Unit4ListeningandSpeaking课件-高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册VIP

!Period1ListeningSpeaking&TalkingUnit4HistoryandTraditionsPre—listening013Leading-in孔子CONFUCIUS

外国人眼中的至圣先师孔子ConfuciuswasaChinesephilosopheroftheZhoudynasty,whoseteachingsofmoral,social,political,andphilosophicalbehaviorandtheorywouldlaterbecomethefoundationofasystemknownasConfucianism.TheteachingsofConfuciuswasstudiedandwrittenaboutfromthetimeofhisdeathuntilthefoundingofthefirstChineseempirein221B.C.Histeachingsincludedhumanisttowardsothers,ritualandetiquette,loveofparentsfortheirchildrenandofchildrenfortheirparents.Anemphasiswasplacedonself-cultivationandskilledjudgment,ratherthanaknowledgeofrules.Hisethicalidealsinteachingswerealsocommunicatedthroughmetaphor,innuendo,andanecdoteorstory.Oneofhismostwell-knownteachingsis—whatyoudonotwishforyourself,donotdotoothers.孔子是周朝的一位中国哲学家，他关于道德、社会、政治和哲学行为和理论的教导后来成为儒家思想体系的基础。从孔子去世到公元前221年第一个中华帝国建立，人们一直在研究和撰写孔子的教义。他的教导包括对他人的人道主义、仪式和礼仪、父母对子女的爱以及子女对父母的爱。强调的是自我修养和熟练的判断力，而不是规则知识。他在教义中的伦理理想也通过隐喻、影射、轶事或故事来传达。他最著名的教诲之一是，你不希望自己做什么，也不希望别人做什么。ConfucianismrosetoprominenceduringtheHandynastyaround200B.C.Manyfollowerspracticedhisteachingsasareligion.However,becauseitlacksametaphysicalaspect,mostconsiderConfucianismasaninfluentialsocialphilosophy.Confuciusavidlypromotedanautocraticsocialstructure.Intheyearsafterhisdeath,rulerslookedtoscholarsofConfucianismforassistanceinmanagingtheirempiresandgoverningtheirpeople.Confucianismwasappealingtorulerswhofoundthatitsprincipleswouldessentiallyhelpsocietybecomeself-regulating.Theseprinciplesofbehaviorandtheirimplementationarethoughttohavelaterinfluencedstrongcentralrule,andtheabsenceofrigidlyenforcedlegalstructure.Confuciusspenthisfinalyearsteachinghisfollowersandcommunicatinghiswisdom.ThesedialogueswouldeventuallybecomeasetoftextscalledtheFiveClassics.外国人眼中的至圣先师孔子儒家思想在公元前200年左右的汉朝时期崛起。许多信徒把他的教义当作一种宗教来实践。然而，由于它缺乏形而上学的一面，大多数人认为儒家思想是一种有影响力的社会哲学。孔子极力提倡专制的社会结构。在他死后的几年里，统治者向儒学学者寻求帮助，以管理他们的帝国和治理他们的人民。儒家思想对统治者很有吸引力，他们发现儒家思想的原则从根本上有助于社会自我调节。人们认为，这些行为原则及其实施后来影响了强大的中央规则，以及缺乏严格执行的法律结构。孔子在他的最后几年里教导他的追随者，传播他的智慧。这些对话最终将成为一组文本，称为《五经》。Duringthe44thUSPresidentBarackObama'stownhallmeetinginShanghaiin2009,hecitedthesayingcoinedbyConfucius"Considerthepastandyoushallknowthefuture"(温故而知新),toexpressthatthetwocountriesshouldlearnfromthepasttodevelopSino-USdiplomaticrelationsinthenewera.Russia'sPrimeMinisterDmitryMedvedevmadeaspeechatPekingUniversityin2008,spicingitwithreferencestoChinesephilosophersConfuciusandLao-tzu.Whenspeakingofeducation,hecitedConfucius’"Learnandpracticeoftenwhatyouhavelearned,isn'titpleasant?"(学而时习之，不亦说乎)toexpresshisfavorofChineseeducationmethods.0102盘点外国政要引用过的孔子名言/Updated:July7,2018Confucianism,asystemdevelopedfromConfucius'thoughts,isanethicalandphilosophicalsystem,whichhasbecomeaninfluentialpartofChineseculture.Prediction8Thelisteningtextisprobablyabout_____________AboutConfuciusandhisinfluencetotheChinesecultureanddevelopment.2.Newwordsphilosophern._________descendantn.________philosophyn.__________ noticeableadj.__________哲学家后裔，后代，后人；子孙哲学显著的，显而易见的While—listening02

