版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-六盘水幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题
Thepoliceadmitted______amistakeinarrestinganinnocentman
问题1选项
A.tomake
B.tohavemade
C.tohavingmade
D.tomaking
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。admittodoingsth.表示“承认作某事”,为固定搭配。“犯错”这个动词发生在“承错误”这个动作之前,根据admitted(admit的过去式)可知空格处应为过去完成时,因此选C。句意:警方承认在逮捕一名无辜男子时犯了错误。
2.单选题
Inmostcountries,themetricsystemhasbeen()forallmeasurement.
问题1选项
A.admitted
B.adapted
C.applied
D.adopted
【答案】D
【解析】动词词义辨析。句意:在大多数国家,所有的计量都采用公制。选项D符合句意。
3.单选题
Hetreatedatwenty-one-year-oldgirlwithastubborncaseofheadache.
问题1选项
A.panic
B.persistent
C.severe
D.stern
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。stubborn表示“顽固的,顽强的”;A项panic“恐慌的”,B项persistent“执着的,坚持不懈的”,C项severe“严峻的,严厉的”,D项stern“严厉的,坚定的”。句意:他治疗了一个患有顽固性头痛的21岁女孩。根据句意可知,该题选择B项正确。
4.单选题
Nothinghaseverequaledthe____andspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworld.
问题1选项
A.concern
B.magnitude
C.volume
D.carelessness
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A.concern忧虑;关心B.magnitude(规模、重要性等)大的程度
C.volume(某物的)数量D.carelessness粗心大意
【考查点】语义衔接与名词辨析
【解题思路】空格处所填词与speed“速度”并列,并且the____andspeed后接了一个由withwhich引导的定语从句,其句意为“人类改变物理和化学世界”,由此可以推断,B选项magnitude“(某事物)大或重要的程度”符合题意,themagnitudeandspeed指“人类改变物理和化学世界的程度和速度”。
【干扰项排除】
A选项concern“忧虑;关心”,不符合原文语义衔接;
C选项volume“(某物的)数量”,侧重于指某事物的量,如业务量、工作量;
D选项carelessness“粗心大意”,不符合原文语义衔接。
【句意】没有什么能比得上人类改变物理和化学世界的程度和速度。
5.单选题
Weacceptanybodyregardless______nationality.
问题1选项
A.to
B.for
C.of
D.in
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。B选项regardlessfor“尊重;考虑到”;C选项regardlessof“不管,无论”;A选项regardlessto和D选项regardlessin非固定搭配。句意:我们接受任何人,______国籍。根据语境,这里指接受每个国家的人,C选项regardlessof“不管,无论”符合题意。因此C选项正确。
6.单选题
Blackholesaren’texactlypoliteeaters.
Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.Scientistshavepreviouslyseenablackholeconsumeastar,andthey’vealsoseenblackholesspewsuperheatedmatter,butthisisthefirsttimethey’veseenbotheventsoccursocloselytogether.Viewingthisparticulardisappearingactatthecenterofanearbygalaxyhasshedlightonapreviouslytheoreticalphenomenonandbroughtresearchersclosertounderstandingthephysicsofblackholes.
EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.UsingacombinationofX-ray,radioandopticalsignals,theteamtrackedthestar’sdemiseacrossmultiplewavelengths,whichallowedthemtopiecetogetheramorecompletepictureofwhathappenswhenablackholesnacksonastar.
JetsofX-rayandgammarayradiationemanatingfromblackholeshavebeendocumentedbefore,butneverasadirectresultofastarbeingconsumed.Blackholesperiodicallyemitparticlesfromaccretiondisks,orringsofparticlescaughtintheirgravitationalpull.Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.So,whenresearchersnoticedanabruptspikeinactivityaroundtheblackholebackin2014,theyknewtheywereabouttowatchsomethingspecial.Thesizeandintensityoftheflareruledoutthepossibilitythatitwascausedbytheblackhole’saccretiondisk,leavingfewotherpossibilities.
“Previouseffortstofindevidenceforthesejets,includingmyown,werelatetothegame,”vanVelzensaidinanewsrelease.
