考研考博-英语-惠州学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-惠州学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Theincident（）pressinterest.Reportersfromseveralnewspaperscametointerviewhim.

问题1选项

A.purchased

B.produced

C.provoked

D.processed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这个事件引起了新闻界的兴趣。数家报社的记者前来采访他。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Purchase购买,贏得;produce生产;制造;生长;provoke激怒,煽动,引起;process加工,处理;审阅,审核。故C符合句意。

2.单选题

Thediscussionhasbeenunexpectedlygoingforthreehours,andI’mafraidtheywill（）itstilllonger.

问题1选项

A.extend

B.lengthen

C.stretch

D.protract

【答案】D

【解析】extend延伸,扩大；lengthen延长,加长；stretch伸展,延伸；protract（时间）延长。句意：讨论出乎意料地进行了三个小时,恐怕他们会把时间拖得更长。只有选项D表示时间延长,符合语境。

3.单选题

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.（

）

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.（

）

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.（

）

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.（

）

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

ThepassagehassixsectionsA-F.ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsA-Dfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,I-VII,inboxes14-17onyouranswerSheet.

问题1选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题2选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题3选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题4选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:F

第3题:E

第4题:G

【解析】1.根据SectionA的主要内容，可知该段首先介绍了各种类型的欺凌，然后具体分析了英国小学的欺凌现象，可判断出整个段落的主要内容为：对英国学校欺凌现象的调查。选项Ⅳ符合题意。

2.根据SectionB第一句“Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide…”，欺凌是令人不愉快的，而且会让经历欺凌的孩子感到自卑和沮丧。在极端情况下，它甚至会导致自杀。下文继续提到了受到欺凌的小学生在成年后更容易遇到交际困难。可判断出本段主要提到欺凌对孩子们带来的影响。选项Ⅵ符合题意。

3.根据SectionC第二句“…schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知过去学校会否认学校欺凌这个问题，声称学校没有欺凌事件。下文继续提到学校的态度发生了改变，“…moreschoolsarenowsaying:‘Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.’”，许多学校现在承认欺凌现象的出现，并且会有明确的应对措施。可判断出本段主要提到了学校对欺凌事件的态度变化。选项V符合题意。

4.根据SectionD第一句“Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.”，可知本段主要对学校态度转变的原因进行了解释，此句为中心句。可判断出此段的主要内容为导致学校采取新的应对方法的原因，选项Ⅶ符合题意。

4.单选题

Iamtoinformyou,thatyoumay,ifyouwish,attendtheinquiry,andattheinspectorsdiscretionstateyourcase（）orthroughanentrustedrepresentative.

问题1选项

A.indepth

B.insecret

C.inperson

D.inexcess

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项indepth“深入地；全面地”；B选项insecret“秘密地；私下地”；C选项inperson“本人；亲自”；D选项turnup“出现；发生；开大；发现；卷起；使仰卧”。句意：我要通知你，如果你愿意，你可以参加调查，并根据调查人员的决定亲自或委托代表陈述你的情况。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Scientistsspeculatethat（）populationgrowthanddwindlingresourcesmayforcehumanbeingstolooktotheseaforfood.

问题1选项

A.unavoidable

B.unexpected

C.unrestrained

D.uncommon

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。unavoidable不可避免的；unexpected意外的，意想不到的；unrestrained无限制的；uncommon不常见的。由后面的结果“人类将转到海洋去寻求食物”可推知原因是无限制的人口增长以及资源的不断减少。故C项正确。句意：科学家预测无限制的人口增长以及不断减少的自然资源将迫使人类往海洋寻求食物。

6.单选题

Duringperiodsofsocialstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbydogmatiststhatallrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythe（

）.

问题1选项

A.elite

B.disenfranchised

C.reactionaries

D.dissatisfied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词及名词辨析。elite“精英；精华”；disenfranchised“被剥夺权利的”，thedisenfranchised“被剥夺权利的人”；reactionaries“反动派”；dissatisfied“不满意的；不高兴的”。句意：在社会稳定时期，很多艺术学院被教条主义者牢牢地控制，以至所有真正有创意的作品必须由那些被剥夺了权利的人完成。由“controlledbydogmatists被教条主义者控制”及“realcreativework真正有创意的作品”的对应知“真正有创意的作品都是由艺术学院里被剥夺了权利的人来完成。被教条主义控制意味着被剥夺了权利。

7.单选题

Themobwas（）bythefieryspeechandthentheymarcheddownthemainstreet,andsetmanyChinesestoresonfire.

