节标人教实验版高三Module9Unit2课件

Reading广东曾桂萍刘玉Reading广东曾桂萍刘玉1Discuss1.Howdoyouthinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented?Keptclosetotheshore,usednaturesuchasthesun,wind,birds,tide,etc,tohelpthem,andusedsomeoftheinstrumentsincludingacompass,astrolabe,etc.Discuss1.Howdoyouthinksea22.Whichdoyouthinkwaseasiertoworkout:latitudeorlongitude?Latitude,becauseitwasusedtomeasurehowfaryouhadtraveledfromlandonastraightline.Itwasdiscoveredalongtimebeforelongitude.2.Whichdoyouthinkwaseasi33.Canyouidentifytheseearlynavigationalinstrumentsseamenusedandexplainhowtheyareused?1)compass(inancientChina)2)astrolabe3)sextant4)sea/nautical/marinechart3.Canyouidentifytheseearl44.Whichonesdoyouthinkarestillusedtoday?Seachartsarestillusedtoday.4.Whichonesdoyouthinkare5Comprehending1.Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatistheuseofabearingcircle,astrolabe,quadrantorsextant?()Whatistheuseofacompass?()

A.Tosetthecourseoftheship B.TomeasurethepositionoftheshipC.Tomeasurethespeedoftheship D.TotellthetimeABComprehending1.Readthepassa62)Whyarespeedandtimeimportantinworkingoutthelongitudeofaship? Speedandtimeareimportantinfindingoutthelongitudeofashipbecausetheearthmovesfifteendegreeswestwardseveryhour.Ifyouknowyourdirection,speedandtime,youcanworkouttheapproximatelongitudeorchangeinyourpositioninrelationtothestars.2)Whyarespeedandtimeimpo73)Whyisthepositionofthesunandvariousstarsusefulforworkingoutlatitude?Thepositionofthesunandstarsareusefulforworkingoutlatitudebecausetheyarefixedpointsintheskyandtheirmovementsinrelationtotheeartharealreadyknown.Sotheycanbeusedtomeasureaship'sposition.3)Whyisthepositionofthe82.SupposeyouwereaseacaptainaimingtosailroundAfrica.Discussingroups:1)Whatskillswouldyouseekinyoursailors?2)Whatproblemswouldyouanticipateforthisjourney?2.Supposeyouwereaseacapt93.Readthepassageagainandusetheinformationtoanalysethenavigationalskills.3.Readthepassageagainand10Usingnature1.Tofindtheship’spositionatseaasailorusedtheNorthStarandthesun.2.Asailorknewthatlandwasnearbyifhesaw_________________________________

_______________________.3.Sailorsused________________________

________toincreasetheirspeed.freshseaweed,nestingbirdsreturninghomeintheeveningorfogseacurrentsortidesandwindsUsingnature1.Tofindtheshi114.Thereweretwomethodstofindlongitude:1)_______________________2)__________________________________

Usinginstrumentsmeasuringtimeandspeedcompassandcomplicatedmathematicaltables4.Thereweretwomethodstof121.Howdoyouthinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented?

在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前,你认为航海员是怎样探路的?ExplanationonP111.Howdoyouthinkseamenfou13①这是一个“特殊疑问词+doyouthink…”的双重疑问句结构。除think以外believe，guess,suppose等词也可以用于此结构。Whatdoyousupposehashappenedtohim?在Ithink／believe／guess／suppose/imagine等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，否定词应该前移，即否定转移。Idon’tthinkhewillcome．Ithinkhewillnotcome．[正][误]①这是一个“特殊疑问词+doyouthink…”14②inventvt．发明，创作；虚构，杜撰AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.1876年阿历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了电话。Thewholestorywasinvented.整个故事是虚构的。

inventor

n．发明者，发明家，创造者

inventionn．发明，创造；发明物②inventvt．发明，创作；虚构，杜撰15discover：invent：Gilbert___________electricity,butEdison_________theelectriclightbulb.Who_____________America?Who_____________thecomputer?客观存在，被人发现客观没有，被人发明discoveredinventeddiscoveredinvented吉尔伯特发现了电，爱迪生发明了电灯。谁发现了美洲？谁发明了电脑？discover：客观存在，被人发现客观没有，被人发明dis162.workout①tocalculateananswer,amount,price,orvalue计算②tothinkaboutsth.andmanagetounderstandit设法弄懂③tothinkcarefullyabouthowyouaregoingtodosth.andplanagoodwayofdoingit精心制定出，安排2.workout17eg.⑴Seeifyoucanworkoutthisbillout.⑵Theplotissocomplicatedthatit’lltakeyouawhiletoworkitout.计算弄明白eg.计算弄明白18⑶Ican’tworkoutGeoff;onedayhe’sfriendly,thenextdayheignoresmecompletely.⑷Ihaven’tworkedoutwho’sgongtolookafterthekidstonight.明白计划⑶Ican’tworkoutGeoff;one193.latitude