Becausetheycaughttheblackholeintheactthistime,researcherswereabletoconfirmthetheorythatblackholesemitflaresofradiationintheprocessofconsuminglargequantitiesofmatter.Whilethisphenomenonisstilllargelyamystery,itisthoughtthatthejetsarecausedbymagneticfieldsinteractingwiththeparticlesswirlingaroundablackhole.TheteampublishedtheirfindingsinthejournalScience.
“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”
13.Itisthefirsttimethatscientistshavewitnessed().
14.SinceDecember2014,professorvanVelzenandhisteamhaveobservedandtracked().
15.Beforethisobservation,scientistsdidn’tknow().
16.AccordingtoprofessorvanVelzen,theoryabouttheeventsis().
问题1选项
A.ablackholeconsumeslargequantitiesofmatter
B.ablackholespewsuperheatedmatters
C.ablackholeconsumingastarandemittingradiation
D.ablackholeinteractswithanotherone
问题2选项
A.ablackholedevouringastarbiggerthanthesun
B.ablackhole300millionyearsfromEarth
C.thedevelopmentoftheblackholeforyears
D.theprocessofthestarbeingdevoured
问题3选项
A.blackholescanemitgammarayradiation
B.blackholescanemitX-rayradiation
C.blackholesemitsradiationswhenconsumingstars
D.blackholeshaveabruptspikeinactivityarounditself
问题4选项
A.complicated
B.innovate
C.mature
D.embryonic
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:D
【解析】13.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“firsttime”可以定位到文章第二段第一句Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.(科学家首次观测到一个黑洞吞噬了一颗恒星,并在吞噬恒星时撕裂了等离子体的“饱嗝”——这是一个极其罕见的发现。),这里的“饱嗝”指的是黑洞吞噬了恒星后发出了辐射。因此C选项“黑洞吞噬了一颗恒星并发出辐射”正确。A选项“黑洞会消耗大量的物质”,B选项“黑洞喷出热物质”,D选项“一个黑洞与另一个黑洞相互影响”均不符合题意,所以A,B,D错误。
14.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“professorvanVelzen”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.(自从俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员在2014年12月注意到一颗与太阳差不多大小的恒星被拉入黑洞后,约翰霍普金斯大学的SjoertvanVelzen教授领导的科学家团队就把目光锁定在了这个距离地球约3亿光年的饥饿黑洞上。在几个月的时间里,vanVelzen的团队看着黑洞从这颗注定要毁灭的恒星中吸取物质,直到它被完全吞噬。),说明自从2014年12月以来,vanVelzen教授及其团队观察并跟踪了黑洞吞噬恒星的过程。因此D选项“恒星被吞噬的过程”正确。A选项“一个黑洞吞噬了一颗比太阳还大的恒星”,由原文可知,这颗恒星与太阳差不多大,所以A错误。B选项“距离地球3亿年的黑洞”,由原文可知这个黑洞距离地球约3亿光年,所以B错误。C选项“观察了好几年黑洞的发展”,由原文可知,他们观察的时间是几个月,所以C错误。
15.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第三、四句Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.(有人曾假设,如果一个巨大的物体,比如一颗恒星,被拖进黑洞,也会发生类似的辐射。然而,科学家们从未能够观察到这样的事件。),说明在这次观测之前,科学家们并不知道黑洞在吞噬恒星时也会产生辐射。因此C选项“黑洞吞噬恒星时会发出辐射”正确。A选项“黑洞可以发出伽马射线辐射”,B选项“黑洞能发出X射线辐射”,D选项“黑洞在自身周围有突然的活动峰值”均不符合题意,所以A,B,D错误。
16.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”(“一颗恒星被黑洞毁灭的过程是非常复杂的,而且远未被理解,”vanVelzen说。“从我们的观察中,我们了解到,恒星碎片流可以组织起来,并相当迅速地形成喷射流,这对构建这些事件的完整理论非常有价值。”),说明vanVelzen教授认为关于这些事件的理论还处于初级阶段。因此D选项“萌芽阶段”正确。A选项“复杂”,B选项“创新”,C选项“成熟”均不符合题意,所以A,B,C错误。
7.单选题
We’veallheardaboutendangeredanimals.Creatureslikethecriticallyendangeredblackrhinocerosarefamous.Butwhatarethemostendangeredplants?Theymightnotbeasexcitingorloveableasanimals,buttheyarejustasimportanttotheecosystem一andhumanityreliesonthatecosystem.
