(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课件第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists (含详解)

Unit1ScienceandScientists基础知识排查核心考点突破写作能力提升基础知识排查1.cholera

n.霍乱2.diarrhoea

n.腹泻3.dehydration

n.脱水4.contradictory

adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的5.germ

n.微生物；细菌；病菌6.pump

n.泵；抽水机；打气筒7.waterpump 水泵Ⅰ.认阅读单词词汇句型[单元词汇要记牢]知识速记8.household

n.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人9.raw

adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的10.statistic

n.[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学11.epidemiology

n.流行病学12.microscope

n.显微镜13.protein

n.蛋白质14.cell

n.细胞；小房间；单间牢房15.virus

n.病毒16.framework

n.框架；结构17.theoreticalframework 理论框架18.rainbow

n.彩虹19.concrete

n.混凝土

adj.混凝土制的；确实的；

具体的20.plasma

n.血浆21.vaccine

n.疫苗22.aerospace

n.航空航天工业23.patriotic

adj.爱国的24.mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的25.mechanic

n.机械师；机械修理工26.aviation

n.航空制造业；航空；飞行27.jet

n.喷气式飞机28.missile

n.导弹29.astronomer

n.天文学家30.astronomy

n.天文学31.telescope

n.望远镜32.QueenVictoria 维多利亚女王(英国女王)33.Cambridge 剑桥(英国城市)34.non-Newtonianfluid 非牛顿流体35.StephenHawking 史蒂芬·霍金(英国物理学家)Ⅱ.记重点单词1.severe

adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2.subscribe

vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)3.suspect

vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任

n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4.blame

vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责

n.责备；指责5.handle

n.把手；拉手；柄

vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)；

(用手)触碰6.link

n.联系；纽带

vt.把……连接起来；相关联7.decrease

n.减少；降低；减少量

vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低8.transform

vt.使改观；使改变形态

vi.改变；转变9.thinking

n.思想；思维；见解10.finding

n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决11.initial

adj.最初的；开始的；第一的12.solid

adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的

n.固体13.cast

vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容

等)；投掷14.shadow

n.阴影；影子；背光处15.pour

vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)16.leadership

n.领导；领导地位；领导才能17.trace

vt.追溯；追踪；查出

n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹18.outstanding

adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的19.abstract

adj.抽象的；理性的

n.(文献等的)摘要20.concept

n.概念；观念21.besides

prep.除……之外(还)

adv.而且；此外22.brilliant

adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的23.furthermore

adv.此外；再者24.fault

n.弱点；过错25.shift

n.改变；转换；轮班

vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向Ⅲ.知拓展单词1.frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的

→frustratevt.使懊恼；使沮丧

→frustrationn.沮丧；懊恼；挫败2.infectionn.感染；传染

→infectvt.使感染；传染

→infectiousadj.感染的；传染的3.proofn.证据；证明；检验

→provevt.证明

link

v.证明是4.multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的

→multiplyvi.&vt.乘；繁殖5.interventionn.介入；出面；干涉

→intervenevi.干扰；介入6.pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的

→purelyadv.完全地；纯粹地

→purifyvt.净化；使……洁净7.substantialadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的

→substancen.物质；物品；事实基础；根据8.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解

→defense/defence

n.防御；保卫；保护9.assistantn.助理；助手

→assistvt.&vi.帮助；协助

→assistancen.帮助；协助；援助10.giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的

→giftn.礼物；天赋11.steadyadj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的

→steadilyadv.稳定地；持续地12.vividadj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的

→vividlyadv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地Ⅳ.背核心短语1.onceandforall 最终地；彻底地2.subscribeto 同意；赞同3.thanksto 幸亏；由于4.breakout (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开

始；爆发5.inchargeof 主管；掌管6.comedown 患(病)；染上(小病)7.aboveall 最重要的是；尤其是8.diefrom 死于9.intime 及时；迟早10.belikelytodosth.

