提单(bill-of-lading)中英文简介

提单(bill_of_lading)中英文简介提单(bill_of_lading)中英文简介提单(bill_of_lading)中英文简介xxx公司提单(bill_of_lading)中英文简介文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度提单（billoflading）中英文简介简介提单（BillofLading,B/L）是由船长或承运人或承运人的代理人签发，证明收到特定货物，允许将货物运至特定目的地并交付于收货人的凭证。一、提单的作用1.提单是运输合同的证明2.提单是货物收据3.提单是物权凭证分类二、提单的分类1.按货物是否已装船区分1已装船提单（ShippedB/LoronBoardB/L）。2收货待运提单（ReceivedforShipmentB/L）。2．按提单抬头区分1记名提单（StraightB/L），又称收货人抬头提单。2指示提单（OrderB/L）。3不记名提单（BlankB/LorOpenB/L）。3.按无影响结汇的批注区分1清洁提单（CleanB/L）。2不清洁提单（FoulB/L）。4.按收费方式区分1运费预付提单(FreightPrepaidB/L)。2运费到付提单（FreightCollectB/L）。5.按船舶的经营方式区分1班轮提单(LinerB/L)。2租船提单（CharterParthB/L）。三、提单的缮制与签发1．托运人（Shipper）2．收货人（Consignee）3．通知人（NotifyParty）4．前段运输（Pre-Carriageby）5．收货地点(PlaceofReceipt)6．海运船舶及航次（OceanVesse）7．装货港（PortofLoading）8．卸货港（PortofDischarge）9．交货地点（PlaceofDelivery）10.唛头和号码、集装箱箱号和铅封号（Marks&Nos.、No.）11．集装箱数或件数（NoofContainerorPkgs）12．包装种类、货物名称（KindofPackages、DescriptionofGoods）13．毛重（GrossWeightkgs）14．体积（Measurement）15．运费和费用、付款地点及付款方式（Freight&Charges、Prepaidat、Payableat、Pre-paid、Collect）16．提单号和正本提单份数（B/LNo.、OriginalB(s)/L）17．签单地点和日期（PlaceandDateofIssue）18．代表承运人签字（SignedfortheCarrier）区别四、B/L与D/O的区别B/L：BILLOFLADING提单，是货物的物权凭证。D/O：DELIVERYORDER提货单，是目的港口提取货物时需要的凭证，不可以转让.货物上船之后，由船公司签发B/L给SHIPPER，SHIPPER将B/L转给CONSIGNEE，货物到达港口，CONSIGNEE凭B/L去船公司换取D/O，凭D/O去港口提货。二者在货物提取之前有且只有一个留在货主手里，只不过D/O不再是物权凭证，货主领取D/O之后，说明船公司已经把货物放给货主了。BillofLading-IntroductionWhendiscussingBillsofLading,wemustdistinguishbetweenacarrierB/L(B/L)andaHouseB/L(HBL).PleaseseeseparatechapterforHBL.InMaerskLogistics,wedonotissuecarrierBillsofLading.OnlyOceanCarriers(alsoknownasVOCCsorshippinglines)canissueacarrierB/L.Intheolddays,theBillofLadingwasadocumentissuedbythecaptainofthevesselforgoodscarriedonboardhisvessel.Thisisnotpracticaltodaywhereinsteadthedocumentisissuedbyanagentactingonbehalfofthecaptain.MaerskSealand’sofficesaroundtheworldhavebeenempoweredtosignBillsofLadingonbehalfof“thecaptain”(theprincipalcarrier).BillofLading-IssuingPartyTheB/Lisissuedbyanoceancarrier,alsoknownasaVOCC（船公司，有船公共承运人）(vessel-operatingcommoncarrier)orshippingline（航运公司）.MaerskSealand（马士基海陆有限公司）,beingaVOCC,issuesBs/Lforgoodsshippedonboardtheirvessels.BillofLading–FunctionsBasically,aBillofLadinghas3functions:1.Areceipt（收据）forthecargo2.Adocumentoftitle3.Evidenceofacontractofcarriage1.ReceiptforcargoTheB/Lisareceiptbythecarrierthatthegoodsareinhiscustody（保管）.TheB/Lactsasareceiptbetweentheshipperandthecarrieruntilsuchtimeastitlehasbeenpassedtoathirdparty(theconsignee).Thenitbecomesanindependentcontractbetweenthecarrierandthethirdparty.Thethirdpartyassumes（接管，承担）therights,responsibilitiesandobligationsidentical（同一的，完全相同的）tothoseoftheshipper.2.EvidenceofcontractofcarriageItiscommontoheartheB/Lreferredtoasthe‘contractofcarriage’.However,thecontractofcarriageisalwaystheunderlying（基本的）agreementbetweenthecarrierandthecustomertocarryhisgoods.TheB/Lismerelyevidenceofthis.TheB/Levidencesacontractofcarriagebetweentheoceancarrierandtheshipper/consigneeintheB/L.Alsosee:EvidenceofcontractofcarriageintheGlossary（词汇表）.3.DocumentofTitle（物权凭证，所有权凭证）AB/LisaDocumentofTitle.Thismeansthatthelegalright(thetitle)tothegoodscoveredbytheB/Lcanpassfromonepartytoanotherbymeansofendorsements（背书）(pleaseseeexplanationbelow).Thecarrierwillonlyreleasethegoodsatdestinationtoarightfulholderofadulyendorsed（提单可以适当背书）originalBillofLading.AtthetimetheB/Lisissued,theshipperwilladvisethecarrierwhotheB/Lshouldbeconsigned（交付）to-.whotheConsigneeontheB/Lis.TheshippercanchoosetoconsigntheB/Lindifferentways:a.Fullnameandaddressofanindividualorcompanyb.“TOORDER”(ofshipper)c.“TOORDEROF[bank]”-example:ToorderofDubaiBankd.“TOORDEROF[company]”-example:ToorderofToyTraderLtd.e.“TOORDEROF[individual]”-example:ToorderofGaryJensen,Street,City“Toorder”meansthatthepartycantransfertheirrightsasconsigneetoanotherpartybyendorsingtheB/L.3a.EndorsementAnendorsementisasignature(andcompanystamp)ontheB/L(andpreferablyalsoaclearwrittenstatementthattheB/Lisbeingendorsedto“CompanyXYZ”).TheendorsementiswrittenontheoriginalB/LdocumentbythepartywhoisshownastheconsigneeontheB/Lbutnowwishestotransferthisrighttoanotherparty.WhenobtainingtheendorsedB/L,thenewconsigneenowassumesallrights,obligationsandresponsibilitiesthatwerepreviouslyvestedinthefirstconsignee.ThisalsoincludestherighttotransfertheB/LtoyetanotherpartybyaddinganewendorsementontheB/Ldocument.Inthisway,achainofendorsementsmaytakeplace.TheOceanCarrier（海运承运人）willchecktheendorsementsontheoriginalB/Ldocumentbeforereleasingthegoodsatdestination.Asyoucansee,itisnotalwaysthefirstconsignee(asprintedontheB/Lwhenitwasissued)thatactuallytakedeliveryofthegoodsatdestination.BecauseofthisfunctionadDocumentofTitle,aB/Lisoftenreferredtoasa“negotiable”（可转让的）documentbut“transferable”isactuallythemorecorrectterm.BillofLading-OriginalsandCopiesThefactthatthecarrierB/LfunctionsasDocumentofTitleplacesgreatimportanceontheB/Ldocument.Allpartiesinvolved(shipper,consigneeandcarrier)relyonthedocumenttodecidewhocantakedeliveryofthegoodsatdestination.ThecarrierwillnormallyprintaB/Ldocumentin3originalsandareasonablenumberofcopies.ItisonlyanOriginalB/Ldocumentthatcanbetransferredtoanotherparty.Thecopiesmaybepre-printed‘Copy’or‘Non-Negotiable’.Botharenon-transferable.Although3originalshavebeenissued,thecarrierwillreleasethegoodsatdestinationtowhoeverpresentsonedulyandproperlyendorsedoriginalB/LNowyoumaythink:“Butwhatiftheshipper（托运人，发货人，货主）sellsthegoodstwiceandendorsestwooftheoriginalBs/Ltotwodifferentparties”ThecarriermustexerciseduecaretocheckthattheB/Lisproperlyendorsedtothepartywhosubmits（提交）it.Ifthisisthecaseandthecarrierisingoodfaith,hecanreleasethegoods.Thechangeofownershipofthecargoisamatterbetweenthesellerandthebuyeronly.Thecarrierisnotinvolved.Ifthesellerhassoldthegoodstwice,itisamatterbetweenthesellerandthetwobuyers.BillofLading-Carrier’sresponsibilityThethreemainareasofresponsibilityofthecarrierunderaB/Lare:1.Responsibilityforcorrectdescriptionofthegoods2.Responsibilitytoreleasethegoodstotheproperlyentitledpartyattheproperlocation3.Responsibilitytocareforthecargowhileitisinthecarrier’scustody1.ResponsibilityforcorrectdescriptionofthegoodsAnythirdpartybuyermaypurchasegoodsbyrelyingonthedescriptionofthegoodsintheB/L(quantity,condition,etc.).ThedescriptionofthegoodsontheB/Lisusuallysuppliedbytheshipperorhisagent.