2018年考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)

2018年考研英语一真题（后附答案详解）SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____(1)manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour_____(2)inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____(3)._____(4),whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____(5)peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_____(6)pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatleadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromptshumansto_____(7)withoneanother.SwissScientistshavefoundthatexposure_____(8)thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____(9):Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse._____(11)forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_____(12)us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____(13)acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach_____(14)toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What'sinhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf_____(16)thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____(17)them.Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____(18)tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____(19),onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"_____(20)"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.A．onB．likeC．forD．from2.A．faithB．concernC．attentionD．interest3.A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．price4.A．ThereforeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．AlthoughD．When6.A．selectsB．producesC．appliesD．maintains7.A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compare8.A．atB．byC．ofD．to9.A．contextB．moodC．periodD．circle10.A．counterpartsB．substitutesC．colleaguesD．supporters11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．Ironic12.A．monitorB．protectC．surpriseD．delight13.A．betweenB．withinC．towardD．over14.A．transferredB．addedC．introducedD．entrusted15.A．outB．backC．aroundD．inside16.A．discoveredB．provedC．insistedD．remembered17.A．betrayedB．wrongedC．fooledD．mocked18.A．forcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled19.A．IncontrastB．AsaresultC．OnthewholeD．Forinstance20.A．inflexibleB．incapableC．unreliableD．unsuitableSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）Text1Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.21.【题干】Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?A．Leadingpoliticians.B．Low-wagelaborers.C．Robotowners.D．Middle-classworkers.22.【题干】Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?A．Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.B．Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.C．IssuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackledD．Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided23.【题干】Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison_____.A．creativepotential.B．job-huntingskills.C．individualneeds.D．cooperativespirit.24.【题干】Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat_____.A．encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.B．increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.C．easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.D．preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.25.【题干】Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith_____.A．pposingviewsonit.B．possiblesolutionstoit.C．itsalarmingimpacts.D．itsmajorvariations.Text2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform.MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia．Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.26.【题干】AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson【选项】A．thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.B．people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.C．theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.D．socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.27.【题干】Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto【选项】AA．sharpenB．defineC．boastD．share28.【题干】Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople【选项】A．tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.B．verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.C．havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.D．liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”29.【题干】TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis【选项】A．readersoutdatedvalues.B．journalists'biasedreportingC．readers'misinterpretationD．journalists'made-upstories.30.【题干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?【选项】A．ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnlineB．ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrendC．TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.D．ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.Text3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned．Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely“processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.Ms.Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.31.【题干】WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?【选项】A．Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.B．Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.C．Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectationsD．Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.32.【题干】TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith【选项】A．emptypromises.B．toughresistance.C．necessaryadjustments.D．sincereapologies.33.【题干】TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that【选项】A．privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.B．leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.C．makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.D．thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit34.【题干】Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis___【选项】A．theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.B．theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.C．theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.D．themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.35.【题干】Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis【选项】A．ambiguous.B．cautious.C．appreciative.D．contemptuous.Text4TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewrealityAndinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS’sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization.Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved---Democrats,Republicans,thePostalService,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers—hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion.IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate–wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.There’snochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency’scosts.AlsomissingisanydiscussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey’regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.36.