问题1选项

A.wakened

B.aroused

C.inspired

D.agitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:wake“唤醒”；B:arouse“引起，唤醒”；C:inspire“鼓舞，激发”；D:agitate“动摇，煽动，使激动”。句意：暴民被激烈的演说煽动，纷纷走上街头，把很多中国的商店点着了。根据句意和关键词：暴民、激烈的演说可知D为正确答案。

8.单选题

YouandIagreetomeetatfour-thirty,Ishowupat4:33.Idon’tsayanything,becausethat’scloseenoughtosatisfyoursocialcontract.Onlyafterfiveminutesdoyouexpectmetosay,“Sorry,I’mlate.”AttenminutesIoweyouanexplanation,“Thefreewayexitwasclosed.Ihadtogofourmilesoutofmyway.”AftertwentyminutesIhavetomakeafullandseriousapology.AfterfortyminutesI’dbetternotshowupatall.

Thatsortofthing—formallyobservedandneverexplicitlystated—drivespeoplefromotherculturescrazy.Anthropologistslistthetoughestthingstocopewithinaforeignland.Secondonlytolanguageisthewaywedealwithtime.

Nowpsychologistslookatourviewoftimeanotherway.Theygointoseveralcountriesandmeasurethepaceoflife.Theymeasuretheaccuracyofbankclocksandhowfastcitydwellerswalk.Theytimetransactionsinbanksandpostoffices.Theyseehowlongpeoplelaketoanswerquestions.

Japanesekeepthefastestpace.Americansareaclosesecond.ItaliansandIndonesiansareatthebottomofthelist.Italiansgivelonganswerstoyourquestions.Indonesiansdon’tgiveafigaboutstingtheirbankclocks.AmongAmericancities,BostonandKansasCityarefastest.NewYorkisupthere,ofcourse,butwekeepafasterpacehereinHouston.California’s“laidback”reputationisdeserved.TheslowestpaceofalliskeptinLosAngeles.

Finally,welookatheartdisease.That’stricky,becauseotherfactorsareinvolved.Ourheart’sgreatestenemyistobacco.Butheartdiseasealsocorrelateswiththepacewekeep.Smokerswhodrivethemselvesarereallyaskingforit.

Nowit’s4:55.I’mstrolling,unhurriedtowardour4:30meeting.I’mthinkingsomethingaboutIsaacWatts,theEnglishpoet,wrote:

Time,whatanemptyvapouritis;

Anddayshowswifttheyare!

SwiftasanIndianarrowflies,

Orlikeashootingstar.

Thattensionsoaksthroughourviewoftime.Canweseetimeasanemptyvapor?Ordoourtechnologiesdefinetimeandbindustoin?Inatechnology-denseworld,wetoooftenlettimeturnintoanIndianarrow—oneaimedatourheart.

Sotheclockticks,andweask:Istimeanarrowwemustdodgeorvaporwecanignore?Ifwe’resmart,welivebytheclockonlywhenwehaveto.Otherwise,wesitbackandplay.Weknowhowtolettinebeonlyvapor,afterall.

1.InAmericayouhavetoapologizesincerelyifyouare________.

2.Weknowfromthepassagethat________.

3.IntheUnitedStates,thepaceoflifeisquiterelaxedin________.

4.Whichsentencecorrectlyrestates“Smokerswhodrivethemselvesarereallyrallyaskingforit”?

5.Whattheauthorwantstotellusisthat________.

问题1选项

A.5minuteslate

B.20minuteslate

C.40minuteslate

D.10minuteslate

问题2选项

A.Indonesiansdonotmeasuretheaccuracyofbankclocks

B.Japanesekeepafairlyfastpace

C.thepaceoflifeinAmericaisthefastest

D.Italianslaketheirtimeindoingthings

问题3选项

A.California

B.Houston

C.LosAngeles

D.NewYork

问题4选项

A.Smokersshouldnotdrivecarsbecausetheygetintoaccidentseasily.

