中医功效和方剂名称翻译 归纳

“药品说明书"的英文表达方式有Instructons,Directions,PackageInsert，或简称Insert，也有用Leeflet或DataSheets①药品名称(DrugNameS),②'生状(Description)，③药理作用(PharmacologicalActions),④适应症(Indications),⑤禁忌证(Contraindications),⑥用量与用法(DOsageandAdministration).⑦不良反应(AdverseReactions)0@注意事项(Precautions),®包装(Package),⑩贮存(Storage),(ll其他项目(Others)。规格(specification)?镇静剂：sedatives,tranquilizers,sleepingpills,downers,depressants,anxiolytics,soporifics(催眠药),orsedative-hypnotics镇痛剂UAnalgesic(an-alge-sic)剂型：Pill,powder,ointment,smallpill,medicinalliquor,decoctingpieces丸，粉，油膏，小丸？药酒， 煎剂Bighoneyedpill,water-honeyedpill,medicinalwine,tablet,troche(药片、片剂)，softcapsule,granule(粒料)，syrup(糖浆)，wateredpill(水丸)，plaster(膏药、石膏)，aerosol(气雾剂)，smearedpill,pastedpill(糊剂)，liniment(擦剂)，tincture(酊剂)，power,concentratedpill(浓缩丸)，drippingpill,concentrateddecoction(浓缩煎剂)removingineffectiveelementslikestarchandfiberwhileretainingeffectiveelementslikeorganicacid,alkaloid,essentialoilandhigheralcohols有机酸，生物碱，香精油，高级醇中医英语翻译的一些特点采用音译法，阳明(Yangming)，功夫(KongFu),太极(Taiji)；或使用音义混合译法，如温阳(WarmingYang)阴阳五行(YinYangandfiveelements),孤阴(SingleYin),气分证(SyndromeofQisystem),太阳腑病(SyndromeofTaiyangFu-organ)，肺阴(theLung-yin),采用借代法，新造词汇。(1)湿(dampness,damp),湿毒(noxiousdampness),湿热(damp-heat)；(2)温(warming,warm),温邪(warm-pathogen,pathogenicwarm),温阳(WarmingYang)命门(thegateoflife)；火(有四重含义)：一作火或火邪(fire),二作火证(firesyndrome),三作五行之一oneofthefireelements,四作生理之火(physiologicalfire)；气有三重含义:一作气(Energy),二作正气(vitalenergy),三作功能活动(functionalactivity)；木火土金水(wood,fire,earth,metal,water)；水火不济(discordancebetweenwaterandfire)。将西医医学英语与中医医学英语交叉，构成复合词。大肠咳(coughwithfecalincontinence)；肺热(thelung-heat)；心合小肠(theheartisconnectedwiththesmallintestinefunctionally)；胃寒(coldsyndromeofthestomache)；肝厥(liver-syncopefailureofliver)等等。采用注释式翻译。标本同治(treatingboththeprincipalandthesecondaryaspectsofadisease)；低可去升(prescriptionwithloweringeffectcantreattheadverse-risingsyndrome)；无名肿毒(innominateinflanunatoryofunknownorigin)；健脾(invigoratingthespleen)；上实下虚(excessintheupperanddeficiencyinthelower)；益气解表法(supplementingQiandexpellingthepathogenicfactorsfromthebodysurface),5.完全摆脱中医字面意义，采用意译。如中药用的酒(liquor)，在国外被看作是烈生酒，翻译时改用wine,tonic(补药酒)，很好地体现了以酒为溶液与药物混合一体，成为可口服的药物之意。肺风粉刺：（acnerosacea，即红斑座疤）；湿癣：（exudativedermatitis即渗出性皮炎）；风疽：（chroniceczema，即慢性湿疹）；肠风：（freshbloodinstoo1，即便血）；水气：（edema，即水肿）。常用词地表达：“通” 通畅之意invigorate,ease,clear,induce,promote,treat通脉invigorating（oractivating）pulse-beat或promotingcirculationofqi;通经restoringmenstrualflow或inducing（in-creasingorpromoting）menstruation。通腑removingheatbycatharsis,relaxingthebowels或freemovementofthebowels通则通用treatingdiarrheawithpurgatives。“补” 补养之意nourish,enrich,tonify,reinforc，strengthen，replenish及invigorate补血，enrichingtheblood（滋养血液）；补肝，nourishingtheliver；补肾（脾，脑），invigorating（tonifying）thekidney（thespleen，thebrain），“祛” 消除、驱散的意思e1iminate,dispel,remove,expel祛风，expellingthewind；祛寒，dispellingthecold；祛痰，removingthephlegm；祛邪，eliminatingthepathogenicfactor0“理” 调理的意思regulatetreat理气，regulatingtheflowofqi；理中，regulatingthefunctionofthemiddle-jiao。