(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课件第2部分 语法专题 专题一 第1讲　谓语动词 (含详解)

专题一

复杂多变的动词第1讲谓语动词考点分类突破考点分层演练语法链接写作考点分类突破考点一

动词的时态考点二

动词的语态考点三

主谓一致考点四

情态动词考点五

虚拟语气微小说导入

Atfirst，Jackwasn’tfondofstudyingandwasaddictedtocomputergames.Everytimehismotherwent①tohisroom，shefoundthathewasplaying②computergames.Hisfatherhadcondemned③himmanytimesbeforehewenttomiddleschool，sohepromisedthathewouldstudy④hardandquitcomputergames.ItisamazingthatJackhaschanged⑤alotinthepastthreeyears.WheneveraskedaboutJack’sperformanceatschool，hismotheralwaysanswers⑥proudly，“Hehasbeenmaking⑦

progress.”He

ismaking⑧preparationsforthecollegeentranceexams.考点一动词的时态ThereisnodoubtthatJackwillbeadmittedto⑨agoodcollegeifhekeepsworkinghardlikethis.Maybeinthenearfuturehewillbestudying⑩inakeyuniversity.注释：①是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用过去式形式。②是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在分词。③是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。④是过去将来时，结构为：would＋动词原形。⑤是现在完成时，结构为：have/has＋过去分词。⑥是一般现在时，结构为：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。⑦是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/hasbeen＋现在分词。⑧是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are＋现在分词。⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。⑩是将来进行时，结构为：will＋be＋现在分词。一、词形变化

在时态的变化中，动词的形式需要发生相应的变化。动词形式不正确已经成为英语写作中重要的扣分因素。因此，要注意在不同时态中的词形变化。重难点精析形式变化规则构成方法例词原形

see，finish，teach，touch三单一般情况直接加-slook—looks，write—writes以-ch，-sh，-s，-x结尾加-esteach—teaches，finish—finishesguess—guesses，mix—mixes以“辅音＋o”结尾加-esdo—does，go—goes以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i加-estry—tries，cry—cries过去式一般情况直接加-eddestroy—destroyed，look—looked以不发音-e结尾直接加-ddecide—decided，hope—hoped以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加-edstop—stopped，admit—admitted以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i加-edcarry—carried，try—tried现在分词一般情况直接加-inggo—going，read—reading以不发音-e结尾去e加-inghave—having，write—writing以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加-ingcut—cutting，run—running二、核心考点

高考中通常把时态和语境结合起来考查。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的有10种。1.一般现在时(1)常常表示人的习惯或经常性发生的动作。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday等。Iusuallydomyhomeworkintheeveningeveryday.我通常每天晚上做作业。(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。(3)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。2.一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，lastyear，threeyearsago，theotherday等时间状语连用。Hearrivedatschoolat9∶00amyesterday.他昨天上午九点到学校。(2)根据上下文或主从句提示。Ididn’tpasstheexam，whichmademyparentsveryangry.我没有通过考试，这让我父母很生气。3.一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定，常用will/shall＋动词原形或者is/am/aregoingtodo，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，nextweek等连用。Itissaidthathewillretirenextmonth.据说他将于下个月卸任。单句语法填空1.Thecurtainsareabouttoopen，andinafewminutestheactionanddialogue

(tell)youthestory.2.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit

(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.3.We

(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.(2021·全国甲)点对点练习1willtellishired4.现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Heisplayingbasketballontheplayground.他正在操场上打篮球。(2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。JohnaswellashissisterissettingoffforTokyotomorrowmorning.约翰和姐姐明天早上要动身去东京。(3)与always，often，constantly等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。感情色彩可褒可贬。Thegirlisalwaystalkingaloudinpublic.这个女孩总是在公共场合大声说话。5.过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。MrsGreenwaspreparinglunchateleventhismorning.格林太太今天上午11点正准备午餐。(2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。Theteachercameinwhiletheboywasreadinganovel.那个男孩正在读小说时老师进来了。