Herearethreeofthemostthreatenedplantstoday.(1)Theseplantsoccupysomeofthemostinaccessible,remotepartsofourplanet.Theyarethreatenedbyhabitatdestruction,illegalcollection,poaching,andcompetitionwithinvadingspecies.
Attenborough’spitcherplantisknownonlyfromtherelativelyinaccessiblesummitofMountVictoriainPalawaninthePhilippines.Therearethoughttobeonlyafewhundredofthem.
(2)
Attenborough’spitcherplantisoneofthebiggest,withpitchersupto30cminheightthatcantrapinsectsandrats.Itwasonlydiscoveredin2007whenateamofbotanists,tippedoffbytwoChristianmissionaries,scaledMountVictoria.
(3)
Thesuicidepalmisagiganticpalmfoundonlyinremotepartsofnorth-westMadagascar.Itlivesforabout50years,thenflowersonlyonce,anddiessoonafter.Suicidepalmswerediscoveredin2005byacashewplantationmanagerduringafamilyouting,andformallydescribedin2008.Withtrunksreaching18minheight,andhugefan-leavesupto5macross,thepalmscanbeseenonGoogleEarth.
(4)
Thecoraltree,withitsbrightredflowersandspinytrunk,occursonlyintheremoteforestsofsouth-eastTanzania.
(5)
However,theforestpatchwasclearedtogrowbiofuels,andthespecieswasfearedtohavegoneextinctagainuntilitwasre-rediscoveredto2011.Therearenowfewerthan50matureindividualsinthewild,inasingleunprotectedlocation.
问题1选项
A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.
B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).
C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998,butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.
D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.
E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.
F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.
问题2选项
A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.
B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).
C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998,butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.
D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.
E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.
F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.
问题3选项
A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.
B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).
C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998,butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.
D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.
E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.
F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.
问题4选项
A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.
B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).
C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998,butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.
D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.
E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.
F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.
问题5选项
A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.
B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).
C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998,butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.
D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.
E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.
F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:F
第4题:E
第5题:C
【解析】1.联系上下文。前文中提及如今有三种极度濒危的植物,由此可判断,下面的内容将进一步说明这三种濒危植物,选项B提及它们被国际自然保护联盟认定为极度濒危的等级。句中they与上文的threeplants对应,criticallyendangered与上文的mostthreatened呼应。
2.联系上下文。空格句的前后文中都提及了Attenborough’spitcherplant,由此可知,空格句子也是有关该植物的,选项中只有A提及pitcherplant,与之呼应。
3.联系上下文。空格所在句的主要内容为Attenborough’spitcherplant,选项F提到了Attenborough,指出猪笼草(pitcherplant)是以一个英国自然历史播音员的名字命名的,与前句中提到的discovered...whenateamofbotanists呼应。
4.联系上下文。原文第四段介绍濒临灭绝的植物——自杀棕榈,对其各项基本信息进行了详细说明,空格处句子也应该是有关这种濒危植物的介绍,选项E最符合
5.联系上下文。空格句的下文中提及theforestpatch,空格句子应与之对应,选项C中提及patchofforest。
8.单选题
Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.
Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.
Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwell-regardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyform,thatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.
Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle:WhyWeShould,Like,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.
Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.
1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish(
).
2.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes
(
).
3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?
4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s
(
).
5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as(
).
问题1选项
A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms
B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment
C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture
D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s
问题2选项
A.modesty
B.personality
C.liveliness
D.informality
问题3选项
A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.
B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.
C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.
D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.