(Thecarrierwillnotknowwhatisinsideacontainerorcartonpackedbytheshipper).Itishoweveressentialthatifthecarrierknowsthatthedescriptionofthegoodssuppliedbytheshipperisnotcorrect(forexamplethatcartonsaredamaged),thecarrierclearlynotesthediscrepancy（不符，相差）ontheB/LorrefusestoacceptthecargoandissuetheB/L.IfthecarrierdoesnotnotethediscrepancyontheB/L,thecarrier“stepsintotheshoes”oftheshipperandassumesresponsibility,onbehalfoftheshipper,tothebuyerofthegoods.Thismeansthatiftherewasadisputebetweenthecarrierandthebuyerofthegoods,thebuyercouldfileaclaimagainstthecarrier.ThecarrierwouldneedtofileclaimagainsttheshipperbutmaynotbeabletoprovethatthegoodswerenotreceivedasstatedintheB/L.2.ResponsibilitytoreleasethegoodstotheproperlyentitledpartyattheproperlocationWhoeverpresentsadulyandproperlyendorsedB/Latthecorrectdestinationisentitledtotakedeliveryofthegoods.ThecarrierreceivingaB/Landbeingsatisfiedthattheproperendorsementisinplace,whenreleasingthegoods,isrelievedofanyresponsibilityshoulditlaterappearthattheB/Lholderwasinfactnottheproperreceiver.ThecarriermustofcoursealsoensurethatthepersonwhosubmitstheB/Landtakedeliveryofthegoodsisarepresentativeoftheconsignee.anemployeeoranagentofthecompanytowhomtheB/Lhasbeenconsigned).ReleaseofthecargowithoutreceiptofaproperlyendorsedB/Lcompromisesthecarrier’sresponsibilitytowardsthetrueownerofthegoods.Thismayexposethecarriertounlimitedliability（责任）inclusive（包括）ofconsequential(间接的)damages.Inotherwords,thecarriermayberequiredtocompensate（赔偿）therightfulconsigneenotonlyforthevalueofthegoodsbutpotentiallyalsoforadditionalcostssuchaslossofsalesprofits.IfthecarrierisindoubtaboutwhotherightfulowneroftheB/Lis,.becausetherehasbeenachainofendorsementsandthecarrierisnotfamiliarwithallsignaturesandstampsoftheintermediateconsignees,thecarriershouldinprinciplecontactthesepartiestocheck.Thecarriermaycanalsocontacttheshipperand/orthenotify（通知）partyontheB/Ltoheartheirviews.2a.ReleaseatdifferentdestinationIfthereleaseofthegoodsisrequestedatadestinationdifferentfromtheonementionedontheB/L,thecarriershouldfirstreceivethefullsetofBs/L(alloriginals)fortheparticularshipment.ThefullsetofanissuedB/Lhasanintendeddestination.SincereleaseispossibleagainstanyoneoftheBillsofLadinginaset,thenonlybyreceivingalltheissuedoriginalscanthecarrierassurehimselfthatnootherlawfulholderofanoriginalB/LcanpresenttheB/LattheB/Ldestinationandrightfullyclaimtitletothegoods.2b.ReleaseofgoodswithoutoriginalB/LorissuanceofanewsetofBillsItisacriticalsituationwhenthefullsetoforiginalBillsarelost.ByreleasingthegoodswithoutobtainingadulyendorsedoriginalB/L,thecarrierwillexposethemselvestounlimitedliability,incl.consequentialdamages,incasearightfulholderoftheB/Llaterturnsupandexpectstoreceivethecargo.Ontheotherhand,theconsigneemayinfactbethelegalownerofthegoodsafterhavingpaidtheshipperandthecarrierwillbeunderpressurefromtheconsigneetoreleasethegoodsassoonaspossible.Insuchasituation,thecarrierwilltypicallyaskboththeshipperandtheconsigneetoconfirmthattheyagreetotheissuanceofanewsetofbillsorreleaseofgoodswithoutthebills.Inaddition,thepartywhohasaskedforanewsetofbills(theshipperortheconsignee),orhasaskedtohavethegoodsreleased(theconsignee),isaskedtosignaLetterofIndemnity(LOI)andthismustbebackedupbyafirstclassbankguaranteewhichisvalidforaminimumof6yearsorwhatevertheB/Lfilingperiodisinthatcountry.Theprocessmustbeapprovedandreleasesignedoffbyappropriatemanagement.Itisacommercialdecisionbythecarrierwhethertheywillreleasethegoodsonthisbasisornot.tocareforthecargowhileinthecarrier’scustodyThedutyofcareofthegoodsisbothregulatedinlawandisbasedoncommonsense.IfthegoodsarrivedamagedatdestinationandnonotehasbeenmadeontheB/Lregardingtheconditionofthecargo,itisthecarrier’sresponsibility.Ifthecarrierwantstoclaimagainsttheshipper,itisthecarrier’sresponsibilitytoprovethatthegoodswerenotdamagedwhileinhiscustody.BillofLading–AmendmentWhenashipperrequestsanamendmenttoaB/Lwhichhasalreadybeenprintedandissued,thecarriermustmakeajudgmentoftherequestanddecideiftheB/Lcanbeamendedaccordingly.ThecarriermustensurethatthefullsetoforiginalBs/Larereturned(if3originalswereissued,3originalsshouldbereturnedforamendment)andensurethatthedescriptionofthegoodsisstillcorrect.IfashipperrequestsacompletelynewsetofBs/L,thisisconsideredanamendmentandthefullsetoforiginalsmustbesurrendered.Iftheshipperorconsigneeisnotabletoproducethefullsetoforiginals,thecarriershouldnotissueanew

set.Ifthecustomerinsists,thecarriermustmakeajudgmentofthecommercialriskandmaydecidethatanewsetcanbeissued.Insuchcase,thefirstsetofBs/Lwillbeconsideredlost.Youmustensuretochecklocalproceduresforthis.BillofLading-CargoDescriptionCargodescriptionThetransportprovidercannotphysicallyverifythecontentsofthecartonsandpackagesreceivedfromtheshipper.Forlegalreasons,thedescriptionofthegoodsmustthereforealwaysincludethewording“SaidToContain”or“tosignifythatthetransportproviderisrelyingonthedescriptionofthegoodssuppliedbytheshipper.Example:1020cartonsofCDplayers.Ifthecarrierknowsthatthedescriptionofthegoodssuppliedbytheshipperisnotcorrect(forexamplethatcartonsaredamaged),thecarriershouldnotethediscrepancyontheB/LorrefusetoacceptthecargoandissuetheB/L.No.ofpackagesIfcargoislostduringtransit,itisthenumberofunitsasstatedinthe“no.ofpkgs”fieldthatwillbeusedforcalculationofpotentialcompensationtotheowner.Forthisreason,thisfieldshouldalwaysreflectthesmallestnumberofshippingunits.Example1(FCLcontainer):“1x20’STD”insteadof“500cartons”.Example2(LCLshipment):“5pallets”insteadof“50cartons”.ClausesThetransportprovidershouldinserttheclause“Shipper’sload,stowandcount”ifthecustomerisloadingthecontainerathispremises.