6.将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。Don’tphonemebetween5and6.We’llbehavingdinnerthen.五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃饭。单句语法填空1.She

(play)withthecellphonewhenherbosswalkedintotheoffice.2.NextFridayIwillgotoanotherconcert.They

(play)somethingbyMozartatthattime.3.—Hi，let’sgoskating.—Sorry，I’mbusyrightnow.I

(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.点对点练习2wasplayingwillbeplayingamfilling7.现在完成时(1)表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。—I’msorry，butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，Ihaven’tmademyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.——对不起，我没完全明白你的话。你是说你们打算9月20号回来吗？——对不起，我没有表达清楚。我们打算10月20号回来。(2)表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。(3)考查现在完成时，往往有较为明显的时间状语。如already，just，yet，since，for＋时间段，uptonow，untilnow，eversince，sofar，recently，lately，inthepast/lastfewyears等。IhavelearnedmorethantwohundredEnglishwordsinthepastthreehours.在过去的3小时里我已经学了200多个英语单词了。

(4)下列句型中常用现在完成时。Ithasbeen＋一段时间＋since从句This/That/Itisthefirst/second...timethat＋现在完成时This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting...＋名词＋that＋现在完成时ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemadeaspeech.这是我第一次做演讲。ItisthemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。8.过去完成时

(1)表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。常见的时间状语有by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since，后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句。Ihadputawaymycellphonebeforemyfathercameback.在我爸爸回来之前我已经把我的手机收起来了。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...等表示“一……就……”的句式中，主句常用过去完成时。当hardly，scarcely，nosooner置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。Nosoonerhadtheyrushedoutofthehousethanitburntdown.他们刚从房子里冲出来房子就烧塌了。(3)动词hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。Ihadhopedtogohomefromworkaheadoftime.我本希望提前下班回家。(但未能如愿)单句语法填空1.Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtI

(learn)theinstructor’sorders，butonceIstartedthecar，mymindwentblank.Iforgotwhathe

(say)tomealtogether.2.Beingraisedinafamilyofteachers，I

(get)plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.3.I

(expect)togetthefirstprizeinthecontestbuttheresultmademedisappointed.点对点练习3hadlearnedhadsaidhadexpectedhavegot9.过去将来时(1)表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。Shesaidshewouldretirethenextyear.她说她明年就退休了。Iwonderedwhatmysonwouldsaythenextmoment.我想知道儿子紧接着会说什么。(2)三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构：was/weregoingto＋动词原形；was/wereto＋动词原形；was/wereaboutto＋动词原形。Hetoldmehewastogetmarriedthenextweek.他告诉我他下周结婚。Shewasabouttosaysomethingmore，andthencheckedherself.她还想说几句，接着又克制住了自己。10.现在完成进行时(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.这些年来，他们一直向我们杂志投稿。(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我们常常见面。单句语法填空1.—WhereisPeter?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand

(write)hisessaythereeversince.2.AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild，fewpeopleguessedthathe

(be)afamousscientistwhosetheories

(change)theworld.点对点练习4hasbeenwritingwouldbewouldchange返回微小说导入XiaoMing’sCellphoneXiaoMing’scellphonewasbroken①.Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimwhilethecellphonewasbeingrepaired②.Iwantedtoinformhimthathehadbeenadmitted③bythebasketballclub.Cellphonesarewidelyused④