问题4选项
A.interestintheirlanguage
B.appreciationoftheirefforts
C.admirationfortheirmemory
D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness
问题5选项
A.‘"temporary’’isto“permanent”
B.“radical”isto“conservative”
C.“functional”isto“artistic”
D.“humble”isto“noble”
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.(Mr.McWhorter的学术专长是语言的历史和变化,例如,他认为“谁”这一词的逐渐消失是自然的,并不比失去古英语中的词格尾缀的消失更令人遗憾)可知Mr.McWhorter认为正式英语的衰变是一种自然的现象,因此选B。
2.词义题。根据题干关键词talking定位到文章第三段中的InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.(在英语口语和书面语中,交谈战胜了演讲,自然表达胜过了精雕细琢),分析句子可知talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft是对应关系,talking对应的spontaneity,specking对应craft,可推测演讲是需要精心准备的,而谈话则是自然随意的,因此D选项“非正式的”符合题意。
3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas(他承认,人类语言的所有种类,包括非标准语言,包括黑人英语这样非标准语言,都具有很强的表达力。世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的思想)可知A选项“逻辑思维不一定与我们说话的方式有关”符合题意。
4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.(Mr.McWhorter承认,正式的语言并不是绝对必要的,他并没有提出任何激进的教育改革——他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾)可知Mr.McWhorter认同俄罗斯记住诗歌的做法,认为是somethingbeautiful,对其做法是赞同的,因此B选项“赞赏他们的努力”。
5.推理判断题。由heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful(他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾)可推测paperplates(纸盘)指的是实用性,而china(瓷盘)指美,具有艺术性,因此选C。
9.单选题
Sinceyouareastudent,youmust()bytheschooldiscipline.
问题1选项
A.conform
B.stand
C.abide
D.sustain
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。conform“符合,遵守”,一般和介词to或with搭配;stand“站立”,后接介词by意为“袖手旁观”;abide“容忍,遵守”,后接介词by意为“遵守,信守,承担……的后果”;sustain“维持,支撑”,是及物动词。句中所表达的意思是学生要遵守学校的纪律,所以选项C正确。
10.翻译题
SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)
TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.
(40)土壤和土地资源支撑着全球可持续发展,它们还是我们与穷困、食品不安全和气候变化作斗争的关键元素。与其他自然资源复杂地交织在一起,土壤是水、能源和食品安全链条中(nexus)不可分割的组成部分。由于风沙和水的侵蚀,世界每年失去约240亿吨肥沃的土壤。
(41)土壤和土地的恶化(degradation)不仅是一个物理或生物化学问题,而且常常与社会经济各方面相联系。贫穷和被边缘化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地恶化的影响,因为通常是他们拥有这些恶化的土地。
(42)为了使贫困的小规模农业耕种社区达到食品安全要求,并且根除(eradicate)极端贫困,我们需要处理与土地恶化相关的一系列复杂问题。土壤和土地恶化既是技术问题,也是管理(governance)问题。
【答案】40.Soilsandlandresourcesunderpinglobalsustainabledevelopment,andtheyarekeyelementsinourfightagainstpoverty,foodinsecurityandclimatechange.Intertwinedwithothernaturalresourcescomplicatedly,soilisanintegralpartofthewater,energy,andfoodsecuritynexus.Duetotheerosionofwindanddustaswellaswater,theworldlosesabout24billiontonsoffertilesoileveryyear.
41.Soilandlanddegradationnotonlyinvolvesphysicalorbiochemicalproblems,butalsooftenrelatedtosocialandeconomicaspects.Poorandmarginalizedpopulationsareusuallythemostvulnerabletosoilandlanddegradation,astheyareusuallytheoneswhoownthedeterioratedland.
42.Inorderforpoorsmall-scalefarmingcommunitiestomeetfoodsafetyrequirementsandtoeradicateextremepoverty,weneedtoaddressasetofcomplexissuesassociatedwithlanddegradation.Soilandlanddegradationisasmuchamatterofgovernanceasoftechnology.
11.单选题
Hewould,wheninoffice,()thatallsecretdatabemadepublic.
问题1选项
A.secure
B.ensure
C.assure
D.certify
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。secure“保护;弄到”;ensure“确保;保证”;assure“使(某人)确信(某事);使信服,使相信”;certify“证明”。只有B项符合题意。句意:当他执政时,他会确保所有机密数据都要公布于众。
12.单选题
Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencyshouldbeachievedifseveralpeoplecollaboratetosolveaproblemthanifonlyoneindividualworksonit.Theassumptionisbynomeansinvariablytrue.
Althoughgroupsoftenmayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereisacounter-balancingneedtocontendwithconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroupandtogiveitcoherentdirections.Problem-solvingisfacilitatedbythepresenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirectionbutpermitstheorderly,constructiveexpressionofavarietyofopinions;muchoftheleader’seffortmaybedevotedtoresolvingdifferences.Successinproblem-solvingalsodependsonthedistributionofabilitywithinagroup.Solutionssimplymayreflectthepresenceofanoutstandingindividualwhomightperformevenbetterbyhimself.
