有的问题。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat____thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.

问题1选项

A.atlarge

B.atintervals

C.atease

D.atrandom

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.atlarge在逃的B.atintervals时时，不时

C.atease安逸地，不紧张地D.atrandom随机地，随便地

【考查点】语义衔接与词组辨析

【解题思路】首先，空格后是一个完整的句子，该处应填入一个副词，做状语。其次，前文提到“这个讲座冗长而令人疲惫”，后文提到“发言的人停下来喝点水”根据so…that…提示，后者应该是前文的结果，B选项atintervals“时时，不时”符合原文语境。

【干扰项排除】

A选项atlarge“在逃的”，语义和词性不符；

C选项atease“安逸地，不紧张地”，语义不符；

D选项atrandom“随机地，随便地”，原文是指喝水的频率高，而不是说喝得很随便。

【句意】这个讲座冗长而令人疲惫以至于发言的人都不时停下来喝点水。

15.单选题

Therulewillnolongerpermitustouseasevidencestatementsthathavebeenobtainedusingcruel,inhuman,ordegradinginterrogationmethods.

问题1选项

A.punching

B.disturbing

C.questioning

D.rejecting

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.punching拳打，以拳痛击B.disturbing打扰，干扰

C.questioning正式提问，质询D.rejecting拒绝接受，不予考虑

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】interrogation的意思为“审问”，这里指不能用残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法，questioning与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】该规则不再允许我们使用通过残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法获得的证词作为证据。

16.不定项选择题

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety’sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopesandfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyismirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweakness,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry’sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

1.Whatisthepurposeforauthortocitetheexampleofstageinparagraph2?

2.Whydoespublicpaymuchattentiontoexceptionaleducation?

3.WhichoneofthefollowingactionshasNOTbeentakentofacilitateexceptionaleducation?

4.Theword“substantially”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Toshowthoseexceptionalchildrenaremoreeasilyinfluencedthannormalchildren.

B.Toindicatethoseexceptionalchildrenhavegreatpotentials.

C.Toidentifyallmenareborntobeequal.

D.Toillustratetheimportanceofenvironmentsuchasfamilyandsociety.

问题2选项

A.Exceptionaleducationisapartofcompulsoryeducation.

B.Thebeliefthatexceptionalchildrenshoulddeveloptheirpotentialsaswell.

C.Exceptionaleducationhasbeenunderestimatedforalongtime.

D.Exceptionaleducationisareflectionofsociety.

问题3选项

A.Courtshaveconfirmedtherightforexceptionalchildrentoreceiveeducation.

B.Governmentshavemadepoliciestoprotectexceptionaleducation.

C.Schoolsareforcedbycourtstotakeactionstooffereducationforexceptionalchildren.

D.Schoolshaveappropriatedprogramsandinstructiontosatisfytheneedofexceptionalchildren.

问题4选项

A.stunningly

B.generally

C.adequately

D.fundamentally

问题5选项

A.Thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren.

B.Thespecialtyofexceptionalchildren.

C.Theintroductionofeducationprograms.

D.Theresponsibilitiesofgovernmentforthoseexceptionalchildren.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。通过列举了舞台的例子，作者强调了配角和剧中布景的重要性，结合下文Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment（特殊儿童所生活的家庭和社会往往是他们成长和发展的关键）可知，对特殊儿童而言，家庭和社会环境也是很重要的，因此D选项“说明环境的重要性，如家庭和社会”正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由第三段第三句Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities（在过去的30年中，公共教育对特殊儿童的极大兴趣表明了我们社会中的一种强烈想法，那就是所有的公民，无论其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会）可推断出B选项“特殊儿童也应该开发他们的潜能的信念”符合题意。

第3题:事实细节题。需注意题干中的NOT，因此要找出文中没有提及的措施。由第四段第五句Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation（最近的法院判决确认了所有儿童，无论残疾与否，都有接受适当教育的权利，并命令公立学校采取必要措施提供这种教育）可排除A选项和C选项；由本文最后一句Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms（作为回应，学校正在调整课程，使教学能够适应特殊儿童，那些不能从常规课程中真正获益的儿童的需要）可排除D选项，因此B选项为正确答案。

第4题:语义推测题。根据上下文可知，学校正在调整课程，以适应特殊儿童的需要，因此可以推断出，常规课程是不足以应对特殊儿童的，substantially应为“足够的”，C选项符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。解题关键句通常在第一段或最后一段，由第一段第二句Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,the