考研考博-英语-华南农业大学珠江学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华南农业大学珠江学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

Adversity(逆境)referstothedifficultiesandsetbacksconfrontedbypeopleinlife.Adversityexistsineveryone'slife.Itplaysanimportantroleintheprocessofpeople’sgrowthandmaturity.People'sattitudetowardsadversitydeterminesitsinfluenceonthem.AdoptingapositiveattitudetowardsadversitywillmaturateourpersonalityTherefore,adversityisactuallyachallengeandtrial,whichcanbringonespotentialintofullplay.Itcanhelpdriveawayone'slazinessandperfectoneselfinthefightagainstdifficulties.Thatisthesignificanceofadversity.

【答案】逆境是指人们在生活中遇到的困难和挫折。逆境存在于每个人的生活中。它在人们的成长和成熟过程中起着重要的作用。人们对待逆境的态度决定了它对他们的影响。对逆境采取积极的态度将使我们的个性成熟，因此逆境实际上是一种挑战和考验，它能使人潜能充分发挥。它能帮助人赶走懒惰，在对抗困难的斗争中完善自己。这就是逆境的意义。

2.翻译题

给予最重要的意义并不在于物质方面，而尤其在于人性方面。一个人会给予另一个人什么呢？他把自己拥有的最珍贵的东西给予别人，把自己的生命给予别人。这不一定意味着他要为别人而牺牲自己的生命，而是指他把自己身上的存在的东西给予别人，把自己的快乐、理解、知识、幽默、哀愁，把他身上存在的所有东西表露和显现给别人。在他把自己的生命给予别人的同时，他丰富了别人的生命。通过提高自己的生存感，他会提高别人的生存感。他不是为了获取才给予；给予本身就是一种强烈的快乐。当然，在给予中，他不知不觉地使别人身上某些东西得到新生，这种新生的东西反过来又给他带来了新的希望；在真诚的给予中，他无意识地得到了别人给他的回馈。给予暗示了让对方也成为给予者；双方共同分享他们已使某些东西得到了新生的快乐。在给予的行为中，某种东西得以新生，而对于这新生事物，涉及的双方都充满感激之情。仅就爱而言，这意味着爱是一种能产生爱的力量；没有（这种）力量就不会产生爱。

【答案】【参考译文】

Themostimportantmeaningofgivingdoesnotlieinthematerialaspect,butespeciallyinthehumanaspect.Whatdoesapersongivetoanotherperson?Hegivestoothersthemostpreciousthinghepossesses,giveshislifetoothers.Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthathesacrificeshislifeforothers,butthathegivestootherswhatexistsinhim,hisjoy,hisunderstanding,hisknowledge,hishumor,hissorrow,allthatisinhimtoshowandmanifest.Ashegiveshislifetoothers,heenrichesthelifeofothers.Byenhancinghisownsenseofbeing,hewouldenhancethesenseofbeingofothers.Hedoesnotgiveinordertoacquire;givingitselfisastrongpleasure.Ofcourse,ingiving,heunwittinglybringssomethingtolifeintheother,andthisnewlifeinturngiveshimnewhope;ingivingsincerely,heunconsciouslyreceiveswhatothersgivebacktohim.Givingimpliesthattheotherpersonbecomesagivertoo;bothpartiessharethejoythattheyhavebroughtsomethingtolife.Intheactofgiving,somethingisborn,andbothpartiesinvolvedaregratefulforthatbirth.Inthecaseoflovealone,thismeansthatloveisaforcethatproduceslove;withoutit,therewillbenolove.

3.单选题

Bobwasnota（

）manwhonevermadeaquickdecisionaboutanything.

问题1选项

A.bold

B.reckless

C.deliberate

D.rash

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。bold“大胆的，英勇的”；reckless“鲁莽的，不顾后果的”；deliberate“故意的，深思熟虑的”；rash“轻率的，鲁莽的”。句意：Bob不是那种在做决定之前多加思考的人。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Themostimportantpartsofthecollectionareinaccessibletoscholar.