nowadays.Itseemsthattheyarebeingused⑤sofrequentlythatpeoplehavebeencontrolled⑥bythem.Someonethinksthatcellphonesshouldberestricted⑦onsomeoccasions.微小说导入考点二动词的语态XiaoMing’scellphonewillberepaired⑧wellsoon.MaybebynextSundaythecellphonewillhavebeenbrought⑨homeandwillbebeingused⑩again.注释：①是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为：was/were＋过去分词。②是过去进行时的被动语态，结构为：was/were＋being＋过去分词。③是过去完成时的被动语态，结构为：hadbeen＋过去分词。④是一般现在时的被动语态，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。⑤是现在进行时的被动语态，结构为：is/am/are＋being＋过去分词。⑥是现在完成时的被动语态，结构为：have/hasbeen＋过去分词。⑦是带情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。⑧是一般将来时的被动语态，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。⑨是将来完成时的被动语态，结构为：will＋havebeen＋过去分词。⑩是将来进行时的被动语态，结构为：will＋bebeing＋过去分词。1.不及物动词及动词短语没有被动语态，如happen，occur，takeplace，breakout，spread等。Anaccidenthappenedontheroadlastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。Abigfirebrokeoutinthearealastweek.上周那个地区发生了一场大火。重难点精析2.被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介/副词。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.夏天不应该种树。Themanwasmadefunofbyhispartner.这个人被他的伙伴取笑了。3.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动结构表示，构成“Itbe＋done...”形式。如：Itis/wassaid/reportedthat...据说/据报道……Itis/waswellknownthat...众所周知……Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...人们必须承认……Itis/wasgenerallyconsidered/supposed/hoped/believedthat...人们普遍认为/希望/相信……Itisgenerallyconsideredthatthekeytolearningaforeignlanguagewellisnothingbutpractice.人们普遍认为学好一门外语的关键就是练习。Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.据报告，近两日气温将明显下降。4.下面的主动形式常表示被动意义。如：(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn’tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。Yourideasoundswonderfulbutitisn’tpractical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。(2)want/need/require/beworthdoingThewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.这扇窗户需要修理。Themovieisworthseeing.这部电影值得一看。(3)wash/sell/write/read/clean＋adv.(well，easily，smoothly)Hernewbookwasveryinterestingandsoldwell.她的新书很有趣并且卖得很好。Nyloncleanseasily.尼龙容易清洗。单句语法填空1.Mary’sniecewrote，“Thelittlehome

(paint)white.”(2021·浙江6月)2.Mywashingmachine

(repair)thisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.3.Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，___________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.4.Ifyouleavetheclub，you

(not，allow)backin.点对点练习waspaintedisbeingrepairedisregardedwon’tbeallowed单句语法填空1.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit

(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)2.Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac，butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield，Illinois，_________________(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.(2021·浙江6月)对接高考技法指导解题策略washasproven/proved3.Currently，about35,000works

(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre，anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.(2021·天津3月)4.I

(walk)acrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhenacyclistwentroundmeandonbeingaskedwhathewasdoingheshoutedatme.(2015·湖南)arebeingdisplayedwaswalking1.掌握独特的时间状语标志(1)题干中如有always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般现在时。(2)题干中如有yesterday，lastnight，afewdaysago，theotherday，then等，用一般过去时。(3)题干中如有tomorrow，nextyear，inaweek等，用一般将来时。(4)题干中如有now，atpresent，currently等，用现在进行时。(5)题干中如有atthattime，atsixo’clockyesterday等，用过去进行时。技法指导(6)题干中如有atthistimetomorrow，from1o’clockto3o’clocktomorrow等，用将来进行时。(7)题干中如有since，sofar，uptonow，in/over/duringthelastyear/pastfewyears等，用现在完成时。2.熟记固定句型中的时态(1)bedoing...when...，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。续上页(2)Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。3.分清主动被动，辨析语态看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到用被动语态。续上页返回考点三主谓一致微小说导入1.语法一致原则