Theangulardistancenorthorsouthoftheearth'sequator,measuredindegreesalongameridian,asonamaporglobe.纬度：地球赤道北或南的角距离，例如在地图或地球仪上沿着子午线用度数测量e.g.Ourpositionislatitude40degreesnorth.我们的位置是北纬40度。3.latitude204.longitudeTheangulardistanceontheearth'ssurface,measuredeastorwestfromtheprimemeridianatGreenwich,England,tothemeridianpassingthroughaposition,expressedindegrees(orhours),minutes,andseconds.4.longitude21经线：地球表面的成角距离，从英国格林威治的本初子午线向东或向西至经过某一点的子午线计量，以度（或小时）、分和秒表示。e.g.Ourpositionislongitude116degreeseast.我们的位置是东经116度。经线：地球表面的成角距离，从英国格林威治的本初子午线向东或向225.identify

vt.把…等同于;认出,鉴定,认为同一Iidentifiedthejacketatonce；itwasmybrother’s．Heidentifiesbeautywithgoodness．identifyoneselfwith

与……有联系,支持Hepreferrednottoidentifyhimselfwiththatgroup.5.identify23identificationn.

辨认,鉴定,证明,视为同一identityn.

同一性,身份,一致,特性,恒等式identitycard

身份证identification241.Wemaywellwonderhowseamenexploredtheoceansbeforelatitudeandlongitudemadeitpossibletoplotaship’spositiononamap.

在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。ReadingPage1

1.Wemaywellwonderhowseam25①may/mightwell

很可能，极有可能

Theseareexcellentphotographsandwemaywellusetheminourmagazine.

这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。

Youmightwellfindthatyou’llneedmorebytheweekend.

到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。①may/mightwell很可能，极有可能26②主语+think／feel／make／consider…+it+n.／adj.+for／ofsb.todo…其中it为形式宾语，for／of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。IthinkitimportantforhimtolearnEnglishwell．我认为学好英语对他很重要。IhavemadeitclearthatIobjecttotheplan.我已经表明我反对这个计划。②主语+think／feel／make／consider…272.Thevoyagesoftravelersbeforethe17thcenturyshowthattheywerenotatthemercyoftheseaeventhoughtheydidnothavemodernnavigationalaids.17世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。2.Thevoyagesoftravelersbe28①

voyage

n./vi.

航海,航行ThevoyagefromEnglandtoIndiausedtotakesixmonths.过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。

goon/make/takeaseavoyage去航海旅行voyagern.航行者,航海者①voyagen./vi.航海,航行29trip

指休闲或因商的短途旅行journey

指从一地出发直达目的地的长途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点之意。travel

常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，不强调具体目的地。指具体的旅行时常用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概念。trip,journey,travel,voyage,tourtrip指休闲或因商的短途旅行trip,journey30voyage

强调较远距离的水上或空中旅行或游历。tour

指周游或巡回旅行，常常是访问一系列地方后再回到原出发点。e.g.WewillhaveacomfortablevoyagetotheFarEastthroughair.我们乘飞机去远东旅游将会非常舒适。voyage强调较远距离的水上或空中旅行或游历。e.g31Thejourneytotheseasidewilltakenotmorethantwodays.到海边去旅行最多需要花费两天时间。Iatoncebeganmakingpreparationsforatriphome.我马上开始为回家做准备。Thejourneytotheseasidewil32OurAmericanfriendsaremakingatourofShanghai.我们的美国朋友正在对上海进行巡回旅行。Hecamebackhomeafteryearsofforeigntravel.在多年的国外旅行后他回到了家。OurAmericanfriendsaremakin33②atthemercyofwithoutanyprotectionagainst;helplessbefore任由…摆布；在…面前无助

Theywerelostatsea,atthemercyofwindandweather.