问题1选项

A.notuseful

B.notattractive

C.notclear

D.notavailable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。inaccessible表示“难接近的，难达到的”；A项notuseful“没有用的”，B项notattractive“不吸引人的”，C项notclear“不清楚的”，D项notavailable“难以获得的，不能利用的”。句意：学者们无法看到收藏的最重要的部分。因此D项正确。

5.单选题

Insomecountries,studentsareexpectedtobequietand（

）intheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.skeptical

B.faithful

C.obedient

D.subsidiary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。skeptical怀疑的；faithful忠诚的，尽职的；obedient顺从的，服从的；subsidiary辅助的，附属的。句意：在一些国家，人们期望学生们在课堂上保持安静、顺从听话。由“quietand”可推断and之后的词义应与quiet性质一致，故C项符合题意，答案C

6.单选题

Ittookusonlyafewhoursto______thepaperoffallfourwalls.

问题1选项

A.shear

B.scrape

C.stroke

D.chip

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.shear给（羊）剪（羊毛），剪（头发）

B.scrape刮掉，削去

C.stroke轻抚，抚摩（动物的毛皮、物体表面或头发等）D.chip打破，将（土豆等）切条，凿下（碎片、屑片）

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据空格后的关键词paper（纸）可知，空格处表示“刮掉”符合语义。因此，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】我们只花了几个小时就把四面墙的纸刮掉了。

7.单选题

Peterhadhispiano______yesterdayandtheresultisexcellent.

问题1选项

A.tuned

B.turned

C.tied

D.wound

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项tuned“（为乐器）调音，校音”；B选项turned“（使）转动，旋转”；C选项tied“（用线、绳等）系，拴”；D选项wound“使（身体）受伤，（用武器）伤害”。句意：彼得昨天请人给钢琴______，结果很好。根据语境，这里A选项tuned“（为乐器）调音”搭配钢琴比较合理，意思是请人给钢琴调音以后，钢琴弹出来的效果就很好了，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ournatureisnotconsideredasimmutable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”.

Wecansafelysay,withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionsofthesexesandtheirrespectivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction,raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingdualismonastronglyhierarchicalmodel,lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysatisfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.

Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbetweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstnature,adeviationfromthenorm.

Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women’splace,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.,workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,belongtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateandpublic)gaverisetoastrictdichotomybetweentheattitudes,whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,“cared,nurturedandconserved”.Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.Theman,ontheotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupeverydayinthestruggleforsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnaturalinaman.

Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambitionandpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthewishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.Aboveall,forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.

1.Wedidnotrecognizeuntilrecentlythat（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatitisnowpossibleforwomentoembarkonacareerbecause（）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,theauthorseemstothinkthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorthinkisthemostimportantreasonforwomentogotowork?

问题1选项

A.theroledistinctionbetweendifferentsexesisconspicuous

B.thedifferentdefinitionsofsexesbearsonthedevelopmentofculture

C.thebiologicalevolutiondoeslittlehelpinrecognizingtheidentityofofthesexes

D.theprogressofcivilizationgreatlyinfluencestheroledefinitionsofsexes

问题2选项

A.women’sliberationmovementhasbeengoingonformanyyears

B.ideasabouttherolesofwomenhavebeenchanging

C.theexpansionofsciencesscarcelyremoldsthewomen’sroles

D.thechangeinsexrolesisoutofthequestion

问题3选项

A.femalepassivityandmaleaggressionareborninnately

B.menandwomenareidenticalphysicallyandemotionally

C.somedifferentidentityisbasedontherolessuitabletoeach

D.menaretheonlylaborpowerinthemoderncompetitionworld

问题4选项

A.Wishtoclaimtheirrightsandfreedom.

B.Desirefortheirsuccessincareer.

C.Establishingmorerelationships.

D.Gettingmorefinancialbenefits.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第二句“Butwehaverealized...discoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.”但是直到最近我们才意识到,要确定两性的身份并不容易,其定义是根据我们所知的不同类型的文化演变而来的,即科学发现和意识形态革命。也就是说,文明的进步极大地影响了两性的角色定义,选项D符合原文。

2.根据第一段最后两句,在我们即将进入21世纪之际,生物学和遗传学所取得的重大进展正在从根本上挑战每一个性别所具有的角色、责任和特定特征。然而,就在不到20年前,这些被认为是“无可争议的”。也就是说,人们关于女性角色的观念一直在改变。选项B符合原文。

3.根据第四段的第一句“Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.”性别角色是根据适合每个人的“地方”来确定的。下文继续提到:这种以性别为基础的世界划分(私人的和公共的)导致了态度之间的严格对立,这种对立赋予了每一种性别所特有的特征。由此可知,作者认为不同的特征是基于适合每一个性别的不同角色。选项C符合原文。

4.根据最后一段最后一句“forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.”对所有妇女来说,工作总是与渴望独立有关。所以,女性去工作最重要的原因是渴望权利与自由。选项A符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

9.单选题

Indigoisavatcolor,（）calledbecauseitdoesnotdissolveinwater.

