考研考博-英语-六盘水幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-六盘水幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thepoliceadmitted______amistakeinarrestinganinnocentman

问题1选项

A.tomake

B.tohavemade

C.tohavingmade

D.tomaking

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。admittodoingsth.表示“承认作某事”，为固定搭配。“犯错”这个动词发生在“承错误”这个动作之前，根据admitted（admit的过去式）可知空格处应为过去完成时，因此选C。句意：警方承认在逮捕一名无辜男子时犯了错误。

2.单选题

Inmostcountries,themetricsystemhasbeen（）forallmeasurement.

问题1选项

A.admitted

B.adapted

C.applied

D.adopted

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在大多数国家，所有的计量都采用公制。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Hetreatedatwenty-one-year-oldgirlwithastubborncaseofheadache.

问题1选项

A.panic

B.persistent

C.severe

D.stern

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。stubborn表示“顽固的，顽强的”；A项panic“恐慌的”，B项persistent“执着的，坚持不懈的”，C项severe“严峻的，严厉的”，D项stern“严厉的，坚定的”。句意：他治疗了一个患有顽固性头痛的21岁女孩。根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。

4.单选题

Nothinghaseverequaledthe____andspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworld.

问题1选项

A.concern

B.magnitude

C.volume

D.carelessness

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.concern忧虑；关心B.magnitude（规模、重要性等）大的程度

C.volume（某物的）数量D.carelessness粗心大意

【考查点】语义衔接与名词辨析

【解题思路】空格处所填词与speed“速度”并列，并且the____andspeed后接了一个由withwhich引导的定语从句，其句意为“人类改变物理和化学世界”，由此可以推断，B选项magnitude“（某事物）大或重要的程度”符合题意，themagnitudeandspeed指“人类改变物理和化学世界的程度和速度”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项concern“忧虑；关心”，不符合原文语义衔接；

C选项volume“（某物的）数量”，侧重于指某事物的量，如业务量、工作量；

D选项carelessness“粗心大意”，不符合原文语义衔接。

【句意】没有什么能比得上人类改变物理和化学世界的程度和速度。

5.单选题

Weacceptanybodyregardless______nationality.

问题1选项

A.to

B.for

C.of

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。B选项regardlessfor“尊重；考虑到”；C选项regardlessof“不管，无论”；A选项regardlessto和D选项regardlessin非固定搭配。句意：我们接受任何人，______国籍。根据语境，这里指接受每个国家的人，C选项regardlessof“不管，无论”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Blackholesaren’texactlypoliteeaters.

Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.Scientistshavepreviouslyseenablackholeconsumeastar,andthey’vealsoseenblackholesspewsuperheatedmatter,butthisisthefirsttimethey’veseenbotheventsoccursocloselytogether.Viewingthisparticulardisappearingactatthecenterofanearbygalaxyhasshedlightonapreviouslytheoreticalphenomenonandbroughtresearchersclosertounderstandingthephysicsofblackholes.

EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.UsingacombinationofX-ray,radioandopticalsignals,theteamtrackedthestar’sdemiseacrossmultiplewavelengths,whichallowedthemtopiecetogetheramorecompletepictureofwhathappenswhenablackholesnacksonastar.

JetsofX-rayandgammarayradiationemanatingfromblackholeshavebeendocumentedbefore,butneverasadirectresultofastarbeingconsumed.Blackholesperiodicallyemitparticlesfromaccretiondisks,orringsofparticlescaughtintheirgravitationalpull.Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.So,whenresearchersnoticedanabruptspikeinactivityaroundtheblackholebackin2014,theyknewtheywereabouttowatchsomethingspecial.Thesizeandintensityoftheflareruledoutthepossibilitythatitwascausedbytheblackhole’saccretiondisk,leavingfewotherpossibilities.

“Previouseffortstofindevidenceforthesejets,includingmyown,werelatetothegame,”vanVelzensaidinanewsrelease.

Becausetheycaughttheblackholeintheactthistime,researcherswereabletoconfirmthetheorythatblackholesemitflaresofradiationintheprocessofconsuminglargequantitiesofmatter.Whilethisphenomenonisstilllargelyamystery,itisthoughtthatthejetsarecausedbymagneticfieldsinteractingwiththeparticlesswirlingaroundablackhole.TheteampublishedtheirfindingsinthejournalScience.

“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”

13.Itisthefirsttimethatscientistshavewitnessed（）.

14.SinceDecember2014,professorvanVelzenandhisteamhaveobservedandtracked（）.

15.Beforethisobservation,scientistsdidn’tknow（）.

16.AccordingtoprofessorvanVelzen,theoryabouttheeventsis（）.