很可能做某事[增加词汇来助力]1.idiom

n.习语；成语2.ignore

vt.忽视3.illegal

adj.非法的；不合法的4.immediately

adv.立即

5.immigration

n.移民

6.import vt.&n.进口；输入

7.impression

n.印象；感觉

8.incorrect

adj.不正确的；错误的

词汇句型[经典句式需悟通]1.Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.(until引导的时间状语从句)在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。2.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.(so...that...)他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。词汇句型3.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(that引导的宾语从句)斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。4.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(Itseemedthat...似乎……)该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。5.Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(havesth.done)因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。6.Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchair，unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.(形容词短语作状语)大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。Sincethesevere

COVID-19brokeout，manypeopleallovertheworldhavebeeninfected.Chinese

outstanding，giftedandpatrioticspecialistsinepidemiologyandtheirassistantshavebeen1.___________

tracingthesourceofthevirusinordertodefendmorepeoplefrombeingkilled.Theydesiredtoproducevaccineto2.

thedeadlydiseaseonceandforall.Initially，withconcreteproofcollected，请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。blame，inchargeof，link，comedown，handle，decreaseinchargeof词汇串记语境填词handletheysuspectedthatwildbatswereto3.

.Butbyobservingtheviruswithmicroscopes，theygatheredsolidandmultiplestatisticsandmasteredtheframeworkofthevirus，whichgraduallytransformedtheirinitialthinking.Allthefindingsmadethemsubscribetotheideathattheviruswasnotdirectly4.

tothebats，whichmadethebrilliantexpertsfrustrated.Thisalsocastashadowontheexperts，sotheyhadtoshifttowardshowtopreventthevirusfromspreadingamongpeople.Aboveall，thelesswegoout，thelesslikelywewill5.____________withthedeadlydisease.

linkedblamecomedownblame，inchargeof，link，comedown，handle，decreaseFurthermore，takinginmoreproteinandeatingmorevegetablesaregoodchoicesaswell.Lastbutnotleast，whatweshoulddoisthatwemustwearmasksoutdoors.Thankstotheseinterventions，thethreatofCOVID-19inChinasawasubstantial

6.

.Whatwehaveexperiencedhastaughtustoleadahealthylifesuchasdrinkingpureorboiledwaterandavoidraw

foods.Inconclusion，underourmotherland’sleadership，wehaveachievedsteadysuccess，tearsofhappinesspouringdownourcheeks.decrease返回blame，inchargeof，link，comedown，handle，decrease0533.0核心考点突破提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇(1)Furthermore，thebossblamedthemistake

hisassistant.(2)I’mnotgoingtositaroundandtake

blameforamistakehemade.•

betoblame(forsth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备

blamesb.forsth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人

blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事•

taketheblame承担过错vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责

n.指责；责备1blameonthe(3)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(话题写作之人际交往)Whengettingalongwithothers，weshouldn’talways_________________________.Afterall，manytimes

.Soinsteadof

，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.blameothersformistakeswearealsotoblameblamingothers•

defend...against/from(doing...)保护……免受……

defendoneself自卫；为自己辩护•

indefence(of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护inone’sdefence为某人辩护vt.保卫；防守；辩解

[defenc(s)en.防御；保卫；保护]2defend(1)Thelawallowspeopletodefendthemselves

acharge.(2)Theassistantsteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasif

defence.from/againstin(3)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)①Seeingthefiercesnake，_____________________________________.(defend)②Seeingthefiercesnake，______________________________________.(defence)herushedtodefendhissonlikeanarrowherushedindefenceofhissonlikeanarrowcomeacross(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解comeabout发生(无被动形式)comeon加油；到来；得了吧comeout出版；结果是；(花)开放comeup走近；上来；被提出comeupwith提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)whenitcomesto...当谈及……染上；得了(……病)；患(病)3comedown(with...)cameaboutcamedownwithcameoutWhenitcomestocomeacrosscomeupcomeupwithComeonafterall毕竟；终究firstofall首先；第一allinall整体说来；总而言之inall全部；合计atall(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟最重要的是；首先；尤其是4aboveall用all的相关短语填空(1)TheuniversityIrecommendtoyouisBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.

，you’dbetterlearnsomebasicChinesebeforeyoucome.

，youwillbeundercompletelyunfamiliarcircumstances.