Ilive①inBeijing，whilemygirlfriendlives①inShanghai，andwehaven’t①seeneachotherforalongtime.Toseehereverydayis②mydream.WhatIwanttodois③giveupmypresentjobandworkinhercity.However，allmyrelativesexceptmyuncleobjectto④myidea.Someone

tells⑤methatitisnotworthwhiletogiveupmyjob，whichbrings⑥me10,000yuaneverymonth.Manyapersonthinks⑦itnotwisetoleavethecityIamlivingin.注释：该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式则谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式则谓语动词用复数形式：①根据主语的人称和数，来确定谓语动词的单复数。②主语是不定式或动名词短语，谓语动词用单数。③主语是从句，谓语动词一般用单数。④主语后面跟有with，togetherwith，except，but，aswellas，ratherthan，besides，including等短语时，谓语动词跟这些短语前面的主语一致。⑤主语为someone，anyone，everyone等不定代词时，谓语动词往往用单数。⑥定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。⑦“manya/morethanone＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语前有each，every，no修饰时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。2.意义一致原则Ihavebeenonadietforfourmonths.Fourmonthsis①notashorttime.Thoughalargenumberofpeopledon’t②understandme，themajorityofpeoplearoundmesupport③

me.Theoldconsider④itunwisetogoonadiet，buttheyoungadmire④

me.Atfirstmyfamilywere⑤worriedaboutme，butnowtheythinkIcanchoosetodothisaslongasitdoesn’tharmmyhealth.注释：①表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。②“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。③themajorityof，therestof，分数/百分数＋of＋名词，要根据名词的数或者是否可数来确定谓语动词的数。④“the＋adj.”往往表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。⑤family，group，team，class，government等集体名词，当表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。3.就近一致原则

Thereare①manygirlshavingatasteforsweetfood，butneithermysisternorIam②interestedincandies.注释：①在therebe，herebe结构中，若有几个并列成分作主语，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词的单复数要与离它最近的主语保持一致。②or，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词的单复数要与离它最近的主语保持一致。1.用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事物，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。如：Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两个物体)注意：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：breadandbutter(黄油抹面包)，knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。重难点精析2.若主语中有morethanone或manya/an，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。

但more＋复数名词＋thanone作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数。如：Morethanonestudentwaslate.不止一个学生迟到。Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一个人来帮助我们。3.“形复意单”名词如：news；以-ics

结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，economics；国名如：theUnitedStates；报纸名如：the

New

Times；书名如：Arabian

Nights(《天方夜谭》)；以及theUnitedNations(联合国)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。单句语法填空1.Theteacherandpoetoften

(give)lecturesaroundthecity.2.IthinkTom，ratherthanyou

(be)toblamefortheincident；thatistosay，youareinnocent.3.NobodybutJimandMike

(be)ontheplaygroundnow.4.AsfarasIknow，hisfamily

notverylargebutthefamily

allmusiclovers.(be)点对点练习givesisisisare5.Thepoor

(be)lookeddownuponintheolddays.6.NeitherhisparentsnorI

(be)abletopersuadehimtochangehismind.7.Listeningtoloudmusicandrockconcerts

(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagerssofar.8.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeassheistheonlyoneofthewomenwho

(wear)eveningdress.wereamhascausedwears单句语法填空1.TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.It

(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).(2021·全国甲)2.GoingtoMountHuangshan

(remind)meofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)对接高考技法指导解题策略wasbuiltreminds3.Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25

(consider)healthy.(2021·浙江1月)4.Often，onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection

(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)isconsideredis1.找准句子中的主语，看主语是单数还是复数。2.牢记特殊用法的结构，用对谓语动词的数。3.注意结合时态和语态。技法指导返回考点四情态动词微剧情导入1.can/couldMary—M