问题1选项

A.ablackholeconsumeslargequantitiesofmatter

B.ablackholespewsuperheatedmatters

C.ablackholeconsumingastarandemittingradiation

D.ablackholeinteractswithanotherone

问题2选项

A.ablackholedevouringastarbiggerthanthesun

B.ablackhole300millionyearsfromEarth

C.thedevelopmentoftheblackholeforyears

D.theprocessofthestarbeingdevoured

问题3选项

A.blackholescanemitgammarayradiation

B.blackholescanemitX-rayradiation

C.blackholesemitsradiationswhenconsumingstars

D.blackholeshaveabruptspikeinactivityarounditself

问题4选项

A.complicated

B.innovate

C.mature

D.embryonic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】13.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“firsttime”可以定位到文章第二段第一句Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.（科学家首次观测到一个黑洞吞噬了一颗恒星，并在吞噬恒星时撕裂了等离子体的“饱嗝”——这是一个极其罕见的发现。），这里的“饱嗝”指的是黑洞吞噬了恒星后发出了辐射。因此C选项“黑洞吞噬了一颗恒星并发出辐射”正确。A选项“黑洞会消耗大量的物质”，B选项“黑洞喷出热物质”，D选项“一个黑洞与另一个黑洞相互影响”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

14.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“professorvanVelzen”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.（自从俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员在2014年12月注意到一颗与太阳差不多大小的恒星被拉入黑洞后，约翰霍普金斯大学的SjoertvanVelzen教授领导的科学家团队就把目光锁定在了这个距离地球约3亿光年的饥饿黑洞上。在几个月的时间里，vanVelzen的团队看着黑洞从这颗注定要毁灭的恒星中吸取物质，直到它被完全吞噬。），说明自从2014年12月以来，vanVelzen教授及其团队观察并跟踪了黑洞吞噬恒星的过程。因此D选项“恒星被吞噬的过程”正确。A选项“一个黑洞吞噬了一颗比太阳还大的恒星”，由原文可知，这颗恒星与太阳差不多大，所以A错误。B选项“距离地球3亿年的黑洞”，由原文可知这个黑洞距离地球约3亿光年，所以B错误。C选项“观察了好几年黑洞的发展”，由原文可知，他们观察的时间是几个月，所以C错误。

15.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第三、四句Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.（有人曾假设，如果一个巨大的物体，比如一颗恒星，被拖进黑洞，也会发生类似的辐射。然而，科学家们从未能够观察到这样的事件。），说明在这次观测之前，科学家们并不知道黑洞在吞噬恒星时也会产生辐射。因此C选项“黑洞吞噬恒星时会发出辐射”正确。A选项“黑洞可以发出伽马射线辐射”，B选项“黑洞能发出X射线辐射”，D选项“黑洞在自身周围有突然的活动峰值”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

16.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”（“一颗恒星被黑洞毁灭的过程是非常复杂的，而且远未被理解，”vanVelzen说。“从我们的观察中，我们了解到，恒星碎片流可以组织起来，并相当迅速地形成喷射流，这对构建这些事件的完整理论非常有价值。”），说明vanVelzen教授认为关于这些事件的理论还处于初级阶段。因此D选项“萌芽阶段”正确。A选项“复杂”，B选项“创新”，C选项“成熟”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。

7.单选题

We’veallheardaboutendangeredanimals.Creatureslikethecriticallyendangeredblackrhinocerosarefamous.Butwhatarethemostendangeredplants?Theymightnotbeasexcitingorloveableasanimals,buttheyarejustasimportanttotheecosystem一andhumanityreliesonthatecosystem.

Herearethreeofthemostthreatenedplantstoday.（1）Theseplantsoccupysomeofthemostinaccessible,remotepartsofourplanet.Theyarethreatenedbyhabitatdestruction,illegalcollection,poaching,andcompetitionwithinvadingspecies.

Attenborough’spitcherplantisknownonlyfromtherelativelyinaccessiblesummitofMountVictoriainPalawaninthePhilippines.Therearethoughttobeonlyafewhundredofthem.

（2）

Attenborough’spitcherplantisoneofthebiggest,withpitchersupto30cminheightthatcantrapinsectsandrats.Itwasonlydiscoveredin2007whenateamofbotanists,tippedoffbytwoChristianmissionaries,scaledMountVictoria.

（3）

Thesuicidepalmisagiganticpalmfoundonlyinremotepartsofnorth-westMadagascar.Itlivesforabout50years,thenflowersonlyonce,anddiessoonafter.Suicidepalmswerediscoveredin2005byacashewplantationmanagerduringafamilyouting,andformallydescribedin2008.Withtrunksreaching18minheight,andhugefan-leavesupto5macross,thepalmscanbeseenonGoogleEarth.

