免疫学-本学期introduction

Chapter

1Basic

Concepts

in

ImmunologyOuter

defenseRelative

passive:

as

the

Great

Wall

toblock

invadersImmune

defenseActive:

as

soldiers

to

fight

invaders1.

Defence

Barriers(防御屏障)Defence

Barriers、体表屏障或 防线皮肤,粘膜,粘液,唾液,泪体内屏障外周免疫 （淋脾脏）；吞噬细胞；网状内皮系统血脑屏障或 防线中枢免疫胸腺；淋巴细胞及淋巴循环；骨髓；胎盘屏障阻挡病原体体内销毁侵入体内的病原体病原体的扩散病原体的增殖病原体 入脑防御病原体监视和防止细胞恶变除害灭病Role

of

the

immunesystem

to

protect

from:2.

Why

we

need

to

learnImmunology?----No

why,

butshould! From

unknow

to

know!What

should

we

do

before

transplantingblood?Why

do

we

need

to

do genematching

before

antransplantation

?Why

is

it

very

difficult

to

find

perfect donor

forrecipient

in

transplantation

?暴走Do

you

have

any

experience

about

allergy?What

is

theallergy?What

is

SLE,

Insulin-dependent

diabetes

mellitus,rheumatoid

arthritis,--------

?4. What

is

vaccine

?

How

could

vaccines

help

usagainst

some

diseases?How

do

these

Immunoglobulin

works?3.

Basic

ConceptsImmunity----immunieThe

Latin

term

immunis,

meaning

“exempt,”

is

thesource

of

the

English

word

immunity,

meaning

thestate

of

protectionfrom

infectious

disease.“免”：免除；“疫”：或疫病。免疫最早指机体对传染病的抵抗力。Immunology

refers

to

thestudy

of

our

protection

fromforeign

invadors,

to

recognize,

response

to

and

eliminatethem.

These

invadersinclude es,

bacteria,

protozoa,larger

parasites

and

un-normal

self

cells.4.

Overview

of

ImmunologyComponents

ofImmune

SystemFunctions

ofImmune

SystemPathology

ofImmune

ResponseApplicationsdefensehomeostasissurveillanceImmune

ResponsesInnate

immunityAdaptiveimmunityHypersensitivityAutoimmune

diseaseImmunodeficiencyTumorTransplantationrejectionPreventionDiagnosisTherapyans

and

tissuesCellsMolecules－Antibodies－Complement－Cytokines－MHCa

broad

overview

of

Immune

SystemImmune

Systemans

and

tissuesantibodyCytokinesAntigenMHCComplementCellsMoleculesGranuocytesMonocytesMacrophageDendritic

cellsLymphocytesPrimarylymphoidansSecondarylymphoidansBoneMarrowThymusLymph

nodesSpleenMucosa-associatedlymphoid

tissues免疫系统的组成免疫中枢免疫外周免疫骨髓胸腺抗体、补体细胞因子抗原MHC免疫细胞免疫分子免疫效应分子免疫相关抗原和分子脾脏淋粘膜相关的淋巴组织粒细胞单核细胞巨噬细胞DC细胞淋巴细胞ans

and

Tissues

of

Immune

SystemPrimary

lymphoid

ansBone

MarrowThymusSecondary

lymphoid

ansLymph

nodesSpleenMucosa-associated

lymphoid

tissues

(MALT)5.

Components

of

immune

system6.

Cells

of

Immune

System—

Mononuclear

phagocyte

system—

GranulocytesMonocyteMacrophageDendritic

CellsNeutrophilsBasophilsEosinophilsT

lymphocyteTH:

T

help

cells(TH1,

TH2)TC:

T

cytotoxic

cells,

CTL7. Functions

of

Immune

System—

Protect

animals

from

disease

and

infectionImmunological

defense

（免疫防御）Immunological

homeostasis

（免疫自稳）Immunological

surveillance

（免疫监视）*normal

protection

from

infection

of

outermicro anisms

or

toxicproducts；*response

too

strong----hypersensitivity；*response

too

low

or

deficient----immunedeficiencydisease.a.Immunological

defense

免疫防御b.

Immunologic

homeostasis免疫自稳*maintenance

of

relative

stability

of

immunesystem；*

abnormal

homeostasis

(response

too

strong

or

too

low----autoimmunedisease)The

immune

system

could

eliminate

the

inflammatory

or

died

self-cells.c.Immunological

surveillance

免疫监视recognize

and

clear

abnormalityand

mutant

cellsabnormal

surveillance----tumor

or

long

term

infection8.

Immune

ResponsesAgans

and

tissuesCellsMoleculesImmunologic

defenseImmunologic

homeostasisImmunologic

surveillanceHypersensitivityImmunodeficiencyAutoimmune

diseasesTumorTransplantation

rejectionImmuneResponses9. Pathologyof

Immune

Reactions免疫相关疾病与临床免疫学Hypersensitivity

超敏反应Immunodeficiency

免疫缺陷Autoimmune

diseases

自身免疫病Cancer

of

the

immune

system

免疫系统肿瘤Tumor

Immunology

肿瘤免疫Transplantation

immunology

移植免疫10.Applications------

detection，diagnosis，prevention，treatment（检测、

、预防、治疗）Overview

of

ImmunologyComponents

ofImmuneSystemFunctions

ofImmuneSystemPathology

ofImmuneResponseApplicationsans

andtissuesCellsMoleculesAntigen

(Ag)HypersensitivityPreventionImmuneResponsesAutoimmune

diseaseImmunodeficiencyTumorDiagnosisTherapyTransplantationrejectionImmunologyImmune

SystemImmunol

activitiesImm_SystemIamn

m_Imm_ResponseImm

toleranceImm_hypersensitivityImm

detectTumorImmtransplatationintroductionImm_MoleculesImm_cell教学内容Richard

A.