Nancy—NM：Can①youpronouncethisword?N：Sorry，Ican’t①.M：Can/Could②Iuseyourdictionary?N：Ofcourseyoucan③，butwaitaminute.Whereismydictionary?M：Can④itbeinyourdormitory?N：No，itcan’t④

be.Ineverstudyinmydormitory.M：Couldyouhavelent⑤ittoyourdeskmate?N：No，mydeskmate

couldn’thaveborrowed⑤adictionarybecausehehatesEnglish.ItmightbeinJane’sdesk，butIcan’t⑥touchherbookswithoutpermission.M：Anorganizedpersoncan⑦forgetthings.注释：can/could的意义及用法①can表能力，意为“能够”。②can表请求，could表示委婉语气。③can表许可。④can/can’t表推测，意为“可能/不可能”，常用于疑问句或否定句。⑤couldsb.havedone...？意为“某人做过某事吗？”，couldn’thavedone意为“不可能做过某事”，表示对过去的推测，用于疑问句或否定句。⑥can’t表示客观条件不允许。⑦can表示客观上存在这种可能性但不一定发生。2.may/mightMike—M

Teacher—TM：May/Might①Icomein?T：Yes，youmay②.You’realmostlate，andwhereisyourdeskmate?M：Hmm，Idon’tknow.He

may/might③beonthewaytoschool.T：Hemight③be；thatis，hemightnot③beonhiswaytoschool.Mike，youmayaswell④tellmethetruth.Whyhasn’thecomeyet?M：Hemighthavestayed⑤uplatelastnight，andhemightnothaveset⑤thealarmclock.注释：may/might的意义及用法①表示请求。②表示许可，不用might。③表示对现在的猜测，might表示语气更不肯定。④mayaswell“还是……好”。⑤mighthavedone表示对过去的猜测，意为“可能做了某事”。mightnothavedone意为“可能没做某事”，常用于疑问句或否定句。3.mustJane—J

Mother—MJ：Mom，must①Itakethismedicine?M：Yes，youmust①.J：Must①Itakeitrightnow?M：No，youneedn’t②.Youcantakeitlater.J：Butitmustbe③bitter.M：I’vetoldyoutowearyourcoat，butyoumust④wearyourT-shirt.Besides，youmusthaveplayed⑤outdoors.You

mustn’t⑥doitagain.注释：must的意义及用法①must表必须，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn’t。③mustbe表示对现在的推测，只用于肯定句。④must表示“非要，偏偏”。⑤musthavedone表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。⑥mustn’t表示禁止，不表示推测。4.shouldBoss—B

Jane—J

Steven—SB：It’sninenowandeveryoneshould①behere.WhereisSteven?Heshouldhavearrived②tenminutesago.J：Reallystrange，Ican’timagineMrPunctualshould③belateforwork.B：Herehecomes.Whyareyoulate，Steven?S：I’mterriblysorry，sir.I

shouldn’thavedrunk②toomuchcoffeelastnight.Ikeptmyeyesopenuntilfouro’clockinthemorning.B：Apersonlikeyoushouldn’tdrink④toomuchcoffee，teaeither.S：Yes，Ioughttobepunctualasusual.注释：should的意义及用法①表示推测，意为“按理说应当”。②shouldhavedone意为“本应做而没做”，shouldn’thavedone表示“本不应做却做了”，含有虚拟的意味。③表示“竟然”。④should(not)dosth.＝ought(not)todosth.(不)应该做某事。5.shallMan—M

Woman—WM：Hi，whereareyougoing?W：Ishall①gotoNewYork.M：Metoo！Oh，yoursuitcaseisheavy.Shall②Icarryitforyou，Miss？(carrying

the

suitcase

to

the

woman’s

seat

and

sitting

beside

the

woman)W：Thankyouforhelpingme，butit’srequiredthateveryoneshall③sitonhisownseat.M：Itdoesn’tmatter.W：Stayawayfromme，orIwillcallthepolice.You

shall④besorryforwhatyoudo.Sir，Ineedyourhelp.(waving

to

a

policeman)注释：shall的意义及用法①用于第一人称，表示将要做某事。②用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示请求。③用于第三人称肯定句，表示按照正式的规定要做的事。④用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。6.need/dareMike—M

