基础英语4 Unit7TimetoStopExcuses市公开课一等奖省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件

TimetoExcusesforLatenessP1P2P3StopUnit7BrainstormingListening&SpeakingActivitiesListeningSpeakingHPart11233BrainstormingExpressionsofdisciplinarymattersattheworkplaceExpressionsoftypesofemploymentExpressionsofrecruiting/firingExpressionsofpositions/jobtitles12433Part1Expressionsofdisciplinarymattersattheworkplacebepunctual,leave-taking,beabsent,askforleave,takeFrenchleave,askfor/haveadayoff,take/havesickleave,studyleave进修假期,maternityleave产假,visitingleaveExpressionsoftypesofemploymentinternship,part-time,commission委任；委任状,contracting,full-time,volunteering,work-study勤工俭学\半工半读,apprenticeship

leave-taking:

[c]

literaryanactofsayinggoodbyewhenyougoaway离去,告别,告别语leavewithoutsayinggood-bye不辞而别，悄悄离去，擅离职守Iwantedtogotothefootballmatch,andsoItookFrenchleavefromtheoffice.Unfortunately,thebossfoundoutandtellmetogethispermissioninfuture.

maternity/sick/compassionateleave:timethatyouareallowedtospendawayfromworkbecauseyouhavehadababy,becauseyouareill,orbecauseofapersonalproblemsuchasthedeathofarelative产假/病假/照料性准假e.g.Shewasallowedcompassionateleavefromworktoattendherfather'ernship:

[c]

AmEajobthatlastsforashorttime,thatsomeone,especiallyastudent,doesinordertogainexperience实习生身份voluntarywork

BritishEnglish

/volunteerwork

AmericanEnglish(=ajobyouarenotpaidfor)义务工作，志愿工作e.g.She'sverytakenupwithvoluntaryworkatthemoment.她当前大部分时间和精力都用在志愿工作上了。acombinationofworkandstudyofferedtoahighschoolorcollegestudentbyaschoolsothathecangainsomeworkexperience,oftenusedinthephraseawork-studyprograminAmericanEnglish

半工半读；勤工俭学e.g.Vocationalsecondaryschoolsshoulddefinitelybecarryingoutwork-studyprogrammes.职业中学搞半工半读是必定。apprenticeship:

[c&u]thejobofbeinganapprentice,ortheperiodoftimeinwhichyouareanapprentice学徒身分,学徒年限e.g.InNovemberIfinishedmyapprenticeship.

11月我学徒阶段结束了。

Heisnotyetoutofhisapprenticeship.

他还未满师。

MrsWang’ssonisservinghisapprenticeshipasacarpenter.王太太儿子正跟着一位木匠当学徒。

Heservesasix-yearapprenticeshipinthesteelwork.Expressionsofrecruiting/firinginterview,makeinquiriesaboutanopening/avacancy,applyforaposition,employ,fire,layoff,dismiss,sack辞退,award(aprojecttoaconstructioncompany),betransferred调动fromonedepartmenttoanother,letsomeonego,bemaderedundant被辞退，失业,outofworkExpressionsofpositions/jobtitlessupervisor,seniorengineer,leader,chairmanofthedepartment(ofmathematics),dean(oftheforeignlanguageschool),presidentof(theuniversity,college,etc.),manager,chiefexecutive行政长官；董事长；美国总统；（美国）州长

,generalmanager,departmentmanager,chairmanoftheboard,membersoftheboard,secretary,clerk,technicians,assistant,intern.实习生，实习医师,securityguard,janitoraward:vt.toofficiallydecidethatsomeoneshouldreceiveapaymentoraformalagreement授予awardsbsthe.g.ThegovernmentawardedaGermancompanythecontract.tomakesomeoneleavetheirjob-usedinordertoavoidsayingthisdirectlye.g.I'mafraidwehadtoletseveralofourstaffgo.redundant:

adj.

BrEifyouareredundant,youremployernolongerhasajobforyou【主英】(因人员过剩而)被辞退,失业makeajob/positionetcredundante.g.Iregrethavingtomakesomanystaffredundant.