“Shippedonboard”mustonlybeusedwhenthedocumentisissuedaftervesselsailing.Ifthecustomerwantsthedocumentissuedbeforevesselsailing,theclause“Receivedforshipment”isusedinstead.Mostcarrierswillnotinserttheclause“Cleanonboard”ontheBill.EvenforLCL-shipmentswheretheyarephysicallyhandlingthecartons,theycannotcheckthequalityandconditionofthemerchandiseinsidethecartons.CleanB/LwithoutnotationsofdamagesorshortcomingsThebuyerorthebank(LetterofCredit)sometimesdemandsaso-called“cleanB/L”whichmeansaB/Lwithoutanynotesofdamagesorshortcomingsatthetimeofloading.Thissometimescreatesproblemsbetweenthecarrierandtheshipper,whoinspiteofdamageorotherdiscrepancytothecargowantstheshippinglinetoincorrectlyissuea“CleanB/L”againstaletterofindemnityfromtheshipperorabankguarantee.SuchindemnitiesarenotallowedundertheinternationalconventionsthatgovernsBs/Landifbroughttocourtwillnotbeupheld.Thereforethecarriershouldnotissue“Clean”Bs/Lifthisisnotthecorrectcargodescription.24-hourmanifestrule.customs)Youmayhaveheardaboutthe24-hourmanifestruleestablishedby.Customsanditsrequirementsregardingdescriptionofgoods-forexamplethat“isnotallowedandthatthecargodescriptionmustbeveryspecific.“generalmerchandise”andothergeneralcargodescriptionsarenotallowed).Forthepurposeoftransportdocumentation,youshouldbeawarethatthe.Customsrulesrelatetothevesselmanifest,nottheprintedBillofLadingorWaybilldocument.Thevesselmanifestisusedforcustomspurposes.TheprintedBillorWaybillisusedforlegalandcommercialpurposes.BillofLading-DocumentDateThedateoftheB/Lmustbethedateonwhichitisactuallyissued,irrespectiveofthedatethecargowasreceivedorloaded,howevernotearlierthanthedatethecargowasreceivedorloadedrespectively.Fora“ShippedonBoard”B/L,thedatecannotbeearlierthanthedatethecargowasactuallyloadedonboardthefirstvesselorconveyancementionedinthedocument.Fora“ReceivedforShipment”B/L,thedatecannotbeearlierthanthedatethecargowasactuallyreceivedattheplaceofreceiptorloadportmentionedinthedocument.Sometimes,ashipperwillrequestacarriertoissuetheB/Lwithearlierorlaterdatesinordertocomplywithtimerestrictionsintheshipper’sLetterofCredit.Thecarrierisnotobligedtodosoandshouldnotdoso.Itwouldbeconsideredanattempttodefraudthebuyer.BillofLading-FreightpaymentThechargespayableatorigin(usuallybytheshipper)arecalled“prepaid”.Thechargespayableatdestination(usuallybytheconsignee)arecalled“collect”.Inordertosecurepayment,thecarrierwillusuallynotreleasetheoriginalB/Ldocumenttotheshipperbeforehehaspaidallprepaidcharges.Atdestination,thecarrierwillusuallynotreleasethegoodsuntilallfreightchargesarepaid(evenwhenadulyendorsedB/Lispresented).Itisacommercialdecisionbythecarrierwhethertheywishtogranttheshipperand/orconsigneecredit.Ifcredithasbeengranted,thecarrierwillreleasethegoodsandexpectthefreightandothercoststobepaidwithintheagreedtime.Theshipperisresponsibleforadvisingthecarrierwhichchargesareprepaidandcollect.Ifthecarrierisindoubtwhethertheconsigneewillpayforthecollectcharges,hemaycheckwiththeconsigneebeforeacceptingtheshipment.Insomeareasoftheworld,fromwherethereisagreatriskand/orcostforthecarriertoshipcargo,thecarriermayrequirethatallchargesareprepaid.