Jack—JM：Doyoudaretotake①yourcellphonetotheexaminationroom?J：No，Idarenotdo②that；Ineedn’tdo③that，either.M：Youstudywell，soyoudon’tneedtocheat④.Iamdifferent.J：Stopthinkingaboutcheating，andyoucan’tgetawaywithit.You

needto⑤studyhard.Nopains，nogains.注释：need/dare的意义及用法•dare和need用作情态动词时，没有人称和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句。疑问句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加not，如用法②和③。•dare和need用作实义动词时，有人称和时态的变化，常用于肯定句中。如果用于疑问句和否定句，需要加助动词do/does，且其后要加(to)do，如用法①④⑤。•其用法简单总结为：有助有to，无助无to。7.will/wouldTom—T

Mary—MM：Howaboutthenewwatch?T：Iwill①neveruseitanymore.Itjustwon’t②givethecorrecttime.M：Hush！Grandmaissleeping.She

will③haveanapatthistimethesedays.T：Atnineo’clockinthemorning？Shewould/usedto④haveanapintheafternoon.M：Thephoneisringing，butIambusywithmywork.T：Okay，Iwill⑤answerit.注释：will/would的意义及用法①表示意愿。②表示事物的属性。③表示人现在的习惯，意为“常常做某事”。④would/usedto表示过去的习惯。⑤表示意愿，意志。1.用于固定习语中：can’t/cannever...too/enough(无论……也不过分；越……越好)Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhencrossingabusystreet.＝Youcan’tbecarefulenoughwhencrossingabusystreet.你横穿繁忙的街道的时候，再怎么小心都不为过/越小心越好。重难点精析2.情态动词＋havedone对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测(1)musthavedonesth.“(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句中(2)may(might)havedonesth.“(过去)可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句中(3)can(could)nothavedonesth.“(过去)不可能做某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定表示“与过去事实相反”(1)couldhavedonesth.(过去)本可以做某事但实际上没做(2)needn’thavedonesth.(过去)本不必做某事但实际上做了(3)oughtto/shouldhavedonesth.(过去)本应该做某事但实际上没做(4)oughtn’tto/shouldn’thavedonesth.(过去)本不应该做某事但实际上做了(5)mighthavedonesth.(过去)可能做某事但实际上没做用适当的情态动词填空(必要时加not)1.—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.He

come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.2.I

thankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.3.He

beourmanager.OurmanagerhasgonetoBeijing.mightnot点对点练习can’tcan’t4.You

havedonebetter，butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.5.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She

havespokenatthemeeting.6.Everyonepresentwillnotbelievesuchagentleman

dothat.7.You

playwiththeknife，oryoumayhurtyourself.8.You

bepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.9.It

haverainedlastnight，fortheroadisquitemuddy.10.I

havetakentheumbrella，fortheweatherisfine.couldcouldn’tshouldmustn’tshallmustneedn’t返回考点五虚拟语气微剧情导入1.wish/wouldrather/asif/ifonlyMrZhang—Z

MrWang—W(Beside

the

river，Mr

Zhang

and

Mr

Wang

are

quivering

asiftheywere①

in

cold

winter.)Z：IwishIhad①somethinghottodrink.W：IwouldratherIhadn’tinvited②youtogoout.Z：Howbigafish!IfonlyIhadcaught②it.W：Ifonlyyouhadn’tfallen②intotheriver！Ifonlywehad①dryclothesnow!NowIwishyourwifewouldn’tblame③thisonme.注释：asif好像，wish希望，wouldrather宁可，ifonly要是……就好了，这四个词语后的从句往往用虚拟语气。①对现在的虚拟，从句谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)。②对过去的虚拟，从句谓语用had＋过去分词。③对将来的虚拟，从句谓语用would/could/might/should＋动词原形。2.条件状语从句中的虚拟语气MrZhang—Z