我很遗憾不得不淘汰这么多职员。janitor:

especiallyAmEsomeonewhosejobistolookafteraschoolorotherlargebuildingBritishEquivalent:

caretaker

(公寓、学校等处)照管房屋工友；看门人ListeningNewwords1Answerstothequestions2conscientious:

adj.

carefultodoeverythingthatitisyourjobordutytodo认真,勤勤恳恳e.g.Sheisaconscientiousteacher.Weshouldbeconscientioustoourwork.liveuptosth:ifsthorsomeonelivesuptoaparticularstandardorpromise,theydoaswellastheywereexpectedto,dowhattheypromisedetc实践;不辜负e.g.Shetriesuptoliveuptoherideals.

Wewillneverfailtoliveuptowhatourparentsexpectofus.patrol:巡查,巡查ledge:壁架;架状突出物e.g.awindowledge窗台holdback:退缩sergeant:警察小队长,警官citesb(forsth):tomentionsomeonebecausetheydeservepraise表彰,表彰Agoodcop’sstoryWhatmakesJohnagoodpoliceman?Johnlikeshisjobasacop.Hefeelsit's"thebestjobintheworld."Heisconscientious,hasastrongsenseofjusticeandfairness,andrespectsthelaw.Johnexertshimself努力；尽力totheutmost尽全力，尽力andtriestoliveuptohisideals.HasJohn’sjobasapolicemanbeeneasy&safe?No.BeingapolicemaninNewYorkisdifficultanddangerous.Besides,heworksinaroughneighborhood.Hehasbeenshot,spitat,andhitwithbottles,rocks,sticks,andMolotovCocktails.Onceheriskedhislifetosaveamanfromjumpingoffaledge23storiesupfromthestreet.WhywasJohnawardedcitations?Johnisgivenawardsforhisbravery,hisquickthinkingandperformanceinemergencies.Whydon’tsomepeoplelikepolicemaninJohn’sdistrict?Johnadmitsthattherearebadcopsontheforce,copswhodon'talwaysobeytherulesandwhosometimesusetoomuchforceandinjurepeople.Part1SpeakingPart1P.120:MakeadecisionDiscussion:Whowouldyouhire?Whyandwhynot?Requirements:

EachgroupshouldgiveaCloseanalysis.Trytousetheexpressionsintheboxandmoreexpressionssuchas:Nooneisperfect.Theaimofacompanyis…Asfarasprofitisconcerned…Geniusis99%perspirationand1%inspiration.Passionisabsolutelythehardandfastruleinsalespromotion.Whatistheuseofhavingaguywhocanonly…ActivityAReadingComprehension&LanguageActivitiesPre-readingTaskTextPart112HPre-readingTaskFillintheblanksIftheywanttomeetsomebody,___________________________.Iftheyhavemadeanappointment,

.Iftheyarelate,_________________________________________.Iftheycannotcome,_____________________________________.Iftheyattendabusinessmeeting,__________________________.Usuallytheyworkfrom_________till________.Theirlunchtimeisgenerallyfrom______to________o’clock.Theytelephonefirsttomakeanappointment.TheyarriveafewminutesearlyTheywouldapologizeandexplainwhathappened

Theywillmakephonecallstoexplain

Theywilltalkaboutbusinessfirstandchatlater9:00a.m.5:00p.m.12:001:00WhatwouldaBritishorAmericanpersondointhefollowingsituations?TimetoStopExcusesforlateness1.Therearealwaysacoupleofpeopleineveryofficewhoarehabituallylateforwork.Howshouldamanagerhandletheprobleminamulticulturalenvironment?Shouldhebepatientbecausedifferentcultureshavetheirownconceptsoftime?Orshouldhetakedisciplinaryaction?2.ScholarstellusthatWesternersandAsiansapproachtimedifferently.Culturally,Westernerslivemoreinthepresentandthenearfuture.Asianslivemoreintheancientpastorinthedistantfuture.3.