（4）

Thecoraltree,withitsbrightredflowersandspinytrunk,occursonlyintheremoteforestsofsouth-eastTanzania.

（5）

However,theforestpatchwasclearedtogrowbiofuels,andthespecieswasfearedtohavegoneextinctagainuntilitwasre-rediscoveredto2011.Therearenowfewerthan50matureindividualsinthewild,inasingleunprotectedlocation.

问题1选项

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

问题2选项

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

问题3选项

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

问题4选项

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

问题5选项

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:F

第4题:E

第5题:C

【解析】1.联系上下文。前文中提及如今有三种极度濒危的植物，由此可判断，下面的内容将进一步说明这三种濒危植物，选项B提及它们被国际自然保护联盟认定为极度濒危的等级。句中they与上文的threeplants对应，criticallyendangered与上文的mostthreatened呼应。

2.联系上下文。空格句的前后文中都提及了Attenborough’spitcherplant,由此可知，空格句子也是有关该植物的，选项中只有A提及pitcherplant,与之呼应。

3.联系上下文。空格所在句的主要内容为Attenborough’spitcherplant，选项F提到了Attenborough,指出猪笼草(pitcherplant)是以一个英国自然历史播音员的名字命名的，与前句中提到的discovered...whenateamofbotanists呼应。

4.联系上下文。原文第四段介绍濒临灭绝的植物——自杀棕榈，对其各项基本信息进行了详细说明，空格处句子也应该是有关这种濒危植物的介绍，选项E最符合

5.联系上下文。空格句的下文中提及theforestpatch,空格句子应与之对应，选项C中提及patchofforest。

8.单选题

Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwell-regardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyform,thatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle:WhyWeShould,Like,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（

）.

2.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes

（

）.

3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（

）.

问题1选项

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

问题2选项

A.modesty

B.personality

C.liveliness

D.informality

问题3选项

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

问题4选项

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

问题5选项

A.‘"temporary’’isto“permanent”

B.“radical”isto“conservative”

C.“functional”isto“artistic”

D.“humble”isto“noble”

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.（Mr.McWhorter的学术专长是语言的历史和变化，例如，他认为“谁”这一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比失去古英语中的词格尾缀的消失更令人遗憾）可知Mr.McWhorter认为正式英语的衰变是一种自然的现象，因此选B。

2.词义题。根据题干关键词talking定位到文章第三段中的InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.（在英语口语和书面语中，交谈战胜了演讲，自然表达胜过了精雕细琢），分析句子可知talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft是对应关系，talking对应的spontaneity，specking对应craft，可推测演讲是需要精心准备的，而谈话则是自然随意的，因此D选项“非正式的”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas（他承认，人类语言的所有种类，包括非标准语言，包括黑人英语这样非标准语言，都具有很强的表达力。世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的思想）可知A选项“逻辑思维不一定与我们说话的方式有关”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.（Mr.McWhorter承认，正式的语言并不是绝对必要的，他并没有提出任何激进的教育改革——他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可知Mr.McWhorter认同俄罗斯记住诗歌的做法，认为是somethingbeautiful，对其做法是赞同的，因此B选项“赞赏他们的努力”。

5.推理判断题。由heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful（他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可推测paperplates（纸盘）指的是实用性，而china（瓷盘）指美，具有艺术性，因此选C。

9.单选题

Sinceyouareastudent,youmust（）bytheschooldiscipline.

问题1选项

A.conform

B.stand

C.abide

D.sustain

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。conform“符合，遵守”，一般和介词to或with搭配；stand“站立”，后接介词by意为“袖手旁观”；abide“容忍，遵守”，后接介词by意为“遵守，信守，承担……的后果”；sustain“维持，支撑”，是及物动词。句中所表达的意思是学生要遵守学校的纪律，所以选项C正确。

10.翻译题

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（40）土壤和土地资源支撑着全球可持续发展，它们还是我们与穷困、食品不安全和气候变化作斗争的关键元素。与其他自然资源复杂地交织在一起，土壤是水、能源和食品安全链条中（nexus）不可分割的组成部分。由于风沙和水的侵蚀，世界每年失去约240亿吨肥沃的土壤。

（41）土壤和土地的恶化（degradation）不仅是一个物理或生物化学问题，而且常常与社会经济各方面相联系。贫穷和被边缘化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地恶化的影响，因为通常是他们拥有这些恶化的土地。

（42）为了使贫困的小规模农业耕种社区达到食品安全要求，并且根除（eradicate）极端贫困，我们需要处理与土地恶化相关的一系列复杂问题。土壤和土地恶化既是技术问题，也是管理（governance）问题。

【答案】40.Soilsandlandresourcesunderpinglobalsustainabledevelopment,andtheyarekeyelementsinourfightagainstpoverty,foodinsecurityandclimatechange.Intertwinedwithothernaturalresourcescomplicatedly,soilisanintegralpartofthewater,energy,andfoodsecuritynexus.Duetotheerosionofwindanddustaswellaswater,theworldlosesabout24billiontonsoffertilesoileveryyear.