Wife—W(in

the

hospital)Z：Whatfineweather!IfIwerenotill，Iwouldgofishing.①W：Ifyouhadn’tgonefishingyesterday，youwouldn’thavecaughtacold.②Z：Iwouldhavestayedathome，butMrWanginvitedmetogo.③Hetoldmetohurry，otherwiseIwouldn’thaveforgottentowearwarmcoats.④W：IsitallMrWang’sfault?Butfor/WithoutMrWang，youwouldhavebeendrowned.⑤Z：Haditnotbeenforthebigfish，Iwouldn’thavefallenintotheriver.⑥I’dcatchitifIshouldrecovertomorrow.⑦注释：•①②⑦为if条件句中的虚拟语气，有以下三种情况：对现在的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/were...，主语＋would/could/should/mightdo...对过去的虚拟：If＋主语＋haddone...，主语＋would/could/should/mighthavedone...对将来的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/should/weretodo...，主语＋would/could/should/mightdo...•⑥为if虚拟条件句的省略与倒装，结构为：Had＋主语＋done，主语＋would/could/mighthavedone...Were＋主语＋todo/Should＋主语＋do，主语＋woulddo...•③④⑤为含蓄虚拟语气，结构如下：主语＋wouldhavedone...，but过去的事实主语＋woulddo...，but现在的事实Without/Butfor＋n.，主语＋woulddo(与现在相反)Without/Butfor＋n.，主语＋wouldhavedone(与过去相反)现在的事实，otherwise＋主语＋woulddo过去的事实，otherwise＋主语＋wouldhavedone3.名词性从句和定语从句中的虚拟语气

Yesterday，Mikeinsistedthathehadn’tcheatedintheexamwiththecellphoneandthathe(should)notbe

punished.①Theteacherorderedthathe(should)takeoutthecellphoneandcommandedthathe(should)phonehisparentsrightnow.①Mikerequestedthattheteacher(should)notcallhisparents.①Hedemandedthattheteacher(should)givehimanotherchance.①Theteachersaiditwasrequiredthatstudents(should)nottakecellphonestoschool.②Hersuggestion/advicewasthatMike(should)studyhardinsteadofcheatingintheexams.③Itishightimethatheprepared/shouldprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination.④注释：•某些特定的动词之后的宾语从句常用含有should的虚拟语气。如①，这类动词包括“一坚持”(insist)，“二命令”(order/command)，“三要求”(require/request/demand)，“四建议”(suggest/advise/recommend/propose)。•上述动词用于Itis/was＋过去分词＋that从句时，从句使用带should的虚拟语气，如②。•上述动词的名词形式如requirement，suggestion等，其后的表语从句或同位语从句也用含有should的虚拟语气，如③。•Itis(high/about)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.也是常见的虚拟语气形式，如④。4.Itis/was＋adj.＋thatsb.(should)do...和Itis/was＋n.＋thatsb.(should)do...Englishteacher：Itisimportant/essential/necessarythatyoushouldlearnEnglishwell.Student：Why？AsaChinese，IthinkitisstrangethatIshouldlearnEnglishwell.注释：在Itis/was＋形容词(important，essential，necessary，strange，natural，etc.)＋that引导的主语从句和Itis/was＋名词(apity，arule，ashame，asurprise，etc.)＋that引导的主语从句中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。1.当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。(1)Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。(2)Theoldmaninsistedthathewasnotillandthatheshouldnotbesenttohospital.这位老人坚持说他没有病，坚持认为他不应该被送到医院。重难点精析2.错综时间条件句当从句、主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所在的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteacheryesterday，youwouldn’tsuffersomuchnow.如果你昨天听老师的，你现在就不会受这么多苦。单句语法填空1.TheAntarcticaissomysteriouslydescribedbysomepeople.IfonlyI___

(be)therebefore!2.Ouronlyrequestisthatthis

(settle)assoonaspossible.3.Ibelievehemusthavehadanaccident；otherwisehe_______________

(arrive)ontime.点对点练习hadbeen(should)besettledwouldhavearrived4.Ifit