Althoughgroupsmayreachagreaternumberofcorrectsolutions,ormayrequirelesstimetodiscoverananswer,theirnetman-hourefficiencyistypicallylowerthanthatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.
Aprocesscalledbrainstorminghasbeenofferedasamethodoffacilitatingtheproductionofnewsolutionstoproblems.Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof,regardlessofqualityandwithasfewinhibitionsaspossible.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincreasetheprobabilitythatatleastsomesuperiorsolutionswillemerge.Nevertheless,studiesshowthatwhenindividualsworkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendstoproceedmoreefficientlythanitdoesingroups.
Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythandoesareasonablycompetentindividual.Groupmembersmaycontributedifferent(andessential)resourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanreadilyachievealone;suchpoolingofinformationandskillscanmakegroupachievementssuperiorindealingwithselectedproblems.Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasinglealternative,asinformulatingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderdemocraticgovernments.Whenonlyoneamongseveralalternativesolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigherprobabilityofidentifyingtherightonethandoesanindividualalone.
1.Inthispassage,theauthorarguesthatthinkingingroups()
2.Thephrase‘contendwith’inParagraphTwomostprobablymeans()
3.Accordingtotheauthor,comparedwithanindividual,agroup()
4.Theword‘brainstorming’inParagraphFourroughlymeans()
5.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatagroupwillbemoreefficientin()
问题1选项
A.isthebestwaytosolveanyproblems
B.isbynomeansusefulinproblem-solving
C.mayresultineffectiveproblem-solvingundercertaincircumstances
D.willinevitablyproducegreaterefficiencyinproblem-solvingthanindividualthinking
问题2选项
A.handle
B.arguewith
C.satisfy
D.competewith
问题3选项
A.mayneedmoretimetodiscoverananswer
B.needsaneffectiveleadertoprovidedirection
C.oftenfailstoresolveconflictsamongitsmembers
D.willalwaysproducebettersuggestions
问题4选项
A.offeringamethodoffacilitatingtheproductionofnewsolutionstoproblems
B.unrestrainedofferingofideasandsuggestionsbyagroupofpeopletoseeksolutionstoproblems
C.increasingtheefficiencyinproblem-solvingbyworkingwitheachother
D.forcingpeopletoworktogethertosolveaproblem
问题5选项
A.solvingproblemsthatneedintensivestudy
B.analyzinginformationanddata
C.dealingwithnationalproblems
D.selectingthebestsolutiontoaproblem
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:B
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。根据最后一段的第一句“Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythandoesareasonablycompetentindividual.”在特殊情况下,一个团队可能比一个有能力的人更有效地解决问题。选项C符合原文。
2.词义题。根据原文可知,这里指需要处理好成员之间的冲突,选项A符合原文。
3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Problem-solvingisfacilitatedbythepresenceofaneffectiveleader…”一个有效的领导者的存在有助于解决问题。选项B符合原文。
4.语义题。根据第四段的第二句“Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof,regardlessofqualityandwithasfewinhibitionsaspossible.”头脑风暴指提供一个问题给一群人,然后他们会谈论所能想到的任何东西,而不管质量如何,并且尽可能不受限制。也就是说一群人无拘无束地提出想法和建议,寻求问题的解决方案;选项B正确。
5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知:在处理国家问题上,集体比个人更有效率。
13.单选题
Thepatternsofspokenlanguageare()fromthoseofwriting.
问题1选项
A.distinct
B.distinctive
C.distinguished
D.distinguishing
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项distinct“独特的,有区别的”,bedistinctfrom=bedifferentfrom,表示“与……不同”;B选项distinctive“有特色的,与众不同的”;C选项distinguished“卓越的,著名的”;D选项distinguishing“有区别的”,英语中没有bedistinguishingfrom这样搭配。句意:口语的模式不同于书面语的模式。由选项意思和句意可知,A选项符合句意。
14.单选题
Rockmusicusually______theyoungpeopleinmostcountries.