他们在海上迷失了方向,任凭风和天气的摆布。

Idon’tliketobeatthemercyofsuchaman.

我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。②atthemercyof34havemercyon/showmercyto对……表示怜悯Theterroristsshowednomercytothehostages.恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。withoutmercy毫不留情地Themotherleftthedyingbabyinthehospitalwithoutmercy.那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。havemercyon/showmercyto35It’samercy(that)(口)幸运的是,幸亏(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运)It’samercytheaccidenthappenedsonearthehospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。It’samercyshewasn’tseriouslyhurt.幸运的是她伤势不重。It’samercy(that)(口)幸运的是,幸36③eventhough=evenif

虽然,即使引导让步状语从句A.引导把握不大或假设的事情

Evenifweachievegreatsuccessinourwork,weshouldnotbeproud.

即使我们在工作上取得了巨大的胜利，也不能骄傲。③eventhough=evenif37Hewillhaveproblemsinfindingajobevenifhecanpasstheexam.

即便他能通过考试，以后找工作也成问题。

Theywouldn’tlosehearteveniftheyfailedtentimes.

即使他们失败十次也不灰心丧气。Hewillhaveproblemsinf38B.引出事实Eventhoughhewaslate,hewasnotcriticizedbytheteacher.他虽然迟到了，也没有挨老师的批评。Icanstillremember,eventhoughitwassolongago.虽然这是很久以前的事，我还记得。B.引出事实393.alongside

prep.=bythesideof;sidebysidewith在……旁边；与……并排adv.=along,near,at,ortotheside在……旁边，近旁，沿着边Heparkedhiscaralongsidethefence.他把车沿着围墙停放。Acardrewupalongside.一辆汽车开上来并排而行。3.alongside404.minimum(min)

adj.

最小的,最低的

n.

最小值,最小化。其反义词为maximum(max)

adj.

最高的,最多的,最大极限的n.

最大量,最大限度,极大4.minimum(min)41

Theminimumrequirementsforthejobareadegreeandtwoyears’experience.

该工作的最低要求是要有学位和两年的工作经验。

Youmustgetaminimumof40questionsrighttopasstheexamination.

你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。Theminimumrequirementsfo42

keep/reducesth.toaminimum

将某物保持在/降低到最低限度

Theschoolmanagestokeepbullyingtoaminimum.

学校设法最低限度得减少恃强凌弱的行为。

Themaximumnumberofstudentsineachclassis58.

每个班学生人数的最高限额是58名。keep/reducesth.toaminim43

Wemustmakemaximumuseoftheresourcesavailable.

我们必须最大限度地利用可得到的资源。

Temperaturewillreachamaximumof40℃here.

这儿的最高气温将达40摄氏度。Wemustmakemaximumuseof445.indicatevt.

指出,显示,象征,预示,需要,简要地说明Iaskedhimwheremysisterwasandheindicatedtheshopopposite.我问他姐姐在哪儿,他朝对面的商店指了一下。Iindicatedthathishelpwasnotwelcome.我表明他的帮助不受欢迎。5.indicatevt.456.closeadj.

①nearinspaceortime

空间上或时间上靠近的②likely可能的③careful小心的6.closeadj.46closetodeath

离死亡不远takeacloselookatsth.严密注意某物keepaclosewatch/eyeon仔细地看closetodeath47Theychoseaspotclosetotheriverfortheirpicnic.他们选择了一个离河不远的地方进行野餐。Yourbirthdayisclosetomine.你的生日离我的生日相隔不长。Thetwocountriesareclosetosigningapeaceagreement.两国即将签署和平协议。Theychoseaspotclosetothe487.usedtodo表过去习惯化的动作或状态be/become/getusedtodoing/n.习惯于(to为介词)beusedtodo为被动语态，表示“被用来做某事”IusedtogoswimmingonSaturdaysbutnowIdon’t.7.usedtodo49Thecountrylifehewasusedto_____greatlysince1992.(2005山东)A.change B.haschangedC.changing D.havechangedI’mnotusedtogettingupsoearly.Clothisusedtomakeclothes.Thecountrylifehewasusedt50usedtodo与would用法对比1.usedtodo表示过去的动作、状态,重在与现在情况的对比,不一定要有时间状语。would只表示过去动作的重复,有明确的时间状语。

IwouldgotoseemygrandfatheronSundaywhenhewasinthemiddleschool.

Iusedtoplaycardsalot,butnowIseldomplay.usedtodo与would用法对比512.表示过去的习惯,可互换。

Whenwewereveryyoung,weusedto/wouldgoskatingeverywinter.注:usedtodo的否定式:usedn’ttodo/didn’tusetodo(usedn’t也可写作usen’t.)疑问式:Didyouusetodo…?/Usedyoutodo…?Didn’tyouusetodo…?/Usedn’tyoutodo…?2.表示过去的习惯,可互换。528.nowhereadv.无处,到处都无

该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。Ihavenojobandnowheretolive.我没工作，也没地方住。NowherecouldIseehim.我哪儿也看不到他。8.nowhereadv.53

Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelse_____suchabeautifulpalace.(2004辽宁)A.canyoufindB.youcouldfindC.youcanfindD.couldyoufindMaybeyouhavebeento549.offshore

adj./adv.向海面吹的,离岸的,海面上的,

海上/下作业的offshoreworkers

海上作业的工人offshorebank/company/investment境外银行/公司/投资9.offshoreadj./adv.55offshorewind/currentetc.从陆地吹向海面的风/离岸的潮流Thestormmovedoffshore.风暴离岸移动。Aboatmooredoffshore.船在近海下锚。offshorewind/currentetc.5610.acceleratevi./vt.=to(causeto)movefaster

加速,促进Sheacceleratedhercarandpassedthebusinfront.她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。Thecarsuddenlyaccelerated.那辆车突然开始加速。10.acceleratevi./vt.571.secureadj.安全的,可靠的,放心的,无虑的v.

保护,使安全

Ourhouseissecurefromflood.

我们的房子没有被淹的危险。

Somemeasuresareneededtosecurethebankfromaflood.

这道堤防需要采取一些措施,免得被洪水冲坏。Page21.securePage258securityn.安全，保安，保护SecuritywastightduringthePresident’svisit.总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。Forsecurityreasonsthevisitorsweresearched.为了安全起见，来宾受到了检查。securityn.安全，保安，保护592.no/not/never…until…

直到……才Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_____hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.(03北京春) A.after B.unless C.until D.when2.no/not/never…until…Was603.

knot

n.(绳等的)结,(树的)节;船速,＝海里/小时

v.打结

Hetiedhisbeltwithaknot.

他把带子打了个结。

Thewireistoostifftoknoteasily.

这根铁丝太硬了,不容易打结。3.knot614.involvevt.

包括，使陷于,使参与，影响

Don’tinvolveotherpeopleinyourmistakes.

别把别人牵涉到你的错误中去。4.involvevt.62Allthechildrenwereinvolvedintheschoolplay.

所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的戏剧。

Thematterisseriousbecauseitinvolvesyourreputation.

这件事很严重，因为它影响到你的声誉。Allthechildrenwereinvol63involve指必然包括的结果

include指包括属于整体的部分

contain指包含在内或含有几种成分

hold常指含有多少容量，可与contain互换involve,include,contain,holdinvolve指必然包括的结果involve,in64Takingthejob_________livingabroad.接受这项工作就一定要住在国外。Theprice__________postagecharges.价格包括邮资在内。Beer___________alcohol.啤酒里含有酒精。Howmuchwaterdoesthepan_______?那盘子能盛多少水？involvesincludescontainsholdTakingthejob_________living655.nauticalmile

海里（合1.852公里）在航海和航空上应用的长度单位，按地球大圆一弧分长计，尤指国际和美国单位。5.nauticalmile666.magneticadj.磁的,有磁性的,有吸引力的

magnet

n.磁体,磁铁

amagneticrecorder

磁录音机6.magnetic67amagneticcompassbearing可分辨磁极方向的罗盘amagneticperson有魅力的人Theironhaslostitsmagneticforce.这铁已失去磁力。amagneticcompassbearing687.directionn.方向;指导;趋势(常用复数)指示,用法,说明(书),收件人地址

Fulldirectionsinside.

内附详细说明书。

inalldirections=ineverydirection

向四面八方7.directionn.方向;指导;趋势69followone’sdirections遵照某人的指示Inwhichdirectionareyougoing,northorsouth?你准备朝哪个方向走？向北还是向南？Thisteamisundermydirection.这个小队由我指挥。followone’sdirections遵照某人708.randomn.