理血，treatingtheblooddisorder。“活” 主要是指驱散癖血activate，promote活络，activatingthecollaterals； 活血，promotingbloodcirculation。“疏” 疏解疏散之意sooth,releave,disperse，dispel,promote,dredge疏散风热寒邪所致的郁结、气滞等，常选用sooth,releave,disperse，dispel等来表达。疏通气血经脉，常用promote,dredgeo疏风，expellingwind；疏肝。soothingtheliver。疏通经络，dredgingthechannel；疏通气血，promotingflowofqiandblood。“泻” 是清泻的意思expel,purge,remove,relax,clearaway泻下通便，relaxingthebowelswithpurgative；泻火，purgingintenseheat；泻水removingwaterretention；泻热，expellingthepathogenicheat；泻肺，purgingthelungofpathogenicfire；泻肝，clearingawaytheliver-fire。“生” 是通过补益的方法促进津液气血的生成promote,invigorate,activate生津，promotingtheproductionofthebodyfluid；生肌，promotingtissueregeneration；生阳，invigoratingvitalfunction；生脉，activatingpulse。“宣” 是散布、宣通的意思facilitate,dispel，ventilate,clear宣肺，ventilating（clearing）thelungorpromotingthedispersingfunctionofthelung；宣散风寒，dispellingthewindcold；宣肺平喘，facilitatingtheflowofthelung-qitorelieveasthm&10 “利” 使通畅的意思relieve,induce,remove利尿，inducingdiuresis； 利湿，removingdampness；利咽，relievingsore-throat； 利气活血，promotingcirculationofqiandblood；利筋骨，relievingrigidityofmusclesandjoints；利胆，normalizingthesecretionanddischargeofbile。常用的还有“养”、“除”、“固”、“醒”、“消”、“敛”、“安”、“润”、“破”、“镇”、“熄”、“涤”等健脾strengthenthespleeninvigoratethespleenfortifythespleen开胃increasingtheappetiteimprovingtheappetite健脾开胃invigoratingthespleenandincreasingtheappetite消食化积promotingdigestiontoeliminatestagnation补血益气tonifyingthebloodandreplenishingqi八纲辨证analysisanddifferentiationofpathologicalconditionsinaccordancewitheightprincipalsyndromes中医方剂学译名法则：根据药物组成命名，六味地黄丸 PillofSixDrugsContainingRehmanniaePraeparata;根据方剂的功用来命名，消风散 PowderforDispersingWindEvil;根据方剂的主药和功用来命名，黄连解毒汤——DecoctionofCoptidisforDetoxification。中药名汉英翻译模式1.1根据药料取名的中成药 药料+剂型五仁露一FiveSeedsSyrup黄答汤一RadixScutellariateDecoction牡蝠散一ConchaOstreaePower木香槟榔丸一AucklandiaeandArecaPill苏合香丸一ResinaLinquidambarisOrientalisBolus1.2根据病症取名的中成药 药名+剂型病气汤一HemiaDecoction阴虚丸一YinAsthenicPill1.3根据药物功效取名的中成药功效+剂型 剂型+for+功效，保和丸一DigestionpromotingPill涤痰丸一Phlegm-eliminatingPellet柏子养心丹一SemenBiotaePillforNourishingtheHeart补中益气煎膏一DecoctedPasteforStrengtheningMiddleWarmerandBenefitingVitalEnergy狗皮膏药一dogskinplaster风湿膏Anti-rheumPlaster泻白散一Lung-HeatExpellingPower肾气丸一PillforInvigoratingKidneyEnergy清暑益气汤一DecoctionforClearingAwaySummer-heatandBenefitingEnergy1.4根据主药料+功效取名的中成药主药料+剂型+for+功效(名词或名词短语)，如果主药料名和功效语都较长，可选用:剂型+of+主药料+for+功效(名词或名词短语)牛黄清心丸一CalculusBovisBolusforClearingAwayHeat-fire甘草泻心汤一RadixGlycyrrhizaeDecoctionforPurgingStomach-fire当归补血散一RadixAngelicaeSinesisPowerforEnrichBlood安宫牛黄丸一CalculusBovisBolusforResurrection羌活胜湿汤一DecoctionofRhizomaseuRadixNotopterygiiforExpellingWetness藿香正气水一HerbaAgastachisSyrupforRestoringHealthyEnergy养阴清肺糖浆一SyrupforNourishingYinandClearingAwayLung-heat牛黄降压片—CalculusBovisTabletsforHypertension精制银翘解毒片一Well-preparedTabletofFructusForsythiaeandFlosLonicerae其他：牛黄清心片bezoarsedativepillscow-bezoarsedativebolus安神补心丸sedativeandheart-invigoratingpill安宫牛黄丸bezoarchestfunctioningpill牛黄解毒片bezoarantidotalpills肺咽清Pulmoclear(pulmonary+clear)、养生丸Vitapill(vital+pill)鼻敏灵Nasowell(nasal+well)。