问题1选项

A.whichis

B.itis

C.but

D.so

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词修饰动词。A选项使用主动语态错误，并且谓语重复，排除；B选项谓语重复，排除；C选项but后面缺少主语，排除。D选项so是一个副词，意思是“这样地”。句意：靛蓝是一种染色用颜色，之所以这样称呼是因为它不溶于水。因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Wehavenotyetbeeninformed（）.

问题1选项

A.concerningtheonewhobrokethewindow

B.abouttheidentityoftheindividualwhoisresponsibleforbreakingthewindow

C.ofthewindow-breaker

D.astowhobrokethewindow

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词inform的用法，inform一般和介词of或about构成搭配，informsb.(of/aboutsth.)表示“知会；通知；通告”，因此C项正确。句意：关于谁是破窗而入者，我们还未接到通知。

11.单选题

Heisbelievedtohavebeenshotbyarivalgangin（）fortheshootinglastweek.

问题1选项

A.revenge

B.reserve

C.reverse

D.remedial

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词和形容词辨析。A选项revenge“报复；替……报仇”；B选项reserve“储备；自然保护区；预备队；储备金”；C选项reverse“背面；相反；倒退”；D选项remedial“治疗的；补救的；矫正的”。句意：据说他是被敌对帮派射杀，为上周的枪击案复仇。由关键词“shooting枪击”可推知“报复”符合语境，因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Doyoufrequentthelocalstoreorbuyfromthemail-orderhouse?

问题1选项

A.phoneat

B.parkat

C.chargeat

D.shopat

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。Frequent作动词表示“常去”；A项phoneat没有这个搭配，phone作动词表示“打电话”，B项parkat“在……停车”，C项chargeat“冲击，猛攻”，D项shopat“在……购物”。句意：你经常去实体店买东西还是网上购物呢？因此D项正确。

13.单选题

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.

问题1选项

A.conceal

B.consent

C.abide

D.comply

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conceal“隐藏，隐瞒”；B选项consent“同意，准许”；C选项abide“忍受”；D选项comply“遵守”。

句意：不言而喻，拒绝遵守法律的人将受到惩罚。complywith意为“遵守”，所以选项D正确。

14.翻译题

"Time”saystheproverb“ismoney”.Thismeansthateverymomentwell-spentmayputsomemoneyintoourpockets.(1)Ifourtimeisusefullyemployed,itwilleitherturnoutsomeusefulandimportantpieceofworkwhichwillfetchitspriceinthemarket,oritwilladdtoourexperienceandincreaseourcapacitiessoastoenableustoearnmoneywhentheproperopportunitycomes.Therecanthusbenodoubtthattimeisconvertibleintomoney.Letthose,whothinknothingofwastingtime,rememberthis;letthemrememberthatanhourmisspentisequivalenttothelossofabank-note;andthatanhourutilizedistantamounttosomuchsilverorgold;andthentheywillprobablythinktwicebeforetheygivetheirconsenttothelossofanypartoftheirtime.

Moreover,ourlifeisnothingmorethanourtime.Tokilltimeisthereforeaformofsuicide.(2)Weareshockedwhenwethinkofdeath,andwesparenopains,notrouble,andnoexpensetopreservelife.Butwearetoooftenindifferenttothelossofanhouroraday,forgettingthatourlifeisthesumtotalofthedaysandofthehourswelive.Adayoranhourwastedisthereforesomuchlifeforfeited.Letusbearthisinmind,andwasteoftimewillappeartousinthelightofacrimeasculpableassuicideitself.

