CCNA培训课件：7 动态路由选择协议RIP

动态路由协议RIPSPOTOKMS动态路由协议路由协议的分类静态路由由管理员根据数据访问需求手工在每台设备上进行添加和维护动态路由路由器自动进行路由信息的更新和同步，并且当网络拓扑变更时，能够自动收敛R1#showiproute2.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsO

2.2.2.0[110/65]via9.9.12.2,00:00:02,Serial0/09.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsC9.9.12.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0动态路由协议动态路由协议的分类距离矢量路由选择协议距离矢量的定义使用距离矢量路由协议的路由器并不了解到达目的网络的整条路径。该路由器只知道：自身与目的网络之间的距离应该往哪个方向或使用哪个接口转发数据包R1R2S0S1E02.2.2.0/24对于R1来说到2.2.2.0/24有一跳（距离）通过R2可以到达（方向）距离矢量路由选择协议距离矢量的特点：周期性地更新（广播）整张路由表CDBACBADRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableDistance—Howfar

Vector—Inwhichdirection距离矢量路由选择协议路由器初始启动最初的网络发现：直连网络写入路由表B10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S00RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S10RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E00距离矢量路由选择协议初次路由信息交换B10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S01RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S1010.4.0.0S1110.1.0.0S01RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E0010.2.0.0S01距离矢量路由选择协议收敛完成B10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S0110.4.0.0S02RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S1010.4.0.0S1110.1.0.0S01RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0110.1.0.0S02距离矢量路由选择协议路由器收敛完成当所有路由表包含相同网络信息路由器继续交换路由信息当无新信息时收敛结束网络在达到收敛前无法完全正常工作距离矢量路由选择协议Metric度量值RIP以跳数作为metricBDCAE56K56K1G1G1G2跳距离矢量路由选择协议Metric度量值RIP度量值的查看C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0R192.168.23.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:08,Serial0/0R1#showiprouteMetric=1跳S0/0192.168.12.1/24R2S0/0192.168.12.2/24S0/1192.168.23.2/24S0/0192.168.23.3/24R3R1距离矢量路由选择协议管理距离（AD值）R1R3R2R1.0网段2跳RIP通告的路由O1.0网段代价20OSPF通告的路由距离矢量路由选择协议管理距离（AD值）RoutingProtocolsAD备注直连接口0

关联出接口的静态路由1Metric=0关联下一跳的静态路由1Metric=0EIGRP汇总路由5

外部BGP20

内部EIGRP90

IGRP100

OSPF110

RIPv1、v2120

外部EIGRP170

内部BGP200

距离矢量路由选择协议依照传闻的更新（广播、更新路由表）逐跳更新AB拓扑变化触发路由更新更新本地路由表发送更新后的路由信息更新本地路由表环路避免环路的产生B10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S0110.4.0.0S02RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S1010.4.0.0S1110.1.0.0S01RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E0DOWN10.2.0.0S0110.1.0.0S02环路避免环路的产生B10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S0110.4.0.0S02RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S1010.4.0.0S1110.1.0.0S01RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0S0210.2.0.0S0110.1.0.0S02update环路避免环路的产生B10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S0110.4.0.0S04RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S1010.4.0.0S1310.1.0.0S01RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0S0210.2.0.0S0110.1.0.0S02updateupdate环路避免环路的产生B10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S0110.4.0.0S06RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S1010.4.0.0S1510.1.0.0S01RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0S0410.2.0.0S0110.1.0.0S02updateupdate距离矢量路由选择协议目前有多种机制可以消除路由环路。这些机制包括：定义最大度量以防止计数至无穷大水平分割抑制计时器路由毒化或毒性反转触发更新环路避免定义最大跳数（16跳为不可达）B10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S0110.4.0.0S016RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S1010.4.0.0S11610.1.0.0S01RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0S01610.2.0.0S0110.1.0.0S02updateupdate环路避免水平分割SplitHorizonB10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S0110.4.0.0S02RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S1010.4.0.0S1110.1.0.0S01RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0S0010.2.0.0S0110.1.0.0S02updateupdate环路避免路由中毒RoutePoisoningB10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S0110.4.0.0S02RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S1010.4.0.0S1110.1.0.0S01RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0S0Infinity10.2.0.0S0110.1.0.0S0210.4.0.0

inaccessible16跳环路避免毒性反转PoisonReverseB10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S0110.4.0.0S02RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0010.3.0.0S1010.4.0.0S1Possibly

Down10.1.0.0S01RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0S0Infinity10.2.0.0S0110.1.0.0S02Poison

Reverse环路避免抑制计时器Hold-DownTimers为正在重新收敛的网络增加了应变能力引入了某种程度的怀疑量B10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E010.4.0.0DOWNUpdateafterhold-downTimeUpdateafterhold-downTime环路避免触发更新TriggeredUpdates拓扑发生变更时，路由器立即发送更新消息，而不等更新计时器超时B10.1.0.0CA10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E010.4.0.0DOWN10.4.0.0DOWNRIP的配置RIP协议概述RIP（Routing

Information

Protocols，路由信息协议），是应用较早、使用较普遍的内部网关协议(InteriorGatewayProtocol,简称IGP)，适用于小型同类网络，是典型的距离矢量协议。RIP是基于UDP，端口520的应用层协议。管理性距离：120RIP的配置配置RIPRouter(config)#routerripRouter(config-router)#networknetwork-number启动RIP路由选择进程宣告指定的直连网络（接口）RIP的配置配置RIProuterripnetwork1.0.0.0network192.168.12.0R21.1.1.1/24R3R1192.168.12.0/24192.168.23.0/243.3.3.3/24E