Asianstrytoavoidaneuroticslaverytotime,viewinglifeasapassingmomentineternity来世，来生；不朽；永恒

.Theyenjoythesenseof“zerogravity”thatcomesfromtravelingwithoutanimmediategoaloranurgentobjective.4.TomanyAsians,lifeisalongjourneyandhappinessissimplynotamatteroftime.Insteadofrushing,theyprefertomaintainasteadypace.handlen.[建]把手；柄；v.处理；操作；驾驭；利用；买卖；触摸e.g.OppositionleaderswillbewatchingcarefullytoseehowthePrimeMinsterhandles

thecrisis.Thisofficehandlesthousandsofenquirieseveryday.He’snotaverygoodteacher---hedoesn’tknowhowtohandlechildren.disciplinary:

adj.relatingtothepunishmentofsomeonewhohasnotobeyedrules,ortotryingtomakepeopleobeyrules相关纪律；执行纪律；惩戒性totakedisciplinaryactionagainst处罚e.g.Theinvestigationledtodisciplinaryaction(=thingsyoudotopunishsomeone)againsttwoofficers.approach:

vt.tobegintodealwithasituationorprobleminaparticularwayorwithaparticularattitude处理、对待着手处理,开始对付approachaproblem/task/matteretce.g.Itmightbepossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway.从文化角度来说，西方人更多地生活在当前和不远未来，而亚洲人却更多地生活在古老过去和遥远未来。neurotic:adj.unreasonablyanxiousorafraid神经过敏,神经质e.g.Heisabitneurotic,buthiswifeisaverystableperson.他有点神经质，但他妻子是一个非常稳重人。

亚洲人尽力防止成为时间神经质奴隶。生活在他们看来只是永恒中急忙一瞬。他们喜欢旅游所带来那种“失重”感，没有近期目标，也没有紧急任务。e.g.Thequalityoftheambulanceserviceisamatteroflifeanddeath.Itisamatteroffact,notamatterofopinion.Ican'tsaywhichwineisbest-it'samatterofpersonaltaste.Shecouldn'ttakethemoney.Itwasamatterofprinciple.Itisnotsimply

amatterofdecidingwhatpriceyouwantstopay.他们喜欢按部就班，不愿来去急忙。TimetoStopExcusesforlatenessQuietlywatchingtheseasonschangeorchildrengrowiscertainlynotconsideredawasteoftime.5.

Westernersbelievethathappinessisjustoverthenexthill.Alittlemoretime,moneyorstrugglewillgetthemthere.Americans,inparticular,livebytime-pressingschedulesanddeadlines.6.

Buthowdoesthisinsight看法，

sostudiously['stju:diəsli]注意地compiled编译byacademics,relatetotheneedforpunctualityintheoffice?Shouldweextrapolate

fromthisdifferenceinculturaloutlookthatit’sjustifiedforsomeemployeestobetardyintoday’sofficelife?Doesitmeanthatamanagershoulddisregardpunctualityasanofficediscipline?7.Onthesurface,itmightseemthatamanagermayhavetobemoretolerantaboutpunctualitywithsomeculturalgroupsthanothers.静观季节改变、儿女成长也不认为是在虚度光阴。

here,ametaphorthatmeansachievablewithoneeffort.西方人相信幸福就在不远前方。多花点时间，多费点金钱，多下点工夫就能到达。尤其是美国人，他们就靠时间紧迫日程安排和最终期限而生存。thetheoryisworkedoutpainstakinglybyscholars

不过学究们深思熟虑悟出这一看法又是怎样与上班守时这一问题联络起来呢？extrapolate:[ek'stræpəleit]

vt.&vi.tousefactsaboutthepresentoraboutonethingorgrouptomakeaguessaboutthefutureoraboutotherthingsorgroups预测,推测extrapolate(sth)fromsthe.g.Itispossibletoextrapolatefuturedevelopmentsfromcurrenttrends.Onecanextrapolatethesizeofthebuildingfromthemeasurementsofanaverageroom.从一间屋子量度能够推断出整座建筑物大小。justified:

adj.havinganacceptableexplanationorreason有正当理由；合乎情理；事出有因

justifiedindoingsth

e.g.Thepolicemanwasjustifiedinshootingthecriminalinself-defence.那个警察出于自卫枪击罪犯是正当防卫。Asthegoodsweredamaged,shefeltfullyjustifiedinaskingforhermoneyback.因商品损坏,她认为有充分理由要求退款.Herprideinherachievementsisjustified.她为自己成就而自豪,这是理所当然.here,beundisciplined是否我们应该从这种文化方面差异得出结论，一些雇员上班拖拖拉拉就是合情合理？disregard:

vt.toignoresthortreatitasunimportant忽略,不顾,不理会disregard…ase.g.Wecannotdisregardhiscominglatetoworksooften.对他上班经常迟到,我们不能不论。