，studyingforadegreeinadifferentcultureisnoteasy

.(应用文写作之推荐信)(2)Thankstoyourtimelyandgeneroushelp，Imanagedtohandlethefourproblems

.Firstofall/AboveallAfterallAllinallatallinallCholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。5until引导的时间状语从句•

画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性

的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，

则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。•

倒装结构：部分倒装“Notuntil＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词

＋主语＋谓语动词”。•

强调结构：Itis/wasnotuntil＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。(1)我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。(2021·6月浙江，读后续写)

tohelpmyfatherbuyanewtractor.IwouldkeepworkingonthefarmuntilIearnedenoughmoney(2)直到我经历了这场事故，我才意识到坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)①Iwasn’tawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened

.(not...until)②

badfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(倒装句)③

badfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(强调句)untilIexperiencedtheaccidentNotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentwasIawarethatItwasnotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentthatIwasawarethatso/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。•

so...that...句型的常见形式：so＋adj./adv.＋that...so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...•

such...that...句型的常见形式：

such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...

such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...•

当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。6so...that...(1)Itisnormalfor

littleboystoeat

littlefood，sodon’tblamethem.(2)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)①Hewas

hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.②

hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.(用倒装句改写)(3)你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)

，soIamspeciallywritingtocongratulateyou.suchsosonervousthatSonervouswashethatYouhavemadesuchgreatprogresshavesth.done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事havesb.dosth.让某人做某事havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can’thavesb.doingsth.不能容忍某人做某事havesth.todo有某事要做Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。7havesth.done(1)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Webegantohelppickpeachesandthen______________________________________________.(2)我们班主任不能容忍我们浪费时间。即使我们已完成作业，他也总是让我们阅读经典来开阔我们的视野。Ourheadteacher

.Evenifwehavefinishedourhomework，healways________________________________________.hadthemdeliveredtothefarmers’housescan’thaveuswastingourtimehasusreadclassicstowidenourhorizons(3)我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)Iamterriblysorryfor

，because

justnow.havingyouwaitingformeforsolongIhadanurgentthingtoattendto(1)Don’thandlethevaseasifitweremadeofsteel.

(2)Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.

(3)TeainChinawastraditionallydrunkfromcupswithouthandles.

(4)Wemustlearntohandleconflictscalmlyandwisely.

________________基础达标巩固落实提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1.handleA.vt.处理B.v.操纵C.n.把手D.vt.(用手)触、碰、拿DCBA2.subscribeA.订阅B.赞成；同意C.捐助(1)Hesubscribestotheviewthatwecantacklethesevereprobleminthiswayonceandforall.

(2)Thisistheschooltheoutstandingandpatrioticscientistsubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.

(3)UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday，Ihavesubscribedtomultiplemagazinesrecently.

____________BCA3.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加颜色词汇的汉语意思(1)Theresearchlackssolidproof，andtherefore，itsconclusionsaredoubtful.(2)It’smyturntobeonthenightshift.(3)Hereadthroughthepapersandmadeanabstractoftheircontents.________可靠的轮班摘要1.Tabletennisis

aninterestinggamethatpeopleallovertheworldplayit.2.Ihavetosay

hisdefencebecausehe，anhonestman，won’tstealanythinginthegrocerystore.3.Inreality，themechanicmadeaseveremistake，

(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)4.Itwasthe

(gift)girlthatcameupwithsuchagoodidea.5.IwasovercomewithsadnessbecauseI

(suspect)ofstealinghismoney.Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识suchinshiftinggiftedwassuspected6.Heconstantlyfindsfault

me，butIwon’tyieldtohim.7.Theoutstandingastronomerwhodevotedhimselftohiscareercamedown

asevereillness.8.Ientirelybelievethatyouarenotlinked

whathadhappenedjustnow.9.Iconvincedthemtosubscribe

myplan，butlatertheychangedtheirminds.10.Inasense，weshouldblamethepresentterribleenvironment____human’soverconsumption.withwithto/withtoon返回0533.0写作能力提升道歉信——丢失词典1.我非常抱歉，在回家的路上弄丢了你的词典。(havesth.done)______________________________________________________________2.我是如此羞愧，以至于我晚上都睡不好。(so...that的倒装句)______________________________________________________________3.直到我把词典找回来，我才会感觉舒服。(not...until的强调句型)____________________________________________________________