Thereisathirdconsiderationwhichalsotendstowarnusagainstlossoftime.Ourlifeisabriefspanmeasuringsomesixtyorseventyyearsinall,butnearlyonehalfofthishastobespentinsleep;someyearshavetobespentoverourmeals;someoverdressingandundressing;someinmakingjourneysonlandandvoyagesbysea;someinmerry-marking,eitheronourownaccountorforthesakeofothers;someincelebratingreligiousandsocialfestivities;someinwatchingoverthesick-bedsofournearestanddearestrelatives.(3)Nowifalltheseyearsweretobedeductedfromthetermoverwhichourlifeextendsweshallfindaboutfifteenortwentyyearsatourdisposalforactivework.Whoeverremembersthiscanneverwillinglywasteasinglemomentofhislife.“Itisastonishing"saysLordChesterfield,“thatanyonecansquanderawayinabsoluteidlenessonesinglemomentofthatportionoftimewhichisallottedtousinthisworld.Knowthetruevalueoftime;snatch,seize,andenjoyeverymomentofit!”

Alltimeisprecious;butthetimeofourchildhoodandofouryouthismorepreciousthananyotherportionofourexistence.Forthosearetheperiodswhenalonewecanacquireknowledgeanddevelopourfacultiesandcapacities.(4)Ifweallowthesemorninghoursoflifetoslipawayunutilized,weshallneverbeabletorecouptheloss.Aswegrowolder,ourpowerofacquisitiongetsblunted,sothattheartorsciencewhichisnotacquiredinchildhoodoryouthwillneverbeacquiredatall.Justasmoneylaidoutatinterestdoublesandtremblesitselfintime,sotheprecioushoursofchildhoodandyouth,ifproperlyused,willyieldusincalculableadvantages.“Everymomentyoulose,”saysLordChesterfield,“issomuchcharacterandadvantagelost;asontheotherhand,everymomentyounowemployusefullyissomuchtimewiselylaidoutatprodigiousinterest.”

Aproperemploymentoftimeisofgreatbenefittousfromamoralpointofview.IdlenessisjustlysaidtobetherustofthemindandanidlebrainissaidtobeSatan'sworkshop.Itismostlywhenyoudonotknowwhattodowithyourselfthatyoudosomethingillorwrong.Themindoftheidlerpreysuponitself.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.

【答案】（1）如果我们的时间使用得当，我们就能生产出有用的、重要的产品，而这些产品会在市场上赢得其价值。或者我们能利用这些时间充实经验，增长才干，而时机来临时又能转化为钱。

（2）我们想到死，便惊恐不已，因而不惜一切努力、麻烦和费用来保全我们的生命。可是，我们对于损失一个小时或者一天的时间却往往漠不关心，忘记了我们的生命原本就是我们生活的每一天、每一小时的总和。

（3）现在如果从我们的寿命中扣除所有这些岁月，我们将会发现，能受我们支配的有效的工作时间大约仅十五或二十年而已。谁能记住这一点，谁就不会心甘情愿地浪费他生命的每一刻时间。

（4）如果我们让这些生命的早晨时光悄悄溜走，未得到利用，这损失将永远也无法弥补。等我们长大了，获得知识的能力就变得迟钝了，因此在童年和青年时期未能获得的知识和技能将永远不能获得了。

15.单选题

Ingeneral,theeffectsofradiationcanbedividedintothosewhichaffecttheindividualsexposedandthosewhichaffecttheir（）.

问题1选项

A.succession

B.descendants

C.descent

D.successors

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项succession“继任，继承”；B选项descendant“后代，晚辈”；C选项descent“下降，血统，袭击”；D选项successor“继承人”。根据individual可知，空格处应填入某一或某类人物，故A、C选项不符合题意，排除。successor一般是说某个家庭的继承人，而descendant泛指人类的子孙后代，所以本题选B更加贴切。句意：总的来说，辐射的危害可以分为对辐射接收者本人的影响以及对其子孙后代的影响。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

16.单选题

Thepioneersoftheteachingofscienceimaginedthatitsintroductionintoeducationwouldmovetheconventionality,artificiality,andbackward-lookingnesswhichwerecharacteristicofclassicalstudies,buttheyweregravelydisappointed.So,too,intheirtimehadthehumanists)thoughtthatthestudyoftheclassicalauthorsintheoriginalwouldbanishatoncethedullpedantryandsuperstitionofmediaevalscholasticism.Theprofessionalschoolmasterwasamatchforbothofthem，andhasalmostmanagedtomaketheunderstandingofchemicalreactionsasdullandasdogmaticanaffairasthereadingofVirgil’sAeneid.