随意,任意

adj.

任意的,随便的,胡乱的

makearandomchoice

任意选择

atrandom=aimlessly;withoutanyplan随机，随便8.randomn.随意,任意71Thetravelersattheairportweresearchedatrandom.（搜查人员对）机场上的旅客随便选几个人加以搜查。

Soileddisheswerepiledatrandom.

脏碟子乱七八糟地堆着。Thetravelersattheairpor729.awkwardadj.

难使用的,笨拙的,尴尬的;

棘手的,难处理的

anawkwardremark

令人窘迫的评论

Therewasanawkwardsilence,whennooneknewwhattosay.

当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令人尴尬的沉默。9.awkwardadj.73他很笨，总是丢东西。Heisawkward;hekeepsdroppingthings.Anawkwardsituationaroseduringthepeacetalks.在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况。他很笨，总是丢东西。Heisawkward;heke7410.reference

n.提及,涉及,参考,参考书目,证明书(人),介绍信(人)Atthemeetingtheteachermadereferencestohisheroicdeeds.在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。Thesearereferencebooksforteachers.这些是教师参考书。10.referencen.75refer

v.提到,涉及,查阅,咨询Theteacheroftenrefersherpupilstothisdictionary.老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。Herpupilsoftenrefertothisdictionary.她的学会经常查这本字典。Don’trefertoitagain.别再提那件事。referv.7611.precise

adj.精确的,准确的

precision

n.精确(性),精密(度)Alawyerneedsaprecisemind.律师需要一丝不苟的精神。Acameraisaninstrumentofprecision.照相机是一种精密仪器。11.preciseadj.精确的,准确的7712.simplifyvt.单一化,简单化

simpleadj.简单的

TheEnglishinthisstoryhasbeensimplifiedtomakeiteasiertounderstand.

这个故事里的英语被简写以便更容易理解。

Hisfatherlivedasimplelifeinthecountry.

他父亲在农村过着简朴的生活。12.simplifyvt.单一化,简单化7813.portable

adj.

轻便的,手提(式)的,便携式的

aportabletypewriter

提式打字机

aportablegenerator

便携式发电机13.portableadj.7914.shortcoming

n.

缺点,短处（常用复数）

Inspiteofallhershortcomings,sheisstillthebestteachertheschoolhas.

他尽管有些缺点，但仍然是该校最好的教师。14.shortcomingn.8015.update

v.

使现代化,修正,校正,更新

n.

现代化,更新

updated

adj.

最新的，现代化的，适时的

anupdatedandrevisededition

最新修订本15.update8116.tendency

n.

趋向,倾向

We’venoticedagrowingtendencyforpeopletoworkathomeinsteadofinoffices.

我们注意到一种趋势，越来越多的人在家里工作而不在办公室里上班。16.tendencyn.趋向,倾向82haveatendencytodosth.

倾向于做某事，往往会做某事

Jean’snicebutshehasatendencytotalktoomuch.

简人倒不错，就是往往太唠叨。haveatendencytodosth.8317.reliableadj.可靠的,可信赖的

rely

v.依赖,依靠,信赖,信任,依赖于

reliabilityn.可靠性

Shemayforgettocomesheisnotveryreliable.

她可能忘了来，她不太可信赖。17.reliableadj.可靠的,可信赖的84LanguagepointsonP141.course

n.过程,经过,进程,方针,路线,跑道,课程,一道菜

Tommademuchnoiseinthecourse

ofdiscussion.

在讨论期间汤姆弄出了很大的响声。LanguagepointsonP141.cours85Theshipwasblownoffcourse.

那船被吹离了航向。

Wemadethreecourses:soup,meatandvegetables,andfruit.

我们有三道菜:汤,肉和蔬菜,还有水果。Theshipwasblownoffcour86Phraseswith“course”incourseof

正在……过程中,在……期间induecourse=attheproperorrighttime在合适或正好的时间ofcourse①inthenaturalorexpectedorderofthings;naturally.按事物自然的或预期的顺序;自然地Phraseswith“course”872.aim

n.目标,目的,瞄准v.