Disregardingallthedifficulties,wearrivedhereintime.尽管有那么多困难，我们依然及时地抵达了这儿。还是说这意味着一个管理者应该忽略守时这一工作守则呢？justify:vt.togiveanacceptableexplanationforsththatotherpeoplethinkisunreasonable证实...是正当;为...辩护;是...正当理由justifydoingsthe.g.Howcanyoujustifyyourrudebehaviour?Theyfoundithardtojustifytheirson'sgivingupasecurewell-paidjob.他们难以了解儿子竟放弃了收入颇丰稳定工作。Howcanwejustifyspendingsomuchmoneyonarms?Tirednesscannotpossiblyjustifyyourtreatingstaffthisway.你不能以疲劳为理由就这么对待职员。TimetoStopExcusesforlatenessButthisisunwarrantedinanurbancivilization.ItwouldgivecredencetotheacademicliteraturethatimpliesthetimeorientationinsuchacultureisinferiortothatintheWest.8.

Thisconfusestwoentirelydifferentthings:observance通例；恪守

ofpunctualityandthephilosophicalperceptionoftime.9.Aperson’sbeliefthattimeismeasuredincenturiesratherthaninsecondshasnothingtodowithhisabilitytoshowupontimeattheofficeeveryday.NoAsianemployeewouldeveruseaculturalexcuseforbeinglate.Hemaycertainlyemploymoremodernexcusessuchasatrafficjam,aslowwatch,oraparkingproblem.TheseexcusesarethesameasthoseusedbyofficeworkersintheWest.WhyisitconsideredacceptabletobeconsistentlylateforthesereasonsinAsia,whileintheWestsuchapersonwouldbeconsideredundependableanduntrustworthy?unwarranted:adj.donewithoutgoodreason,andthereforeannoying无依据；未经授权e.g.Muchofthecriticismwastotallyunwarranted.credence:

['kri:dəns][u]

formaltheacceptanceofsthastrue相信;信任givecredencetosthe.g.Don'tgivecredencetoallthegossipyouhear.不要相信你听到闲话。Thenewspapersaregivingnocredencetothegovernment'slateststatements报纸没有证实政府最新申明。

它将使人相信此种文化时间观念比西方时间观念逊色这一学术论调。这便混同了两种截然不一样事情：恪守时间和对时间哲学观。showup:informaltoarrive,especiallyattheplacewheresomeoneiswaitingforyou出席;露面-SYNturnupTimetoStopExcusesforlateness10.Theproblem,perhaps,isthatinoursociallifeinAsiawetendtobemoretolerantoffriendsandrelativeswhomakeuswaitforhalfanhourat

adowntownrendezvous.Wedonotthinktheyaretakingourfriendshiporaffectionforgranted.Wedonotconsiderthemguiltyofdisrespect.Whatisworse,weletthemexoneratethemselveswithdubiousexcuses.11.Buthowwereacttolatecomersinoursociallivesisamatterofindividualchoice.Intheworldofmodernbusinesswecannotaffordthatflexibility.12.Nobodymindsifapersonislatetoworkonceinabluemoon.Punctualityshouldnotbeallowedtobecomeafad.Butinanofficeenvironment,therehastobeaclimateofdisciplineinwhichpeoplerespectthekeepingoftime.13.Eveninthosecompanieswhichmaintainflexibletime,therearesethourswhenemployeesmustbepresentintheoffice.tolerant:adj.allowingpeopletodo,say,orbelievewhattheywantwithoutcriticizingorpunishingthem宽容,容忍tolerantof/towards