Thechiefclaimfortheuseofscienceineducationisthatitteachesachildsomethingabouttheactualuniverseinwhichheislivingin,makinghimacquaintedwiththeresultsofscientificdiscovery,andatthesametimeteacheshimhowtothinklogicallyandinductivelybystudyingscientificmethod.Acertainlimitedsuccesshasbeenreachedinthefirstoftheseaims,butpracticallynoneatallinthesecond.Thoseprivilegedmembersofthecommunitywhohavebeenthroughasecondaryorpublicschooleducationmaybeexpectedtoknowsomethingabouttheelementaryphysicsandchemistryofahundredyearsago,buttheyprobablyknowhardlymorethananybrightboycanpickupfromaninterestinwirelessorscientifichobbiesoutofschoolhours.

Astothelearningofscientificmethod,thewholethingispalpablyafarce.Actually,fortheconvenienceofteachersandtherequirementsoftheexaminationsystem,itisnecessarythatthepupilsnotonlydonotlearnscientificmethodbutlearnpreciselythereverse，thatis,tobelieveexactlywhattheyaretoldandtoreproduceitwhenasked,whetheritseemsnonsensetothemornot.Thewayinwhicheducatedpeoplerespondtosuchquackeriesasspiritualismorastrology,nottosaymoredangerousonessuchasracialtheoriesorcurrencymyths,showsthatfiftyyearsofeducationinthemethodofscienceinBritainorGermanyhasproducednovisibleeffectwhatever.Theonlywayoflearningthemethodofscienceisthelongandbitterwayofpersonalexperience,and,untiltheeducationalorsocialsystemsarealteredtomakethispossible,thebestwecanexpectistheproductionofaminorityofpeoplewhoareabletoacquiresomeofthetechniquesofscienceandastillsmallerminoritywhoareabletouseanddevelopthem.

1.Theauthorimpliesthattheprofessionalschoolmaster”(line6)has（）.

2.Theauthorblamesallofthefollowingforthefailuretoimpartscientificmethodthroughthe（）.

3.Iftheauthorweretostudycurrenteducationinsciencetoseehowthingshavechangedsincehewrotethepiece,hewouldprobablybemostinterestedintheanswertowhichofthefollowingquestions?

4.Allofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetextexcept（）.

问题1选项

A.nointerestinteachingscience

B.thwartedattemptstoenliveneducation

C.supportedthehumanists

D.beenapioneerinbothscienceandhumanities.

问题2选项

A.lackofinterestonthepartofstudents

B.poorteaching

C.examinationmethods

D.thesocialandeducationsystems

问题3选项

A.Dostudentsknowmoreabouttheworldaboutthem?

B.Dostudentsspendmoretimeinlaboratories?

C.Canstudentsapplytheirknowledgelogically?

D.Havetextbooksimproved?

问题4选项

A.atthetimeofwriting,notallchildrenreceivedasecondaryschooleducation

B.itisrelativelyeasytolearnscientificmethod

C.scienceteachinghasimpartedsomeknowledgeoffactstosomechildren

D.theauthorbelievesthatmanyteachersareauthoritarian

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“maketheunderstandingofchemicalreactionsasdullandasdogmaticanaffairasthereadingofVirgil’sAeneid.”这些专业的老师使化学反应的理解变得乏味，使阅读变得教条化，所以教育越来越没有活跃度。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，因为老师们图方便和考试制度，使学生们没有更好地学习科学方法，直到教育制度或者社会制度发生了变化才能使学生们对科学方法的学习成为可能。所以作者没有提及学生们的兴趣问题。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章内容，作者最关心的是学生们有没有接受到科学方法教育，最后一段可以看出，“theproductionofaminorityofpeoplewhoareabletoacquiresomeofthetechniquesofscienceandastillsmallerminoritywhoareabletouseanddevelopthem.”，一部分人能研究获得科学技术和方法，但是运用的人很少。由此可见，作者关心的学生能否用一些科学的方法获得知识。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“Theonlywayoflearningthemethodofscienceisthelongandbitterwayofpersonalexperience”，学习科学方法是漫长而痛苦的，并不是简单的，选项B符合题意。

17.填空题

TheUnitedStatesisanationofsuburbs.The1990census（人口普查）makesitofficial.Nearlyhalfthecountry’spopulationnowlivesinsuburbs,upfromaquarterin1950andathirdin1960.