问题1选项
A.appliesto
B.appealsto
C.amazes
D.actress
【答案】B
【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项appliesto“适用于;向……提出申请”;B选项appealsto“呼吁;要求;对……有吸引力”;C选项amazes“使吃惊”;D选项actress“女演员”。句意:摇滚乐通常______大多数国家的年轻人。根据语境,这里B选项appealsto“对……有吸引力”搭配youngpeople比较合理,意思指年轻人喜欢摇滚乐。因此B选项正确。
15.单选题
Improvementsinqualitycontroltechniqueshaveresultedinmorehigh-qualityproductswithveryfew______.
问题1选项
A.failures
B.defects
C.routes
D.spots
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。failures“失败”;defects“缺点”;routes“路线”;spots“斑点”。句意:质量控制技术的改进使产品质量更高,缺陷更少。选项B符合题意。
16.单选题
Comewhat(
),we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.
问题1选项
A.must
B.should
C.can
D.may
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。comewhatmay意为“无论如何,不管怎样,无论发生什么事”。
句意:无论如何,我们不会对他的不合理要求作出任何让步。
17.填空题
Anyparentwithachild(1)______theagesof3and11cantellyou(2)______technologyhascreptintonearly(3)______aspectsofplaytimeandnearlyeverytypeoftoy.TheHyperDash,introducedrecentlyfromWildPlanet,isa(4)______inpoint."It'stheperfectblendoftechnology,learningandexercise,"saysaneducationalpsychologist.WildPlanethas(5)______unveiledayoungerversionofHyperDash,forkids3to5,(6)______AnimalScramble,whichisdue(7)______storesinSeptember.In(8)______,thefirmwillsoonreleaseHyperJump."Playandtechnologyare(9)______,"saysClaireGreenofthenonprofitParents'ChoiceFoundation."There's(10)____puttingthegeniebackinthebottle."
ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER
【答案】1.between
2.that
3.all
4.case
5.already
6.called
7.in
8.addition
9.merging
10.no
【解析】1.考查介词。空格前是“child”,后面是年龄区间,因此表示“年龄在3到11岁之间的孩子”,应填入between。
2.考查关系词用法。空格前有动词tell,后面应为“告诉你”的具体内容,而后面句子中不缺少其他成分,因此填入that即可。
3.考查上下文语义。科技几乎涉及娱乐时间的……方面。应填入all。
4.考查固定搭配。上文说到,科技几乎涉及所有类型的玩具,因此这里应是举出实例,acaseinpoint“恰当的例子”。应填入case。
5.考查副词用法。此处为现在完成时,不缺主要成分,因此空格处是修饰词。联系上下文,本句是说WildPlanet已经公布了一种为年龄更小的孩子所设计的版本。
6.考查上下文语义。空格后是一个专有名词,空格前是这个名词的解释,因此填入called。
7.考查介词用法。在商场销售应使用介词in搭配。
8.考查上下文语义。上文说到公司的一些举措,空格后又提到了公司将发布HyperJump,说明是又一项举措,inaddition“另外”符合题意,
9.考查上下文语义。综合全文,本文说的是游戏和科技的密切关联,它们正融合在一起。因此填入merging。
1
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2024年度甘肃省安全员之B证(项目负责人)押题练习试题B卷含答案
- 2024年度甘肃省安全员之A证(企业负责人)押题练习试卷A卷附答案
- 2024年阿德福韦酯项目发展计划
- 2024年燃油自动加油设备合作协议书
- 2024年新媒体数字项目合作计划书
- 2024年脱硝催化剂项目发展计划
- 2024年家用清洁卫生电器具合作协议书
- 电商学院报告厅改造合同
- 湖景别墅居间服务合同
- 港口码头土方清运合作协议
- 高压旋喷桩施工作业指导书
- 大坡度斜屋面构造层防滑移的施工技术运用
- 脑耗盐综合症与PPT课件
- 铁矿球团工程设计规范
- 通达信公式(缠中说禅)
- 基于STM32的红外测温系统设计论文设计
- 行车轨道更换施工方案
- 县烟草专卖局(分公司)市管员、客户经理、配送员联动工作机制
- 热敏CTP与光敏CTP的区别
- 防汛工作检查督导制度
- 10以内带括号加减法(精华版)
评论
0/150
提交评论