【学案与测评】高中英语 语法篇专题10 定语从句 人教

专题十定语从句用一个句子作定语，此句子叫作定语从句。定语从句位于被它修饰的名词或代词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that)和关系副词(when,where,why)关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。在定语从句中，当who,which,that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。编辑ppt八大关系词用法表who,whose,whom,that先行词是人时：从句中缺少主语用who；从句中缺少宾语用whom；从句中的主语缺少定语用whose；that可替换who和whom，作从句的主语或宾语。Thegirlwho/thatbecameanursetwoyearsagoismycousin.(who/that作定语从句的主语)Hawkingisthedisabledscientistwhom/thatwesawinBeijinglastyear.(whom/that作定语从句中saw的宾语)Theboywhosemotherisafamoussingerisalittleactorof7.（whose作定语从句的主语mother的定语。）whichthat

先行词是物时：从句中缺少主语或宾语用which；从句中主语缺少定语用whose；that可替换which，作从句的主语或宾语。Theresearchwhich/thatwascarriedonforyearswasstopped.(which/that作定语从句的主语)Thetopicwhich/thatyouweretalkingaboutisrelatedtogeography.(which/that作定语从句的宾语)Thetwocountrieswhoseboundaryisariverhavebeenkeepingagoodrelationshipforfiftyyears.(whose作定语从句的主语的定语)

编辑pptwhere先行词是地点时：从句中缺少主语或宾语用which/that;不缺少主语或宾语用where,where在从句中充当地点状语。ThecompanywhereIamworkingisatransnationalcompany.(where在定语从句中作地点状语)when先行词是时间时：从句中缺少主语或宾语用which/that;不缺少主语或宾语用when,when在从句中充当时间状语。Theyearswhich/thatIspentinthecountrysideareunforgettable.(which/that作定从spent的宾语)Themonthswhenwespenttheholidaysbytheseawerepleasant.(when在定语从句中作时间状语)编辑pptwhy先行词是原因时：从句中缺少主语或宾语用which/that;不缺少主语或宾语用why,why充当原因状语。表原因的先行词有reason,excuse,explanation等。Idon’tbelievethereasonwhich/thatwasobviouslyanexcuse.(which/that作定语从句的主语)Thisistheexcusewhich/thatshechangedhermindfor.(which/that作定语从句介词for的宾语)Theremustbesomereasonwhyhemadesuchanabnormaldecision.(定语从句不缺少主语和宾语)编辑ppt【考点一】考查关系词的省略whom/which/that作定语从句的宾语时，可以省略。Theperson（whom/that）theyarelookingforisMrWilde.Thetopic（which/that）youweretalkingaboutisrelatedtogeography.【考点二】考查非限制性定语从句1.引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which（不用that）。除which外，还可用when，where，who（m）等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。Lisaisanamateuractress,whoactedanimportantpartinafilm.Thisisakeyseniorhighschool,whereIspentthreeyears.FinallyIdecidedtostayinChongqing，whereIfinishedmycollegestudy．2.引导词which可以指前面整个句子的含义。Lilystayeduplateintothenight,whichmadehermotheranxious.3.在限定性定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略，但引导非限定编辑ppt性定语从句的连词不能省。Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother，whomhelovedashisownmother．4.置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句末时as和which都可以。但是当非限定性定语从句是否定意义时，只能用which引导。Theelephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.=Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.【即学即练】单项填空①Sheheardtheterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth．A.itB.whichC.thisD.that解析：选B。which指代前面的先行词noise，引导非限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。②Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay，________，ofcourse，madetheothersunhappy．A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what编辑ppt解析：选B。which指代前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句。③_______isknowntoall，Chinawillbeanandpowerfulcountryin20or30yearstime.That；advancingB.This；advancedC.As；advancedD.It；advancing解析：选C。置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导。advanced先进的；advancing年事渐高的。④Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，______wasmorethanwecouldexpect．A.whatB.whichC.thatD.if解析：选B。句中morethan的本意为“超过”，“超过了我们的预料”。which指代前面的整个句子。【考点三】关系代词that或which指物时，宜用that而不用which的情况1.先行词为all,much,little,none,few,one,something,anything等不定代词时。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou,Mum?(that作宾语时可省略)Ishalldoall(that)Icantohelpyou.(thatIcan是定语从句,修饰编辑pptall；tohelpyou是动词不定式作目的状语)2.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰或被only,any,few,much,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时。Muchmoneythathadbeendonatedwassenttothedisasterarea.Thisisthemostinterestingbook(that)Ihaveeverread.Youaretheverykindofperson(that)wehavebeenlookingfor.3.先行词是人和物共用时只能用that。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.Theoldmanandhisdogthatlivenearherearestrollinginthepark.4.当主句中含有疑问词which时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?5.先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.6.当主句是therebe句型时，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。编辑pptThereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.7.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了which,另一个定语从句的关系代词用that。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.【考点四】考查关系代词宜用which而不用that的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中。Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.2.在关系词前有介词时。ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.3.当先行词本身是that时。Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.4.当关系词离从句较远时。HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.5.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.编辑ppt【考点五】考查关系代词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词1.当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用who指代人。There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.2.先行词为anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等词时，关系词用who。ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.3.当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who以避免重复。Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.【考点六】考查介词提前1.whom/which作介词的宾语时，介词可提到whom/which之前，此时whom/which不能省略，也不能用that替换。TheladytowhomyouspokelastWednesdayisPaul’swife.编辑pptIhaveatelescopewithwhichIcanobservethestarsinspace.2.如果被提前的是一个介词短语，应把整个介词短语提前，不能拆开。如果被提前的是一个动词短语，介词不能提前。Iboughtamapaccordingtowhichwecanfindthedestination.Themantheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson.=Themanwhom/thattheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson.LeiFeng，fromwhomwehaveoncelearnedalot，isnowanexampletothesoldiersofWestPointMilitarySchool（西点军校）ofAmerica.关系代词前的介词from，与从句的谓语动词learn构成习惯表达learnfrom（向……学习）【即学即练】单项填空⑤IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm________，manypeoplehavegonehome．A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime解析:选D。bywhichtime即by“after5：30”“到五点三十分以后”。介词的选择取决于这个介词与先行词或从句之间的关系。

