小学英语常见时态与语法(讲解与练习)

小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)小学英语语法【一】一般此刻时一、一般此刻时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特色、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示常常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday我.每日六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun地.球绕着太阳转。二、一般此刻时的构成1.be动词：必定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其他。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：必定句：主语+行为动词(+其他)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies特别：have----has三、一般此刻时的变化1.be动词的变化。否认句：主语+be+not+其他。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其他。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特别疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?2.行为动词的变化。否认句：主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其他)。如：Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否认句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其他。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特别疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?1/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)练习1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._____yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_______(be)ill.I

aying’minstbed.16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_____(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday_____(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday.2/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)小学英语语法【二】此刻进行时此刻进行时1．此刻进行时表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示目前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．此刻进行时的必定句基本构造为be+动词ing.3．此刻进行时的否认句在be后加not。4．此刻进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5．此刻进行时的特别疑问的基本构造为：疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其构造为：疑问词+be+动词ing?标志词：looknowlistenIt’s点+钟动词加ing的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting,write—writing,ride—riding,have—havingcome—comingdance—dancinglive—livingtake—takingskate—skating3．假如尾端是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写尾端的辅音字母，再加ing，如：swim—swimmingbegin—beginningrun-running,sit—sittingput—puttingshop—shoppingstop--stopping此刻进行时练习1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.What_____you______(do)now?Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.It’5so’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.

get—getting3/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)小学英语语法【三】一般将来时一、看法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本构造：①begoingto+do；②will+do.三、否认句：在be动词（am,is,are）后加not或神态动词will后加not成won’t。比方：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.

notgoing→I’tomhaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称交换。比如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.Areyou→goingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、对划线部散提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who比方：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.Who→’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.2.问干什么。Whatdo.比方：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3.问什么时候。When.比方：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.4/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)练习11.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.12.Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek.13.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He__________(go)toschoolbybike.14.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually__________(watch)TVand____________(catch)insects?’sFridaytoday.Whatshe____(do)thisweekend?She______(watch)TVand_______(catch)insects.______________(do)nextSunday?I______________(milk)cows.17.Mary____________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.18.LiuTao____________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.19.David______________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.20.I________________(plan)formystudynow5/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)小学英语语法【四】一般过去时一、一般过去时语法介绍1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去常常或频频发生的动作感谢。2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为