BillofLading–FilingAftercollectingtheoriginalB/Landreleasingthegoods,thecarriershouldstamptheoriginalB/L“accomplished”(orsimilar).ThecarriermustthenfiletheoriginalB/Lforatleast6yearsaccordingtointernationalanddomesticregulations.Locallegislationmayrequirealongerfilingperiod.BillofLading-WhyusethisdocumentWhenbuyinggoodsinternationally,thereisadistancebetweenthebuyerandtheseller.Theexchangeofgoodsandthepaymentforthegoodsthereforecannottakeplaceatthesametime.Thesellerwantstoensurethathedoesnottransferownershipofthegoodswithoutreceivingpayment,andthebuyerwantstomakesurethathedoesnotpaywithoutgettingownershipofthegoodsthathewasexpecting.ThesellerusestheB/Lasproofthathehasdeliveredthegoodsforshipmentattheagreedplace.TheB/LalsoconfirmsthequantityandapparentconditionofthegoodsintheB/L.WhenaB/Lisissued(adocumentoftitle),thecarrierwillonlyreleasethegoodsatdestinationtothepartywhocanpresentanoriginalB/Lthatcoversthegoods.TheB/Lbecomesthe“keytothecargo”.Whenthebuyerhaspaidforthegoods,thesellerwilltransfertheoriginalBs/Ltothebuyer.Ifthebuyerdoesnotpayforthegoods,thesellercankeeptheoriginalBs/Landinthiswaycontrolthatthebuyerdoesnotreceivethegoodsfromthecarrier.(Insomecases,thebuyerwillrequiretoreceivetheoriginalsbeforepaying).IncaseswherethepaymentforthegoodsisfacilitatedbyabankthroughaLetterofCredit,thebankatoriginmayrequirethattheyobtaintitletothegoodsintheperiodbetweenpayingthesellerandobtainingpaymentfromthebuyerorthebuyer’sbank.ThisiswhytheB/Lissometimesconsigned“toorderof[bank]”.Ifithappenedthatthebuyercouldnotpayforthegoodsafterall,thebankwouldbeabletorecoversomeoftheirlossbysellingthegoods.Inothercases,theB/Lisusedbecausegoodsaresoldduringtransitandthereisaneedtohaveanegotiable/transferabledocumenttocovertheshipment.TheoriginalconsigneewillendorsetheB/Ltothenewconsigneewhocanthenobtainreleaseofthegoods.ItisimportanttonotethatalthoughtheB/Lisusedtofacilitatethepaymentofgoodsbetweensellerandbuyer,thecarrierdoesNOTtakepartinthechange

ofownershipofgoods.Thisisonlyamatterbetweenthesellerandthebuyer.ThecarrierfollowstherulesandobligationsasstatedintheB/Landcontractofcarriage(shipsandreleasesgoodsinaccordanceherewith).BillofLading-theroleofMaerskLogisticsInMaerskLogisticswedonotissuecarrierBillsofLading.However,weworkwiththecarrierseitheronbehalfoftheclients(whenweareactingasagentsonbehalfoftheshipperortheconsigneeandthecustomerhasagreedfreightratesandothertermsandconditionsdirectlywiththecarrier)orascustomers(whenweareactingasNVOCCandhavesub-contractedourshipmentstothecarrier).Scenario1:ActingasagentonbehalfofashipperorconsigneeWhenactingasagentonbehalfofourcustomers,thecarrierB/Levidencesacontractofcarriagebetweenthecarrierandourcustomer.MaerskLogisticsisnotapartytothecontractundertheB/Lalthoughweareperformingfreightforwardingservicesonbehalfofourclient.Inthisscenario,weusuallybookthecargowiththecarrierchosenbyourcustomer,arrangecontainerstobeloaded/consolidatedandbroughttothecarrier’sterminal,co-ordinatetheissuanceofdocumentsandcheckthedocumentsissuedbythecarrier.Wemayalsopaythecarrierchargesonbehalfofourcustomerandinvoicehimaccordingly.Atdestination,wemayco-ordinatethereleaseanddeliveryofthecontainerandarrangecustomsclearanceonbehalfofourclient.Scenario2:ActingasNVOCCWhenactingasNVOCC,MaerskLogisticsisthecustomerofthecarrier.Wethereforebookourshipmentswiththecarrier,deliverthe