消食补血口服液OralLiquidforDigestionandBloodImprovement2 中药功效语的汉英翻译模式2.1译成两个并列的英语动词短语翻译公式:Ving+(n)+Ving+(n)，如：清热解毒一clearingheatanddetoxifying清肺养阴一nourishingfeverandcausingdiuresis生津化痰一promotingtheproductionofbodyfluidandresolvingphlegm明目清肝一improvingeyesightandremovingheatfromtheliver宽胸散结一relievingstuffinessofthechestandreducingmass益气生津一supplementingqiandpromotingitsyinessence利咽消肿一relievingsore-throatanddiminishingswelling疏风醒脑一eliminatingheadacheandrefreshing2.2译成带目的状语的动词短语翻译公式：Ving+(n)+to+V+(n)，如：活血通络一promotingbloodcirculationtoremoveobstructioninthechannels润肠通便一looseningtheboweltorelieveconstipation化痰止咳一reducingsputatorelievecough清热消食一removingpathogenicheattopromotedigestion除湿止痒一removingdampnesstorelieveitching增津补肾一promotingtheproductionofbodyfluidtorestoreqi散寒止咳一expellingcoldtorelievevomiting健肺养颜一invigoratingthelungtonourishtheface2.3译成带方式状语的动词短语翻译公式：Ving+(n)+by+Ving+(n)，如：养心安神一tranquilizingthemindbynourishingtheheart健脾止泻一stoppingdiarrheabyinvigoratingthespleen清热排脓一eliminatingpusbyclearingawaytheflowofqi补肺定喘一relievingwheezingbytonifyingthelung利胆退黄一curingjaundicebynormalizingfunctioningofthegallbladder托毒合疮一healingulcerbyexpellingtoxin养血复脉一recoveringpulseconditionbynourishingthebloodbezoarsedativepillscow-bezoarsedativebolus牛黄清心片Bezoaristhegall-stoneofthecattlepill丸剂将药材细粉或药材提取物加适宜的黏合剂或其他辅料制成球形或类球形制剂的统称。分蜜丸、水丸、水蜜丸、糊丸、浓缩丸、蜡丸和微丸等。Bolus①食团；〔大〕药丸：易吞服的或在胃肠中通过的食物或药剂的圆形团块；②集合药团：静脉注射药剂（例如不透光造影剂或放射性同位素）而形成的浓缩药团；③散射体：置于辐射源和皮肤之间的散射物质（例如蜡、石蜡、水袋或米面粉混合物），翻译举例：乌鸡白凤丸具有补气养血，调经止带之功效，主治气血两虚引起的身体瘦弱、腰酸腿软、阴虚盗汗、经血不调、子宫虚寒、行经腹痛、崩漏带下、产后失血等症。方中专饲专供的纯种优质乌鸡，补肝肾，养气血，养阴退热之功显著。全方配伍，药性平和，不寒不燥，最适合妇女补血调经之用，尤其在透达血分虚热方面功效更为显著。TheWUJIBAIFENGBOLUShastheeffectofinvigoratingthevitalenergyandnourishingblood,regulatingmenstruationandstoppingleukorrhea.Itissuitablefortreatmentofsymptomscausedbydeficiencyofboththevitalenergyandblood,suchasweaknessandleanness，lassitudeintheloinsandknees，nightsweatduetoinsufficiencyoftherefinedmaterialsintheviscera，irregularmenstruation，asthenia-coldofuterus，dysmenorrhea，metrorrhagia，leukorrhagiaandpostpartumbleeding.Thesilkyfowlintheprescriptionisspeciallybredandsupplied,qualityandpurebred，whichhastheremarkableeffectonnourishingtheliverandkidney，invigoratingthevitalenergyandblood，nourishingtherefinedmaterialsinthevisceraandclearingawaypathogenicheat.Themedicine，withevenproperty，neithercoldnordry，ismostsuitablefornourishingbloodandregulatingmenstruationinwomen，especiallyefficaciousonexpellingpathogenicheatduetodeficiencyfrombloodsystem.如在“养生丸”说明书中有这样一个长句，“由于环境的污染，各种理化及放射性因素，直接或间接地损害到人类健康，虚耗精气，出现头晕耳鸣、腰膝酸软、脱发齿摇、健忘早衰、精神疲惫、气短喘促、滑精早泄、食欲不振、消化功能差等表现。为了能准确、通顺地表达原文的思想，译者就必须对原作的表现形式做必要的调整，如：Becauseofe