英文小说从要素分析

英文小说从要素分析英文小说从要素分析英文小说从要素分析xxx公司英文小说从要素分析文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度ElementsofFiction-ABriefIntroductionA.PrimaryElements:Plot,Character,Theme,PointsofView,Symbol,SettingB.SecondaryElements:Imagery,Irony,Style&Tone,Exposition1.Plot-thesequenceofeventsorincidentsofwhichthestoryiscomposed/thearrangementofeventsthatmakeupastory/thecompletepatternordesignofthework.A.Conflictisaclashofactions,ideas,desiresorwills.Personagainstperson.Personagainstenvironment-externalforce,physicalnature,society,or"fate."Personagainstherself/himself-conflictwithsomeelementinher/hisownnature;maybephysical,mental,emotional,ormoral.PersonagainstGod-Greekmythology.B.ArtisticUnity-essentialtoagoodplot;nothingirrelevantthatdoesnotcontributetothetotalmeaning;nothingthatisthereonlyforitsownsakeoritsownexcitement.

C.PlotManipulationandFabulation-agoodplotshouldnothaveanyunjustifiedorunexpectedturnsortwists,nofalseleads,andnodeliberateandmisleadinginformation;fabulationistheintroductionofthefabulousorunrealisticorgothicelementsinanotherwiserealisticsetting.

D.StoryEnding:InaHappyEndingthestereotypicalexpectationisthattheprotagonistmustsolvealltheproblems,defeatthevillain,winthegirl,andlivehappilyeverafter.Unfortunately,manyreallifesituationshaveunhappyendings;forthewritersofseriousfiction,theunhappyendingsaremorelikelytoraisesignificantissuesconcerninglifeandliving.E.TypesofPlot:a.Tragedy(noble)b.Comedy(lessgreat/noble)c.Romance(lessgreat/noble)d.Satire(usedtoteachlessonorpresentapointofviewF.UseofPlot:a.Thestructureofitsactionsb.Order:1st,2nd,3rd…c.Tocreate(Theauthorusesactionsasapainterusespaintstocreate)d.Toachieveparticularwordstocreatecertaineffect2.CharacterA.DirectPresentation-authortellsusstraightout,byexpositionoranalysis,orthroughanothercharacter.B.IndirectPresentation-authorshowsusthecharacterinaction;thereaderinferswhatacharacterislikefromwhatshe/hethinks,orsays,ordoes.Thesearealsocalleddramatizedcharactersandtheyaregenerallyconsistent(inbehavior),motivated(convincing),andplausible(lifelike).C.CharacterTypes-aFlatcharacterisknownbyoneortwotraits;aRoundcharacteriscomplexandmany-sided;aStockcharacterisastereotypedcharacter(amadscientist,theabsent-mindedprofessor,thecruelmother-in-law);aStaticcharacterremainsthesamefromthebeginningoftheplottotheend;andaDynamic(developing)characterundergoespermanentchange.Thischangemustbea.withinthepossibilitiesofthecharacter;b.sufficientlymotivated;andc.allowedsufficienttimeforchange.D.ProtagonistandAntagonist-theprotagonististhecentralcharacter,sympatheticorunsympathetic.Theforcesworkingagainsther/him,whetherpersons,things,conventionsofsociety,ortraitsoftheirowncharacter,aretheantagonists.3.Theme-thecontrollingideaorcentralinsight.Itcanbe1.arevelationofhumancharacter;2.maybestatedbrieflyoratgreatlength;and3.athemeisnotthe"moral"ofthestory.A.Athememustbeexpressibleintheformofastatement-not"motherhood"but"Motherhoodsometimeshasmorefrustrationthanreward."

B.Athememustbestatedasageneralizationaboutlife;namesofcharactersorspecificsituationsintheplotarenottobeusedwhenstatingatheme.

C.Athememustnotbeageneralizationlargerthanisjustifiedbythetermsofthestory.

D.Athemeisthecentralandunifyingconceptofthestory.Itmustadheretothefollowingrequirements:1.Itmustaccountforallthemajordetailsofthestory.2.Itmustnotbecontradictedbyanydetailofthestory.3.Itmustnotrelyonsupposedfacts-factsnotactuallystatedorclearlyimpliedbythestory.E.Thereisnoonewayofstatingthethemeofastory.F.Anystateme