对...瞄准,打算Heaimedthegunattheenemyofficer.他用枪瞄准了敌军官。Thehuntertookaimatawolf.猎手瞄准了一匹狼。②withoutanydoubt;certainly.无疑地；当然地2.aim②withoutanydoubt;cer883.bepreparedtodo

准备做某事（思想上准备好了）

preparetodo

准备做某事（强调动作）

Theyarepreparedtodoit.

（准备好或愿意）

Theyarepreparingtodoit.

（正在准备）3.bepreparedtodo89

preparesth.

准备……

prepareforsth.

为……做准备

Theteacherispreparingthereviewingexercises,andthestudentsarepreparingforthefinalexamination.

老师正在准备复习用的练习,而学生们正在为期末考试做准备。preparesth.准备……904.justifyv.

证明……是正当的；为……辩护

Thecourseofeventsfullyjustifiesourviews.

事情的发展完全证明我们的意见是正确的。

Howcanyoujustifyyourrudeandfoolishbehavior?

你怎样为你粗鲁而愚蠢的行为辩护？4.justifyv.91Reading广东曾桂萍刘玉Reading广东曾桂萍刘玉92Discuss1.Howdoyouthinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented?Keptclosetotheshore,usednaturesuchasthesun,wind,birds,tide,etc,tohelpthem,andusedsomeoftheinstrumentsincludingacompass,astrolabe,etc.Discuss1.Howdoyouthinksea932.Whichdoyouthinkwaseasiertoworkout:latitudeorlongitude?Latitude,becauseitwasusedtomeasurehowfaryouhadtraveledfromlandonastraightline.Itwasdiscoveredalongtimebeforelongitude.2.Whichdoyouthinkwaseasi943.Canyouidentifytheseearlynavigationalinstrumentsseamenusedandexplainhowtheyareused?1)compass(inancientChina)2)astrolabe3)sextant4)sea/nautical/marinechart3.Canyouidentifytheseearl954.Whichonesdoyouthinkarestillusedtoday?Seachartsarestillusedtoday.4.Whichonesdoyouthinkare96Comprehending1.Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatistheuseofabearingcircle,astrolabe,quadrantorsextant?()Whatistheuseofacompass?()

A.Tosetthecourseoftheship B.TomeasurethepositionoftheshipC.Tomeasurethespeedoftheship D.TotellthetimeABComprehending1.Readthepassa972)Whyarespeedandtimeimportantinworkingoutthelongitudeofaship? Speedandtimeareimportantinfindingoutthelongitudeofashipbecausetheearthmovesfifteendegreeswestwardseveryhour.Ifyouknowyourdirection,speedandtime,youcanworkouttheapproximatelongitudeorchangeinyourpositioninrelationtothestars.2)Whyarespeedandtimeimpo983)Whyisthepositionofthesunandvariousstarsusefulforworkingoutlatitude?Thepositionofthesunandstarsareusefulforworkingoutlatitudebecausetheyarefixedpointsintheskyandtheirmovementsinrelationtotheeartharealreadyknown.Sotheycanbeusedtomeasureaship'sposition.3)Whyisthepositionofthe992.SupposeyouwereaseacaptainaimingtosailroundAfrica.Discussingroups:1)Whatskillswouldyouseekinyoursailors?2)Whatproblemswouldyouanticipateforthisjourney?2.Supposeyouwereaseacapt1003.Readthepassageagainandusetheinformationtoanalysethenavigationalskills.3.Readthepassageagainand101Usingnature1.Tofindtheship’spositionatseaasailorusedtheNorthStarandthesun.2.Asailorknewthatlandwasnearbyifhesaw_________________________________

_______________________.3.Sailorsused________________________

________toincreasetheirspeed.freshseaweed,nestingbirdsreturninghomeintheeveningorfogseacurrentsortidesandwindsUsingnature1.Tofindtheshi1024.Thereweretwomethodstofindlongitude:1)_______________________2)__________________________________

Usinginstrumentsmeasuringtimeandspeedcompassandcomplicatedmathematicaltables4.Thereweretwomethodstof1031.Howdoyouthinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented?