Goldsby,

Thomas

J.

Kindt,

Barbara

A.

Osborneand

Janis

Kuby

,

Immunology

6e,

2006免疫学作者：：高等教育日期：2006年7月版1I

S

B

N：704018528开

本：16开：￥46.0医学免疫学作者：：科学日期：2006年7月版1I

S

B

N：704018528开

本：16开：￥46.0index.htm作者：Abul

K.Abbas

Andrew

H.Lichtman

Jordan

S.Pober：5th

editionHow

can

you

knowwhat

you

havelearntExaminations:4

stories

and

discussion

(20%)Test

(80%)Get

2Credits

after

passing

32hstudy,s

and

the

examination.GOOD

LUCK!The

Nobel

Prize:

Ideas

Changing

the

WorldNobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

MedicineWhat

are

your

findingsand

idears?On

27

November

1895,

Alfred

Nobel

signed

his

last

will

andtestament,

giving

the

largest

shareof

his

fortuneto

aseries

ofprizes,

the

Nobel

Prizes.

As

described

in

Nobel's

will,

one

partwas

dedicated

to

“the who

shall

have

made

the

mostimportant

discovery

within

the of

physiology

ormedicine”.The

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

has

been

awarded

105times

to

207

Nobel

Laureates

between

1901

and

2014.2014 Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:"for

their

discoveries

of

cells

that

constituteapositioningsystem

in

the

brain".2013 NobelPrize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:"for

their

discoveries

of

machinery

regulating

vesicle

traffic,

amajor

transport

system

in

our

cells"2012

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:for

the

discovery

that

mature

cells can

bereprogrammed

to e

pluripotent.2011

NobelPrize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:for

their

discoveries

concerning

the

activation

of

innateimmunity

and

"for

his

discovery

of

the

dendritic

cell

and

itsrole

in

adaptive

immunity"2010

NobelPrize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:"for

the

development

of

in

vitro

fertilization".2008

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:"for

his

discovery

of

human

papilloma

es(

瘤

)causingcervical

cancer",

the

other

half

jointly

toFrançoi

seBarré-Sinoussi

and

Luc

Montagnier

"for

their

discovery

ofhuman

immunodeficiency

".h

tp:

/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2

08/1996Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:for

the

discovery

of

howthe

immune

system

recognizes-infected

cells.

Howakiller

Tlymphocyte

must

recognize

both

the antigen

and

theself

patibilityantigen

molecule

inorder

tokill

a

.2014 Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:"for

their

discoveries

of

cells

that

constitutea

positioningsystem

in

the

brain".2013 Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:"for

their

discoveries

ofmachinery

regulating

vesicle

traffic,

amajor

transport

system

in

our

cells"2012

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:for

the

discovery

that

mature

cells

can

be reprogrammed

toe

pluripotent.2011

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:for

their

discoveries

concerning

the

activation

of

innateimmunity

and

"for

his

discovery

of

the

dendritic

cell

and

itsrole

in

adaptiveimmunity"2010Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:"for

the

development

of

in

vitro

fertilization".-2008

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:"for

his

discovery

of

human

papilloma

es(

瘤)causing

cervical

cancer",

the

other

half

jointly

to

FrançoiseBarré-Sinoussi

and

Luc

Montagnier

"for

their

discovery

ofhuman

immunodeficiency

".1996

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

awarded:for

the

discovery

of

how

the

immune

system

recognizesinfected

cells.20世纪获得医学生理学奖的免疫学家年代

学者国籍获奖成就1901Behring德国发现抗毒素，开创免疫疗法1905Koch德国发现病原菌1908Ehrlich德国提出抗体生成侧链学说和体液免疫学说Metchnikoff发现细胞吞噬作用，提出细胞免疫学说1912Carrel法国移植1913Richet法国发现过敏现象1919Bordet比利时发现补体1930Landsteiner奥地利发现人红细胞血型1951Theler南非发明黄热病1957Bovet意大利抗组胺药治疗超敏反应1960BurnetMedawar澳大利亚英国提出抗体生成的克隆选择学说发现获得性移植免疫耐受性20世纪获得医学生理学奖的免疫学家国籍

获奖成就年代

学者制19721977EdelmanPorteYallow英国阐明抗体的化学结构阐明抗体的化学结构创立放射免疫测定法19801984DaussetSnellBenacerrafJerne法国丹麦发现人白细胞抗原发现小鼠H-2系统发现免疫应答的遗传控制提出免疫网络学说1987KohlerMilsteinTonegawa德国英国杂交瘤技术

单克隆抗体单克隆抗体技术及Ig

表达的遗传控抗体多样性的遗传基础1990MarrayThomas1954年第一例肾移植成功1950年第一例骨髓移植成功1996DohertyZinkernagel1974年首先提出MHC限制性，即T细胞的双识别模式2008HPV和HIV2011天然免疫和DCThe

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

acknowledgedboth

the

development

of

a

scientific

concept

that

concerned

the

wayin

which

the

immune

system

can

fight

certain

infectious

agents,

andits

successful

translation

into

a

method

of

kee the

illnessestheycause

at

bay.

At

the

forefront

of

these

achievements

was

Emilvon

Behring.

His

discovery

of

molecular

missiles

in

blood

led

to

acomple y

new

type

of

ther utic

strategy,

one

in

which

immunitycreated

through

artificial

means

could

cure

life-threatening

diseases.h

tp:

/

nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1901/sp

edread.html>What

was

Von

Behring's

pi