【题干】ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby_____.【选项】A．itsunbalancedbudget.B．itsrigidmanagement.C．thecostfortechnicalupgrading.D．thewithdrawalofbanksupport.37.【题干】AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto_____.【选项】A．theinterferencefrominterestgroups.B．theinadequatefundingfromCongress.C．theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.D．theincompetenceofpostalunions.38.【题干】Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedby_____.【选项】A．removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.B．makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.C．adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism.D．attractingmorefirst-classmailusers.39.【题干】Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith_____.【选项】A．respect.B．tolerance.C．discontent.D．gratitude.40.【题干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?【选项】A．TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDaysB．ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheeseC．TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCureD．ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-AidPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A].InDecemberof1869,CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments.TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.[B].Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.[C].TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.[D].ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor.[E].TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.[F].Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.[G].ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding.41.【答案】E【解析】很多选项中都出现了EEOB这个简称，那么就意味着这个专有名词一定会先有交代它的全称，再出现简称，这里只有D选项符合。42.【答案】G【解析】选项中有很多时间，所以这篇文章很可能有明显的时间线，而G出现了关键词ThehistoryoftheEEOB43.【答案】A【解析】InDecemberof1869，出现了早的时间，并且文章内容说国会选址开始建，符合逻辑44【答案】B【解析】F段中说到了建了17年，一边接一边修建，B中出现完成Completedin1875，符合逻辑45.【答案】D【解析】讲完了建筑特色，再说很多名人在其中发生的历史事件，符合逻辑PartCTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)46)BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.【解析】本句主干为Europewaswitnessingthepassingandthecreation。句首bythedateofhisbirth，考查代词指代，回上文可知为：莎士比亚。undertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy为定语，修饰thecreation。【参考译文】莎士比亚出生之时，宗教戏剧在欧洲正逐渐消亡，而在经典悲剧和戏剧的激发下，这里正在形成各种新的戏剧形式。47)noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.【解析】本句的主干为：noboycouldbeignorantthat...，意思为：没有人会不了解...，可以翻译成：人都了解...。whowenttoagrammarschool为定语从句，修饰noboy，可以前置翻译为：去文法学校的人都了解....。之后为that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的主干为thedramawasaformofliterature，之后为which引导的定语从句，修饰aformofliterature，定语从句中mightyetdo意思为：迟早会...，定语从句可采用后置的翻译方法：它已经给希腊和罗马带来了荣耀，也可能会给英国带来荣耀。【参考译文】那些去文法学校的人都知道，戏剧是文学的一种形式，它已经给希腊和罗马带来了荣耀，也迟早会给英国带来荣耀。48)Buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwithliteraryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.【解析】本句为并列句。前半句theprofessionalcompanies专业公司，在本文中指的是专业戏剧公司。permanent意为：永久的，固定的，theirpermanenttheaters可翻译为：固定的剧院。前半句可翻译为：但是，专业戏剧公司有了固定的剧院而繁荣发展起来。后半句withliteraryambitions修饰universitymen，可断句翻译为：有文学抱负的大学生迅速投身这些剧院，将其视为谋生的手段。【参考译文】但是，专业戏剧公司在固定的剧院中繁荣发展起来，有文学抱负的大学生迅速投身这些剧院，并将其视为谋生的手段。49)Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.【解析】本句为并列句，前半句主干为anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated，可翻译为：一种当地的文学戏剧形式已经被创立，其中被动语态可以直接翻译为：产生出来。itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished为独立主格结构，意思为：它和公共剧院的联盟关系被确立，可翻译为：它与公共剧院建立了联盟关系。后半句主干为：traditionshadbeenbegun，可翻译为：最终这种戏剧的一些伟大传统也开始出现。【参考译文】一种当地的文学戏剧艺术已经产生了，它与公众剧院也建立了联盟关系，而最终这种戏剧的一些伟大传统也开始出现。50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.【解析】本句主干为wemustrememberthat...andthat...。句首不定式短语中torealize后为how引导的宾语从句，可以翻译为：要想知道戏剧艺术的伟大之处。further为状语，修饰remember，可翻译为：还必须记住。hostsofplays翻译为：大量的戏剧作品，其种plays应翻译为“戏剧作品”。第二个that引导的宾语从句的主干为thereisnoauthor，之后ofnote意思为：重要的、引人注目的、著名的。之后为whose引导的定语从句，修饰authorofnote，定语从句可用融合法，翻译为：没有著名戏剧作者的完整作品保存下来。【参考译文】要想知道戏剧艺术的伟大之处，我们还必须记住大量的戏剧作品已经丢失，而且或许我们也不会知道那些没有完整作品保存下来的剧作家SectionIVWritingPartA51.Directions:Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsinyouruniversity,invitingthemtoattendagraduationceremony.Inthisletter,youshouldstatethetime,placeandotherinformationabouttheceremony.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET.Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)范文：DearExperts,IamthechairmanoftheStudents'Unionofouruniversity.Asweallknow,ourgraduationceremonyisaroundthecorner.AndIamwritingforthepurposeofaskingwhetheryoucanhonorustoattendit.YouareadmiredbyallthestudentsandwewouldbegratefulifyoucouldbepresentattheceremonytobeheldinourauditoriumonJune26th,at7p.m.Andonbehalfoftheuniversity,Igenuinelyinviteyoutobeourdistinguishedgueststoawardgraduationcertificatestostudentswhohavecompletedtherequiredcourseworkatpassinggrades.Ifso,furtherdetailsabouttheactivitywillbesent.Yourpresencesarecordiallyrequestedandappreciated,andIamlookingforwardtoyourrepliesatyourearliestconvenience.Yourssincerely,LiMingPartB52.DirectionsWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpictures.Inyessay,youshould1)describethepicturesbriefly;2)interpretthemeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20pointsInfrontofadesktopsitsayoungboywhoisstaringatthescreenandselectingthecurriculum.Apparently,atraceofhesitancyshowedinhiseyes.Heisconsideringwhethertochoosethecourseswhicharehighscored,easilypassedwithlesshomework,ortochoosethosethatcontainnewknowledge,focusoncreatingandaredifficulttolearn.Theimplicationechoedbythiscartooncanbesummarizedasaphilosophictopicinourdailylife：thesuccessofamaniscloselyrelatedtothechoicemadebyhimself.Nevertheless,Icherishabeliefthatwecannottellwhethertheselectionisgoodornot,andaslongasweadheretoourdecision,successwillberealizedstepbystep.Althoughmakingachoiceisessentialtohelpdeterminethedirectionofourway,judgedfromthepersonalaspect,persistencefunctionsasanindispensabledrivingforcetokeepupourspiritandtoassistustofulfillourstudyandwork.However,somepeople,pacingupanddown,arenotindustriousandtrytofindashort-cutsuccess.Infact,onlythosewhoarehard-workingandbraveenoughtoencounterobstaclesofallsortsaremostlikelytoreachthesummitofsuccess.Accordingly,persistenceandmakingourowndecisionrationallyarebadlyneededineveryaspectofoursociety.Inordertobringoutthispotentialcapability,oureducationsystemissupposedtobereformedfundamentally,focusingoncultivatingtheabilityofconfrontingchallenges.Asanoldsayinggoes:”Nopain,nogain.”1.【答案】C【解析】该题选择的是介词，与后面的manyworthwhileth