Fact/OpinionaboutConfuciusWilliam1.Confuciusisoneofhisfavoritephilosopher.2.______________________________________3.______________________________________XiaoKong1.______________________________________2.______________________________________

______________________________________3.______________________________________10ListentoaconversationbetweenaBritishtouristandaChinesestudentinQufu,andthenwritedownwhattheysayaboutConfucius.Helivedover2,500years.Hewasagreateducatorandhadmanyideasabouteducation.Confuciushasover3,000,000descendants.Task1Hewasawiseman.Hewasoneofthegreatestmindsinhistory.11Task2Listenagainanddecidewhetherthesestatementsaretrue(T),false(F),ornotmentioned(NM).Thenanswerthequestion.√√√√12Task3WhydoyouthinkWilliamsaidhishometownwassimilartoQufu?A.Therearefamoushallsinhishometown.B.Therearenotallbuildingsinhishometown.D.Hishometowndoesn’tallowotherbuildingstobemorenoticeablethanthehistoricbuildings.DC.Bothplaceshaveafamouspersonwhowasbornthere.UnderstandidiomsAnidiomisanexpressionwhichmeanssomethingdifferentfromthemeaningoftheindividualwords.Someidiomspresentanideaorpaintapicturethatgivesahintastothemeaning.Otheridiomscanonlybeunderstoodfromthecontextinwhichtheyappear.After—listening03Post-ListeningEnglishIdiomMeaningChineseequivalentAchilles’sheel

Pullone’sleg

Fishoutofwater

Somethingthatissomeone’sweakness弱点要害Tojokewithsomeone戏弄Someonewhofeelsuncomfortablebecausetheyareinanunfamiliarplace如芒在背Discussion1.WhatdoyouknowaboutConfucius'ideasoneducation?Thinkoftwoorthreeexamples.2.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutConfuciusandhisphilosophy?3.Thinkaboutahistoricsitethatyouhavevisited,andgiveanintroductiontoitshistoryandimportance.1.WhatdoyouknowaboutConfucius’ideaoneducation?Thinkoftwoorthreeexamples.Teachstudentsinaccordancewiththeiraptitude,makenosocialdistinctionsinteaching2.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutConfuciusandhisphilosophy?Confucius'philosophy:1.Philosophicalthoughtwith"benevolence"asthecore.2.Politicalthoughtwith"morality"asthecore.3.Carryouttheethicalthoughtfromtheperspectiveof"benevolence"and"gain".4.Educationalthoughtwith"educationwithoutclass"asthecore.TheYellowMountainisoneofthemostfamousmountainsinChina.ItliesinthesouthofAnhui.EveryyearthousandsofChineseandforeignerspayavisitthere.It'snotfarfromhere.Ittakesyouaboutthreehourstogettherebybus.Youcanalsogotherebytrainorbyplane.Whileyouareclimbingthemountain,youcanenjoytheseaofclouds,wondrouspinesanduniquerocksaroundyou.Intheearlymorningwhenthesunrises,theskylooksverybeautiful.It'sreallyaniceplacetovisit3.Thinkaboutahistoricsitethatyouhavevisited,andgiveanintroductiontoitshistoryandimportance.2