编辑ppt【考点七】关系副词与关系代词的转换1.where=in/at+whichTheBermudaTriangle(which/that)manyshipsdisappearedinisamysteriousplace.=TheBermudaTriangleinwhich/wheremanyshipsdisappearedisamysteriousplace.2.when=in/on/at/during+whichThetime(which/that)thefootballmatchbeginsatiseighto’clock.=Thetimeatwhich/whenthefootballmatchbeginsiseighto’clock.3.whose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+ofwhich/whomofwhich/whom前还可以加形容词最高级、数词、不定代词等。Tibet,whosesceneryisratherunique,isasummerresort.=Tibet,ofwhichthescenery/thesceneryofwhichisratherunique,isasummerresort.编辑pptThetourists,ofwhomtheeldestis70/theeldestofwhomis70,arefromSingapore.Isawthreefilmsthismonth,twoofwhichwereveryinteresting.4.why=forwhichThereason(which/that)he’sabsentfromthemeetingforisnotclear.=Thereasonforwhich/whyhe’sabsentfromthemeetingisnotclear.【即学即练】单项填空⑥AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild．A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when解析：选B。因为表地点的先行词thesmalltown在从句中作状语；当表地点的先行词在从句中作主、宾、表语时，则要用that或which引导定语从句。⑦IshallneverforgettheyearsIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers，hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that；whichB.when；whichC.which；thatD.when；who编辑ppt解析：选B。when在定语从句中作时间状语；which引导非限制性定语从句。【考点八】分裂式定语从句定语从句被一个词、短语等与先行词隔开时，叫分裂式定语从句。为避免头重脚轻，可把修饰主语的定语从句置于谓语之后。Iboughtahousewithagardeninfront,whereIcangrowflowers.(定语从句被介词短语infront与先行词隔开)DoyourememberthesnowynighttenyearsagowhenIgothere?(定语从句被词组tenyearsago与先行词隔开)【考点九】than/but/as作关系代词的用法1.先行词有比较级修饰时用than；先行词有否定词修饰时用but，表示双重否定，此时的but=who/which/that...not...Mymotheralwaysgivesmemoremoneythanisneeded.(than作定语从句主语)Thisyear,thefarmershaveharvestedmoregrainthanwasexpected.(than作定语从句主语)Thereisnotastudentbutwantstogotouniversity.=Thereisnotastudentwho/thatdoesn’twanttogoto编辑pptuniversity.(but作定语从句主语)2.先行词有下列词修饰时只能用as,如：as...as；so...as；such...as；thesame+名词+as。Youcanbuyasmanybooksasyouwantinthisbookstore.(as作want的宾语)SuchcomputersasareusedinourofficearemadeinSouthKorea.(as作定语从句的主语)ThisjewelisthesameoneasIshowedyoutheotherday.(as作showed的直接宾语)ThisjewelisthesameonethatIshowedyoutheotherday.(that作showed的直接宾语）请注意“thesame+名词+as”与“thesame+名词+that”的区别。编辑ppt定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。因此，有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。为了分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。【难点一】定语从句与并列句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确①MrLihasthreedaughters，noneof_____isanengineer．②MrLihasthreedaughters，butnoneof______isadancer．③MrLihasthreedaughters；______aredoctors．解析：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看:①小题是定语从句，故填whom；②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词them；③小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填none或they。