ThethirdcenturyofAmericanhistoryisshapingupasthesuburbancentury.Until1920mostAmericanslivedinruralareas.By1960thecountrywasathirdurban,athirdrural,andathirdsuburban.Thatbalancedidn’tlastlong,however.By1990theurbanpopulationhadslippedto31percentandtheruralpopulationwasdowntolessthanaquarter.Wearenowasuburbannationwithanurbanfringeandaruralfringe.

ThefirstcenturyofAmericanlifewasdominatedbytheruralmyth:thesturdyandself-reliantJeffersonianfarmer.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,however,Americansweregettingoffthefarmsasfastastheycould,toescapethehardshipandbrutalityofrurallife.

Mostofthetwentiethcenturyhasbeendominatedbytheurbanmyth:themeltingpot;NewYork,NewYork;thecitiesasthenation’sgreatenginesofprosperityandculture.Allthewhile,however,Americanshavebeengettingoutofthecitiesassoonastheycanaffordtobuyahouseandacar.Theywanttoescapethecrowdinganddangersofurbanlife.Butthereismoretoitthanescape.AsKennethT.JacksonarguesinCrabgrassFrontier,ahistoryofsuburbanizationintheUnitedStates,thepullfactors(cheaphousingandtheidealofasuburban“dreamhouse”)havebeenasimportantasthepushfactorspopulationgrowthandracialprejudice).

The1990Censustellsthestoryoftheexplosivegrowthofsuburbs.Thatyearfourteenstateshadamajoritysuburbanpopulation,includingsixofthetenmostpopulousstates(California,Pennsylvania,Ohio,Michigan,Florida,andNewJersey).

Suburbangrowthisnotlikelytoendanytimesoon.Accordingtothepolls,43percentofBostonresidents,43percentofpeoplewholiveinLosAngeles,and60percentofthosewholiveinNewYorkCitysaytheywouldleavethecityiftheycould.WhentheGallupPollaskedAmericansin1989whatkindofplacetheywouldliketolivein,only19percentsaidacity.

Isthereasuburbanmyth?Surethereis.IthasbeenastapleofAmericanpopularculturesincethe1950s,fromtelevisionshowslikeTheAdventuresofOzzieandHarrietandLeaveIttoBeavertomovieslikeE.T.ThedebunkingofthesuburbanmythhasnowreachedAmericanpopularculture,wheretelevisioncomediesaboutlowermiddle-classfamilieslikeRoseanneandtheSimpsonsportraytheharshrealitiesofsuburbanlife-unemployment,troubledfamilies,and,aboveall,stress.

Write“A”forTrueor“F”forFalseinthebrackets:

_____61.ThegreaterpartoftheAmericanpopulationnowlivesinthesuburbs.

_____62.CheaphousingisoneofthereasonsforAmericanswantingtoliveinthesuburbs.

_____63.IntheU.S.ahouseinthesuburbsisasymbolofprosperityandculture.

_____64.In1989mostAmericansstillsaidtheypreferredlivinginurbanareas.

_____65.ThemainpartofAmericanpopularculturesincethe1950shasbeendominatedbythesuburbmyth.

【答案】F

T

F

F

F

【解析】1.定位到第一段Nearlyhalfthecountry’spopulationnowlivesinsuburbs,upfromaquarterin1950andathirdin1960.（美国现在有近一半的人口住在郊区，而1950年只有四分之一，1960年只有三分之一。）题干与原文不符，因此不对。

2.定位到第四段thepullfactors(cheaphousingandtheidealofasuburban“dreamhouse”)havebeenasimportantasthepushfactorspopulationgrowthandracialprejudice.（牵引力因素——廉价住房和郊区“梦想之家”的理想与人口增长和种族偏见一样重要），可以得知廉价的住房也是他们离开的原因之一，因此题干表达正确。

3.定位到第四段thecitiesasthenation’sgreatenginesofprosperityandculture.（城市是国家繁荣和文化的重要引擎。）而不是美国的房子是繁荣和文化的象征。因此题干和原文的表达是不符的，错误。