was。（wasnot=wasn’t）⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren’t）⑶带有was或were的句子，其否认、疑问的变化和is,am,are相同，即否认句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否认句：didn’t动+词原形，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特别疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?二、动词过去式变化规则1．一般在动词尾端加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3．尾端只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写尾端的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied6/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)5．不规则动词过去式：词义此刻（原形）过去式词义此刻（原形）过去式是am,is(be)was忘记forgetforgot是are(be)were获取getgot成为becomebecame给givegave开始beginbegan走gowent曲折bendbent成长growgrew吹blowblew有have,hashad买buybought听hearheard能cancould受伤hurthurt捕捉catchcaught保持keepkept选择choosechose知道knowknew来comecame学习learnlearned,learnt切cutcut赞同，让letlet做do,doesdid躺lielay画drawdrew制造makemade饮drinkdrank可以maymight吃eatate意味meanmeant感觉feelfelt会见meetmet发现findfound必定mustmust飞flyflew搁置putput读readread将shallshould骑、乘riderode唱歌singsang响、鸣ringrang坐下sitsat跑runran睡觉sleepslept说saysaid说speakspoke看见seesaw度过spendspent扫sweepswept7/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)（一）用be动词的合适形式填空I_______atschooljustnow.He________atthecamplastweek.We________studentstwoyearsago.They________onthefarmamomentago.YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.There________anappleontheplateyesterday.There_______somemilkinthefridgeonSunday.五、行为动词的过去时练习一（一）用行为动词的合适形式填空He_________(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.We_______(have)apartylastHalloween.Nancy________(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.I______(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.They______(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.Mymother_______(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.Thegirls____(sing)and___(dance)attheparty.8/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)小学英语语法【五】此刻达成时1）此刻达成时平常表示过去发生或已经达成的某一动作对此刻造成的影响和结果。说话人重申的是该动作或状态对此刻的结果或影响。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefore.我必定我们从前见过面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示开始于过去并连续到此刻的动作或状态，常常和包括此刻在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently,already,just,lately,for,since,yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.这些日子我没有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.近来我们没有见到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们走开已经两年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.3）.此刻达成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到此刻这段时间内重复发生的动作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.6.havebeento和havegoneto的差异havebeento重申“去过”，现已不在那里，如：HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，此刻已“不在美国”）havegoneto主要重申的是“去了”，此刻人不在说话的现场，如：--Where'syourmother?--你妈妈在哪？--Shehasgonetothehospital.--她去医院了。一构造必定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否认句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+have/has+not4.特别疑问句：特别疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他9/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)二常和此刻达成时一同连用的时间状语注意:.此刻达成时不可以独自与正确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.此刻达成时常常同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（必定）,yet（否认，疑问）,just,before,recently,still,lately，Just,already,yet,ever,never,before,twice(重复性时间)，for+短时间，since+点时间，sofar,howlong提问的疑问句中.......Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?2.此刻达成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever,never,twice,severaltimes等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingIhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanseveraltimes.3.此刻达成时还常常可以同包括此刻时间在内的时间状语连用,如uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,just,uptopresent(now),sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.三当此刻达成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必定使用连续性动词。假如谓语动词是非连续性动词则转变为对应的连续性动词。若不是和短时间连用，则不用转变。英语的行为动词有连续性动词和瞬时性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的差异。10/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)连续性动词:表示一个动作可以连续一段时间或更长时间。常有的study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,sit,stand,lie,keep等。瞬时性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬时，特别短暂。亦称停止性动词。常有的--begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,die,takeaway,putup,setout,puton,geton/off等renew,3.瞬时性动词在达成时中如要与表示连续一段时间的状语连用，平常企图思相当的连续性动词来代替Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears.（他从军已有3年了。）不用hasjoinedShehasbeenupforquitesometime.（她起床已有许久了。）不用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?（离家已有许久了吗？）不用hasleft常用瞬时动词相应连续性动词关系：1、go—beaway2、come—behere3、comeback—beback4、leave—beaway（benothere）5、buy—have6、borrow—keep7、die——bedead8、begin——beon9、finish—beover10、open——beopen11、close——beclosed12、lose——belost13、gettoknow—know14、turnon—beon15、getup——beup16、sitdown—sit/beseated17、join—bein（）或beamember18、become—be瞬时动词的否认形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用比方：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.（许久没见到你了。）11/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)一、单项选择1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_______what’shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMr.Li______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven____Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.12/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemad113、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.Arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.Began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.Was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity13/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)小学英语语法【六】过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时辰或许某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。Theywerewaitingforyouyesterday.他们昨天向来在等你。过去进行时的构成：必定形式：主语+was/were+V-ing否认形式：主语+wasnot(wasn't)/werenot(weren't)+V-ing疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+V-ing。基本用法：过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时辰正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，atthattime/moment,(at)thistimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week),at+点钟+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday)，whensb.didsth等时间状语从句，如：Whatwereyoudoingat7p.m.yesterday?昨天夜晚七点你在干什么？IfirstmetMarythreeyearsago.Shewasworkingataradioshopatthetime.我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商铺工作。Iwascookingwhensheknockedatthedoor.她敲门时我正在做饭。when后平常用表示暂短性动词，while后平常用表示连续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：WhenthecarexplodedIwaswalkingpastit.=WhileIwaswalkingpastthecaritexploded.用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomeonecalledme.我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。14/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：IwastakingawalkwhenImethim.我正在闲步，突然遇到了他。Wewereplayingoutsidewhenitbegantorain.我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较：一般过去时表示“在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态”，而过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特准时间正在进行的动作”。如：Tomwrotealettertohisfriendlastnight.汤姆昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）Tomwaswritingalettertohisfriendlastnight.汤姆昨晚向来在给他的朋友写信。（信不用定写完，但是重申了动作的连续性）。过去进行时和一般过去时的差异：一般过去时表示“在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态”，而过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特准时间正在进行的动作”。比方：IwasreadinganEnglishnovellastnight.昨晚我在看一本英文小说。（可能没看完）IreadanEnglishnovellastnight我昨晚看了一本英文小说。（已经看完）二、选择题。（）1.I______cookedamealwhenyou_____me.a.cooked,wereringingb.wascooking,rangc.wascooking,wereringingd.cooked,rang（）2.Hesaidhe_____todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.a.triesb.triedc.wastryingd.willtry（）3.Whileshe______TV,she______asoundoutsidetheroom.a.waswatching,washearingb.watched,washearingc.watched,heardd.waswatching,heard（）4.They_____afootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.a.werewatchingb.watchc.watchedd.arewatching（）5.Whatbook____you______whenI____youatfouryesterdayafternoon?a.did,read,wasseeingb.did,read,sawc.were,reading,sawd.were,reading,wasseeing15/18(完好版)小学英语常有时态与语法(解说与练习)（）6.ItwasFridayevening.MrandMrs.Green_____readytoflytoEngland.a.aregettingb.getc.weregettingd.got（）7.LeiFeng_____always_____ofotherswhenhe______inthearmy.a.is,thinking,wasb.was,thinking,isc.did,think,isd.was,thinking,was（）8.Agirl______mypenfalloffthetablewhenshe_____me.a.saw,passedb.wasseeing,passedc.wasseeing,passedd.wasseeing,waspassing（）9.We____fortomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus______.a.werewaiting,waitingb.werewaiting,waitc.waited,waitingd.waited,wait（）10.He____hisfatheronthefarmthewholeafternoonlastSaturday.a.helpsb.wouldhelpc.washelpingd.ishelping（）11.Whilemother_______somewashing,I_____akiteforKate.a.did,madeb.wasdoing,madec.wasdoing,wasmakingd.did,wasmaking（）12.“_______youangrythen?”“they______toomuchnoise.”a.are,weremakingb.were,weremakingc.are,maded.were,made（）13.He____somecookingatthattime,so_____mea.did,heardb.did,didn’thearc.wasdoing,heardd.wasdoing,didn’thear（）14.Thistimeyesterdayjack_____hisbike.He_____TVa.repai