【难点二】定语从句与地点状语从句编辑ppt用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。①Ricedoesn’tgrowwell______thereisnotenoughwater．②Istillrememberthefarm______myparentsworkedtenyearsago．解析：定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词＋which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。因此，从结构上看:①小题无表示地点的先行词，故为表示地点的状语从句，填where；②小题中thefarm是先行词，是定语从句，故填where，此处的where可用onwhich替换。

【难点三】定语从句与强调句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_______ImetLiangWeiattheairport．②Itisthefactory_______MrWangworks．解析：定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于：强调句的结构为“Itis／was＋被强调部分＋that从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一编辑ppt句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。从结构上看，①小题是强调句，故填that。此种情况检测的标准是：先把强调句中的Itis／was...that去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。可将第①小题改为：ImetLiangWeionthemorningofMay1stattheairport．显然，这句话是正确的，故为强调句。②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知thefactory前缺少个介词in，故填where。

【难点四】定语从句与结果状语从句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确①Ihavethesamecomputer_______youhave．②Sheissuchakindandfunnygirl______allofusliketomakefriendswithher．解析：定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于（这里只讨论thesame...as／that和such...as/that两种情况）：在这两种情况下，如果as／that既引导从句，同时又在从句中充当一定的成分，则as／that引导的是定语从句。在thesame．．．as／that结构中，用as指一样编辑ppt的，但不是同一个事物；用that指同一物品，故①小题填as；如果as／that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，则as／that引导的是结果状语从句，故②小题填that。【难点五】定语从句与单句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确①Themothertoldthelazyboytowork，______didn’thelp．②Themothertoldthelazyboytowork．______didn’thelp．解析：含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词；而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词，显然应是主从句关系，因此需用关系词which，前面整个句子作先行词；②小题则填It，代替前面的整个句子。解题时，注意标点符号的运用。编辑ppt1.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_____isnamedafterhisgrandfather.(2010·全国I)A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that解析：选A。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定语从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限制性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。

2.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_______wassomeoneelse’sfault.(2010·全国Ⅱ)A.whoB.thatC.asD.what解析：选B。不定代词something作主语，用that引导。3.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.（2010·福建）A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose解析：选B。先行词为planet，表示地点，故用where。编辑ppt4.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_______ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.(2010·湖南)whoB.whereC.whenD.Which解析：选A。先行词是前句中的students，在定语从句中是met之后的宾语，student指人，又作了宾语，所以选who（也可以是that或者可以省略）。5.Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister______shewouldstayforanhour.(2010·江西)A.whereB.whoC.whichD.what解析：选A。先行词为centre,shewouldstayforanhour不缺少宾语或主语,故要填状语,表地点用where。6.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor_______dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.(2010·北京)A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that解析：选B。第二个定语从句中的主语与先行词children之间是所属关系，故选B。A项中的what不能引导定语从句。7.That’sthenewmachine________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.(2010·山东)编辑pptA.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what解析：选C。空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。8.Theoldtemple______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.(2010·陕西)A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose解析：选D。先行词是theoldtemple，关系词在从句中作roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。9.Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotraveling，______turnedouttobeawisedecision.(2010·四川)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where解析：选B。此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。10.—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.(2010·天津)A.asB.whichC.whereD.that解析：选C。句中thebarber’s是先行词，从句中go是不及物动词，所选关系词在从句中作状语，所以要用where。编辑ppt11.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_____lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(2010·浙江)whomB.whichC.themD.Those解析：选A。由many之前的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D两项。由于先行词是“1,000people”，表示人，故用whom。12.InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing______developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.(2010·重庆)A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that解析：选C。development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。13.Thenewly-builtcafé,thewallsof______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.（2010·江苏）A.thatB.itC.whatD.which解析：选D。定语从句中的主语表示的是“咖啡屋的墙”。14.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_______wemayreturninthenearfuture.(2010·上海)编辑pptA.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich解析：选C。此处考查的是介词加关系代词引导定语从句。=Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywhich/thatwemayreturntointhenearfuture.15.Wehave