-OPP

intolerante.g.atolerantattitude/tolerantmanShewastolerantofdifferentviews.rendezvous:['rɔndivu:,-dei-]

[cusuallysingular]aplacewheretwoormorepeoplehavearrangedtomeet约会地点guilty:adj.havingdonesththatisacrime有罪,犯...罪guiltyof

–OPP

innocente.g.Themanwasprovedguiltyofmurder.这个男子被证实犯了杀人罪。Thejuryfoundherguiltyofmurder.陪审团认定她犯有杀人罪。exonerate:[iɡ'zɔnəreit]

vt.tostateofficiallythatsomeonewhohasbeenblamedforsthisnotguilty使免罪exoneratesbfrom/ofsth

e.g.Hewastotallyexoneratedofanyblame.dubious

probablynothonest,true,rightetc我们不会认为他们不把我们情谊和亲情当回事儿。我们也不会认为他们失礼。更糟糕是，我们还允许他们用含糊其辞借口来为自己开脱。Thismeansthatinthebusinessworldeveryonemustobservepunctualityonceinabluemoon:

informalveryrarely罕见,几乎永无地,千载难逢时期e.g.Wearesobusy.Weonlygohometovisitmyfolksonceinabluemoon.我们很忙,我们难得回家去看我父母。

Suchachancecomesonceinabluemoon.这么机会极其难得。fad:

[c]sththatpeoplelikeordoforashorttime,orthatisfashionableforashorttime一时流行;一时风尚e.g.thelatestfadHisinterestinphotographyisonlyapassingfad.他对摄影兴趣只是一时兴趣罢了。TimetoStopExcusesforlatenessOtherwiseitisimpossibletocallameetingofpeoplefromdifferentdepartments.14.Somecompaniesmaychoosetostagger

theopeningandclosingtimeoftheirofficestoenableemployeestoavoidtherushhour.Butthatdoesnotmeanthereisnolongeraneedforpunctuality.15.Beinglateis,generally,aproblemrelatingtoonlyasmallnumberofemployees.Amanagershouldtrytobreaktheirbadhabitsthroughcounseling,repeatedlyifrequired.It’snotaneasytaskandinsomecasesrequiresafairamountofpatience.16.Butit’sabouttimewegotridoftheacademicnotionthatanexpectationofpunctualityisanintoleranceofculture.It’saclichéandshouldbediscardedforthwith.stagger:

vt.toarrangepeople‘sworkinghours,holidaysetcsothattheydonotallbeginandendatthesametime使错开,交织安排e.g.Jimandhiswifestaggertheirworkhourssooneofthemcanbeathomewiththekidarrangetheopeningandclosingtimedifferentlyforstaffsothattheydon’tneedtocometoworkorleavethecompanyallatonce

makethemgiveuptheirbadhabitsbytalkingtothelatecomersuntiltheyunderstandtheimportanceofpunctualityinthemodernbusinessworld.cliché:

[‘kli:ʃei][c]anideaorphrasethathasbeenusedsomuchthatitisnoteffectiveordoesnothaveanymeaninganylonger陈腔滥调，老生常谈e.g.Clichéisafeatureofbadjournalism.

使用套语是拙劣新闻体特点。

discard:vt.togetridofsth抛弃,摒弃,丢弃

-SYN

throwawayforthwith

['fɔ:θ'wið]

adv.立刻，马上；不犹豫地ExtendedActivitiesPart3ReadmoreDictationTranslationHDictationIusedtoworkforamovingcompany.Oneday,afterwehadpackedatruckloadoffurniture,ourcustomerinstructedustogoonaheadandmeetheratthenewhouse.Wewaitedtherebutthenconcludedthatwehadthewrongaddress.Sowedrovetoacorner,hopingtocatchherasshewentby.“That’shercar!”mybossyelled.Hejumpedfromthetruck,dashedacrosstheparkinglot,stoppingthecar,andsaid,“Whydon’tyouletmefollowyouhome?”Asshequicklyrolledupherwindowandhurriedoff,herealizedthathehadthewrongwoman.Part3Readmoremissout:tonothavethechancetodosththatyouenjoyandthatwouldbegoodforyou失去…好机会missouton