41.Soilandlanddegradationnotonlyinvolvesphysicalorbiochemicalproblems,butalsooftenrelatedtosocialandeconomicaspects.Poorandmarginalizedpopulationsareusuallythemostvulnerabletosoilandlanddegradation,astheyareusuallytheoneswhoownthedeterioratedland.

42.Inorderforpoorsmall-scalefarmingcommunitiestomeetfoodsafetyrequirementsandtoeradicateextremepoverty,weneedtoaddressasetofcomplexissuesassociatedwithlanddegradation.Soilandlanddegradationisasmuchamatterofgovernanceasoftechnology.

11.单选题

Hewould,wheninoffice,（）thatallsecretdatabemadepublic.

问题1选项

A.secure

B.ensure

C.assure

D.certify

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。secure“保护;弄到”；ensure“确保;保证”；assure“使（某人）确信（某事）；使信服，使相信”；certify“证明”。只有B项符合题意。句意：当他执政时，他会确保所有机密数据都要公布于众。

12.单选题

Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencyshouldbeachievedifseveralpeoplecollaboratetosolveaproblemthanifonlyoneindividualworksonit.Theassumptionisbynomeansinvariablytrue.

Althoughgroupsoftenmayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereisacounter-balancingneedtocontendwithconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroupandtogiveitcoherentdirections.Problem-solvingisfacilitatedbythepresenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirectionbutpermitstheorderly,constructiveexpressionofavarietyofopinions;muchoftheleader’seffortmaybedevotedtoresolvingdifferences.Successinproblem-solvingalsodependsonthedistributionofabilitywithinagroup.Solutionssimplymayreflectthepresenceofanoutstandingindividualwhomightperformevenbetterbyhimself.

Althoughgroupsmayreachagreaternumberofcorrectsolutions,ormayrequirelesstimetodiscoverananswer,theirnetman-hourefficiencyistypicallylowerthanthatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.

Aprocesscalledbrainstorminghasbeenofferedasamethodoffacilitatingtheproductionofnewsolutionstoproblems.Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof,regardlessofqualityandwithasfewinhibitionsaspossible.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincreasetheprobabilitythatatleastsomesuperiorsolutionswillemerge.Nevertheless,studiesshowthatwhenindividualsworkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendstoproceedmoreefficientlythanitdoesingroups.

Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythandoesareasonablycompetentindividual.Groupmembersmaycontributedifferent(andessential)resourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanreadilyachievealone;suchpoolingofinformationandskillscanmakegroupachievementssuperiorindealingwithselectedproblems.Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasinglealternative,asinformulatingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderdemocraticgovernments.Whenonlyoneamongseveralalternativesolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigherprobabilityofidentifyingtherightonethandoesanindividualalone.

1.Inthispassage,theauthorarguesthatthinkingingroups（）

2.Thephrase‘contendwith’inParagraphTwomostprobablymeans（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,comparedwithanindividual,agroup（）

4.Theword‘brainstorming’inParagraphFourroughlymeans（）

5.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatagroupwillbemoreefficientin（）

问题1选项

A.isthebestwaytosolveanyproblems

B.isbynomeansusefulinproblem-solving

C.mayresultineffectiveproblem-solvingundercertaincircumstances

D.willinevitablyproducegreaterefficiencyinproblem-solvingthanindividualthinking

问题2选项

A.handle

B.arguewith

C.satisfy

D.competewith

问题3选项

A.mayneedmoretimetodiscoverananswer

B.needsaneffectiveleadertoprovidedirection

C.oftenfailstoresolveconflictsamongitsmembers

D.willalwaysproducebettersuggestions

问题4选项

A.offeringamethodoffacilitatingtheproductionofnewsolutionstoproblems

B.unrestrainedofferingofideasandsuggestionsbyagroupofpeopletoseeksolutionstoproblems