在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前,你认为航海员是怎样探路的?ExplanationonP111.Howdoyouthinkseamenfou104①这是一个“特殊疑问词+doyouthink…”的双重疑问句结构。除think以外believe，guess,suppose等词也可以用于此结构。Whatdoyousupposehashappenedtohim?在Ithink／believe／guess／suppose/imagine等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，否定词应该前移，即否定转移。Idon’tthinkhewillcome．Ithinkhewillnotcome．[正][误]①这是一个“特殊疑问词+doyouthink…”105②inventvt．发明，创作；虚构，杜撰AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.1876年阿历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了电话。Thewholestorywasinvented.整个故事是虚构的。

inventor

n．发明者，发明家，创造者

inventionn．发明，创造；发明物②inventvt．发明，创作；虚构，杜撰106discover：invent：Gilbert___________electricity,butEdison_________theelectriclightbulb.Who_____________America?Who_____________thecomputer?客观存在，被人发现客观没有，被人发明discoveredinventeddiscoveredinvented吉尔伯特发现了电，爱迪生发明了电灯。谁发现了美洲？谁发明了电脑？discover：客观存在，被人发现客观没有，被人发明dis1072.workout①tocalculateananswer,amount,price,orvalue计算②tothinkaboutsth.andmanagetounderstandit设法弄懂③tothinkcarefullyabouthowyouaregoingtodosth.andplanagoodwayofdoingit精心制定出，安排2.workout108eg.⑴Seeifyoucanworkoutthisbillout.⑵Theplotissocomplicatedthatit’lltakeyouawhiletoworkitout.计算弄明白eg.计算弄明白109⑶Ican’tworkoutGeoff;onedayhe’sfriendly,thenextdayheignoresmecompletely.⑷Ihaven’tworkedoutwho’sgongtolookafterthekidstonight.明白计划⑶Ican’tworkoutGeoff;one1103.latitude

Theangulardistancenorthorsouthoftheearth'sequator,measuredindegreesalongameridian,asonamaporglobe.纬度：地球赤道北或南的角距离，例如在地图或地球仪上沿着子午线用度数测量e.g.Ourpositionislatitude40degreesnorth.我们的位置是北纬40度。3.latitude1114.longitudeTheangulardistanceontheearth'ssurface,measuredeastorwestfromtheprimemeridianatGreenwich,England,tothemeridianpassingthroughaposition,expressedindegrees(orhours),minutes,andseconds.4.longitude112经线：地球表面的成角距离，从英国格林威治的本初子午线向东或向西至经过某一点的子午线计量，以度（或小时）、分和秒表示。e.g.Ourpositionislongitude116degreeseast.我们的位置是东经116度。经线：地球表面的成角距离，从英国格林威治的本初子午线向东或向1135.identify

vt.把…等同于;认出,鉴定,认为同一Iidentifiedthejacketatonce；itwasmybrother’s．Heidentifiesbeautywithgoodness．identifyoneselfwith

与……有联系,支持Hepreferrednottoidentifyhimselfwiththatgroup.5.identify114identificationn.

辨认,鉴定,证明,视为同一identityn.

同一性,身份,一致,特性,恒等式identitycard

身份证identification1151.Wemaywellwonderhowseamenexploredtheoceansbeforelatitudeandlongitudemadeitpossibletoplotaship’spositiononamap.

在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。ReadingPage1

1.Wemaywellwonderhowseam116①may/mightwell

很可能，极有可能

Theseareexcellentphotographsandwemaywellusetheminourmagazine.

这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。

Youmightwellfindthatyou’llneedmorebytheweekend.

到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。①may/mightwell很可能，极有可能117②主语+think／feel／make／consider…+it+n.／adj.+for／ofsb.todo…其中it为形式宾语，for／of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。IthinkitimportantforhimtolearnEnglishwell．我认为学好英语对他很重要。IhavemadeitclearthatIobjecttotheplan.我已经表明我反对这个计划。②主语+think／feel／make／consider…1182.Thevoyagesoftravelersbeforethe17thcenturyshowthattheywerenotatthemercyoftheseaeventhoughtheydidnothavemodernnavigationalaids.17世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。2.Thevoyagesoftravelersbe119①

voyage

n./vi.

航海,航行ThevoyagefromEnglandtoIndiausedtotakesixmonths.过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。

goon/make/takeaseavoyage去航海旅行voyagern.航行者,航海者①voyagen./vi.航海,航行120trip

指休闲或因商的短途旅行journey

指从一地出发直达目的地的长途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点之意。travel

常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，不强调具体目的地。指具体的旅行时常用复数，用单