4.定位到倒数第二段WhentheGallupPollaskedAmericansin1989whatkindofplacetheywouldliketolivein,only19percentsaidacity.（1989年，盖洛普民意测验询问美国人他们想住在什么样的地方，只有19%的人回答是城市。）这一句和题干不相符，只有19%的人们表示喜欢居住在城市，并不是题干说的大部分，因此错误。

5.定位到第三段和第四段ThefirstcenturyofAmericanlifewasdominatedbytheruralmyth:thesturdyandself-reliantJeffersonianfarmer.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,however,Americansweregettingoffthefarmsasfastastheycould,toescapethehardshipandbrutalityofrurallife.Mostofthetwentiethcenturyhasbeendominatedbytheurbanmyth（美国人生活的第一个世纪被乡村神话所主宰：强壮而自立的杰斐逊式农民。然而，到了19世纪末，美国人开始尽可能快地离开农场，以逃避农村生活的艰难和残酷。20世纪的大部分时间里，都市神话一直占据着主导地位）原文并没有说是具体哪一年被谁主导，因此题干的表述也是不对的，错误。

18.翻译题

这些书都没有解释这一现象。

【答案】Noneofthesebooksexplainthephenomenon.

19.单选题

Itisunfortunatethatthemembersofthecommitteedonot（）inopinion.

问题1选项

A.coincide

B.conform

C.comply

D.collaborate

【答案】A

【解析】coincide一致,符合；conform符合,遵照；comply遵守,顺从；collaborate合作。句意：令人遗憾的是,委员会成员没有统一意见。意见一致用coincide。

20.填空题

Directions:Inthispart,youwillreadapassage.Thenusingwordsorphrasesfromthepassagefillintheboxesinthefollowingdiagramtoindicatethepossiblesequencesofeventsbeforeandafteranearthquake.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

1.Everyyearearthquakesareresponsibleforalargenumberofdeathsandavastamountofdestructioninvariouspartsoftheworld.MostofthesedamagingearthquakesoccureitherinanarrowbeltwhichsurroundsthePacificOceanorinalinewhichextendsfromBurmatotheAlpsinEurope.Someofthedestructionisdirectlycausedbythequakeitself.Anexampleofthisisthecollapseofbuildingsasaresultofvibration.Otherdamageresultsfromlandslides,tsunamis(largeoceanwaves)ormajorfireswhichareinitiatedbythequake.

2.Thereareaboutamillionquakesayear.Fortunately,however,notallofthemaredestructive.TheintensityofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterScale,whichgoesfrom0upward.Thehighestmagnituderecordedtodateis8.9.Majordamagegenerallyoccursfromquakesrangingupwardsfrom6.0.Exceptionstothisarethosewhoseepicentersarelocatedfarfrominhabitedareas.

3.Theactualcauseofthequakeitselfistherupturingorbreakingofrocksatorbelowtheearth’ssurface.Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.

4.Inordertominimizethedamageandtoalleviatesomeofthesufferingresultingfromearthquakes,scientistsareworkingonwaystoenableaccurateprediction.Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth;bymeansofcalculationsseismologistscanaccuratelyindicatetheexacttime,locationandsizeofanearthquake.Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.

【答案】66.pressure

67.seismographs

68.shakingoftheearth

69.tiltmeters

70.changesinthetiltoftheland

【解析】66.根据第三段最后一句Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.（这是由科学家认为可能是由许多原因造成的压力产生的，其中两个是地壳的膨胀和收缩以及大陆漂移。），由此可知expansionandcontractionoftheearth（地壳的膨胀和收缩）和continentaldrift（大陆漂移）是pressure(压力)。

67.根据第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于实现这一目标的仪器有地震仪和倾斜仪。）可知，空格应填入seismographs。

68.根据第四段第三句Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth（地震仪是用来记录地壳的任何震动）可知，空格应填入shakingoftheearth。

69.根据第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于实现这一目标的仪器有地震仪和倾斜仪。）可知，空格应填入tiltmeters。

70.根据第四段最后一句Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.（倾斜仪，顾名思义，是用来记录土地倾斜的任何变化。）可知，空格应填入changesinthetiltoftheland