C.increasingtheefficiencyinproblem-solvingbyworkingwitheachother

D.forcingpeopletoworktogethertosolveaproblem

问题5选项

A.solvingproblemsthatneedintensivestudy

B.analyzinginformationanddata

C.dealingwithnationalproblems

D.selectingthebestsolutiontoaproblem

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据最后一段的第一句“Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythandoesareasonablycompetentindividual.”在特殊情况下，一个团队可能比一个有能力的人更有效地解决问题。选项C符合原文。

2.词义题。根据原文可知，这里指需要处理好成员之间的冲突，选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Problem-solvingisfacilitatedbythepresenceofaneffectiveleader…”一个有效的领导者的存在有助于解决问题。选项B符合原文。

4.语义题。根据第四段的第二句“Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof,regardlessofqualityandwithasfewinhibitionsaspossible.”头脑风暴指提供一个问题给一群人，然后他们会谈论所能想到的任何东西，而不管质量如何，并且尽可能不受限制。也就是说一群人无拘无束地提出想法和建议，寻求问题的解决方案；选项B正确。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知：在处理国家问题上，集体比个人更有效率。

13.单选题

Thepatternsofspokenlanguageare（）fromthoseofwriting.

问题1选项

A.distinct

B.distinctive

C.distinguished

D.distinguishing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项distinct“独特的，有区别的”，bedistinctfrom=bedifferentfrom，表示“与……不同”；B选项distinctive“有特色的，与众不同的”；C选项distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；D选项distinguishing“有区别的”，英语中没有bedistinguishingfrom这样搭配。句意：口语的模式不同于书面语的模式。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

14.单选题

Rockmusicusually______theyoungpeopleinmostcountries.

问题1选项

A.appliesto

B.appealsto

C.amazes

D.actress

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项appliesto“适用于；向……提出申请”；B选项appealsto“呼吁；要求；对……有吸引力”；C选项amazes“使吃惊”；D选项actress“女演员”。句意：摇滚乐通常______大多数国家的年轻人。根据语境，这里B选项appealsto“对……有吸引力”搭配youngpeople比较合理，意思指年轻人喜欢摇滚乐。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Improvementsinqualitycontroltechniqueshaveresultedinmorehigh-qualityproductswithveryfew______.

问题1选项

A.failures

B.defects

C.routes

D.spots

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。failures“失败”；defects“缺点”；routes“路线”；spots“斑点”。句意：质量控制技术的改进使产品质量更高，缺陷更少。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Comewhat（

）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.

问题1选项

A.must

B.should

C.can

D.may

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。comewhatmay意为“无论如何，不管怎样，无论发生什么事”。

句意：无论如何，我们不会对他的不合理要求作出任何让步。

17.填空题

Anyparentwithachild(1)______theagesof3and11cantellyou(2)______technologyhascreptintonearly(3)______aspectsofplaytimeandnearlyeverytypeoftoy.TheHyperDash,introducedrecentlyfromWildPlanet,isa(4)______inpoint."It'stheperfectblendoftechnology,learningandexercise,"saysaneducationalpsychologist.WildPlanethas(5)______unveiledayoungerversionofHyperDash,forkids3to5,(6)______AnimalScramble,whichisdue(7)______storesinSeptember.In(8)______,thefirmwillsoonreleaseHyperJump."Playandtechnologyare(9)______,"saysClaireGreenofthenonprofitParents'ChoiceFoundation."There's(10)____puttingthegeniebackinthebottle."

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER

【答案】1.between

2.that

3.all

4.case

5.already

6.called

7.in

8.addition

9.merging

10.no

【解析】1.考查介词。空格前是“child”，后面是年龄区间，因此表示“年龄在3到11岁之间的孩子”，应填入between。

2.考查关系词用法。空格前有动词tell，后面应为“告诉你”的具体内容，而后面句子中不缺少其他成分，因此填入that即可。

3.考查上下文语义。科技几乎涉及娱乐时间的……方面。应填入all。

4.考查固定搭配。上文说到，科技几乎涉及所有类型的玩具，因此这里应是举出实例，acaseinpoint“恰当的例子”。应填入case。

5.考查副词用法。此处为现在完成时，不缺主要成分，因此空格处是修饰词。联系上下文，本句是说WildPlanet已经公布了一种为年龄更小的孩子所设计的版本。

6.考查上下文语义。空格后是一个专有名词，空格前是这个名词的解释，因此填入called。

7.考查介词用法。在商场销售应使用介词in搭配。

8.考查上下文语义。上文说到公司的一些举措，空格后又提到了公司将发布HyperJump，说明是又一项举措，inaddition“另外”符合题意，

9.考查上下文语义。综合全文，本文说的是游戏和科技的密切关联，它们正融合在一起。因此填入merging。

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