B.Smokerswhohaveheartdiseaseshouldnotdrivethemselves.

C.Smokerswhoworktoohardwillsoonfindthemselvesdownwithhearttrouble.

D.Smokerswhodrivetheirowncarsarereallyaskingfortrouble.

问题5选项

A.peoplewithhearttroubleshouldnotsmoke

B.timeisdangerousinthatitislikeanarrowaimedatourhearts

C.livingbytheclockinourtechnology-denseworldcouldbefatal

D.weshouldavoidhavingeverymomentofourliferuledbytheclock

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段AftertwentyminutesIhavetomakeafullandseriousapology.AfterfortyminutesI’dbetternotshowupatall.（在迟到20分钟后，我必须真诚道歉。在迟到40分钟后，我最好不露面。），所以B选项“迟到20分钟”正确。A选项“迟到5分钟”对应文章第一段，此处提到在迟到五分钟后，我应该说“对不起，我来迟了”，与题干不符，属于出处错位；C选项“迟到40分钟”对应第二段“迟到40分钟后，我最好不露面”，与题干意思不符，属于出处错位；D选项“迟到10分钟”对应第二段“在迟到10分钟后，我欠你一个解释”，与题干意思不符，属于出处错位。因此B选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段Japanesekeepthefastestpace.Americansareaclosesecond.ItaliansandIndonesiansareatthebottomofthelist.Italiansgivelonganswerstoyourquestions.Indonesiansdon’tgiveafigaboutsettingtheirbankclocks.（日本人回答问题的速度最快。美国人紧随其后。意大利人和印尼人排在最后。意大利人对你的问题回答很长。印尼人对设置银行时钟毫不在意。），由日本人回答问题的速度可推断出日本人的生活节奏很快，所以B选项“日本人的节奏相当快”正确。A选项“印度尼西亚人不会测量银行时钟的准确性”说法错误，此处只提到印度尼西亚人对银行设置的时钟不理会，并没有提到时钟的准确性测量，属于曲解原文；C选项“美国的生活节奏是最快的”说法错误，此处说到日本的生活节奏最快，美国第二，属于反向干扰；D选项“意大利人做事很费时”说法错误，此处只提到意大利人在银行回答问题的答案很长，并不意味着他们做所有的事情都费时，属于曲解原文。因此B选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段AmongAmericancities,BostonandKansasCityarefastest.NewYorkisupthere,ofcourse,butwekeepafasterpacehereinHouston.California’s“laid-back”reputationisdeserved.TheslowestpaceofalliskeptinLosAngeles.（在美国城市中，波士顿和堪萨斯城的生活节奏是最快的。当然，纽约在这方面一直领先，但休斯敦的节奏比纽约更快。加利福利亚“悠闲”的名声当之无愧。最慢的是洛杉矶。），由此可知洛杉矶是美国生活节奏最轻松的，所以C选项“洛杉矶”正确。A选项“加利福利亚”，虽然此处提到了加利福利亚的生活很轻松，但不是最轻松的，故不选，属于出处错位；B选项“休斯顿”，此处说到纽约的生活节奏一直很快，休斯顿比纽约更快一点，而题干中问的是生活最轻松的地方，故B选项和D选项“纽约”都不选，属于反向干扰。因此C选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段Finally,welookatheartdisease.That’stricky,becauseotherfactorsareinvolved.Ourheart’sgreatestenemyistobacco.Butheartdiseasealsocorrelateswiththepacewekeep.Smokerswhodrivethemselvesarereallyaskingforit.（最后，我们来看看心脏病。这很棘手，因为还涉及到其他因素。我们心中最大的敌人是烟草。但心脏病也与我们保持的节奏有关。自己开车的吸烟者真的是自找麻烦），由此可推断出患有心脏病的吸烟者不应该自己开车，所以B选项“患有心脏病的吸烟者不应该自己开车”正确。A选项“吸烟者不应该开车，因为他们很容易出事故”和D选项“自己开车的烟民真是自找麻烦”此处都有提到，但是吸烟者开车并不会有什么危险，除非他患有心脏病，A、D选项都没有体现这一点，属于曲解原文；C选项“努力工作的吸烟者很快就会发现自己患有心脏病”文章并没有明确提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后两段尤其最后一段的第二句Ifwe’resmart,welivebytheclockonlywhenwehaveto.（如果我们够聪明，我们只会在必要的时候按时间行事。），结合文章可知作者把时间比喻成蒸汽和指向我们心脏的利箭，但其实患心脏病也与生活节奏有关，所以可以推断作者认为生活节奏快对身体健康是不利的，我们的生活不应该完全受时间掌控，所以D选项“我们应该避免让时钟主宰我们生活的每一刻”正确。A选项“患有心脏病的人不应该吸烟”对应文章五段，文章只在该段提到了吸烟对心脏病有消极作用，但作者还提到了生活节奏太快也会导致心脏病发作，且全文都与生活节奏相关，所以A选项不足以概括作者的意图，属于以偏概全；B选项“时间是危险的，因为它就像一支指向我们心灵的箭”对应文章倒数第二段，此处提到我们的技术定义了我们对时间的看法，它可以是一把利箭，我们也可以把它当蒸汽，这都取决于人们自己的选择，属于以偏概全；C选项“在我们这个技术密集的世界里，按时钟生活可能是致命的”对应倒数第二段的最后一句，虽然该选项说法无误，但是不足以概括作者的意图，属于以偏概全。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Hisconsciousnessoftheurgencyofthesituationencouragedhimtohurry.

问题1选项

A.identification

B.recognition

C.comprehension

D.awareness

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项identification“鉴定，识别（具体的，外在的可以看到信息）”；B选项recognition“识别，承认（其他人眼中是怎样的看法）”；C选项comprehension“理解，包含”；D选项awareness“意识，认识”。句意：他对形势紧急的意识促使他赶快行动。原句表达的意思是，他的意识在督促他行动，因此D选项符合题意。

10.单选题

OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships________followtrafficrulesinbusyharbors.

问题1选项

A.cautiously

B.dutifully

C.faithfully

D.skillfully

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项“谨慎地”；B选项“忠贞地，尽责地”；C选项“忠实地，如实地”；D选项“巧妙地，熟练地”。句意：海岸警卫队的职责之一是确保所有船只在繁忙的港口（）遵守交通规则。根据关键词trafficrule，我们一般是如实地遵守，而不是说谨慎地、有技巧地遵守，所以C选项最正确。

11.单选题

Iregret（）youthatIcan'tgotoHangzhouforavisitnextSundaywithyou,becauseI'vecaughtabadcold.

问题1选项

A.totell

B.telling

C.tell

D.havingtold

【答案】A

【解析】regrettodosth.指很遗憾要做某事；regretdoingsth.指很遗憾做过某事。根据句意可知,这里指很遗憾的告诉你...nextSunday,事情还没有发生,所以选项A正确。

12.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Psychologistshavelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersiscentraltowell-being,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderinvestigation.1.Inonestudy,researcherseavesdroppedonundergraduatesforfourdays,thencatalogedeachoverheardconversationaseither“smalltalk”or“substantive”.Theyfoundthatthesecondtypecorrelatedwithhappiness—thehappieststudentshadroughlytwiceasmanysubstantivetalksastheunhappiestones.Smalltalk,meanwhile,makesuponly10percentoftheirconversation,versus30percentofconversationamongtheleastcontentstudents.

2.Butdon’twriteoffchitchatjustyet.Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding;andmaintainclosenesswithlovedones,andcouldn’tbemerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.

Still,banteringwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.3.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagocommutersvaryingdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowtrainpassengers.Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourneythanthosetoldto“enjoyyoursolitude”ortodowhatevertheynormallywould.Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrebuffed.Andtheresultsheldforintrovertsandextrovertsalike—whichmakessense,sinceactingextrovertedhasapositiveeffectonintroverted.

4.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwithandbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristasreportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction.

Ofcourse,someofusarebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“lesscurious”,byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyaresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure.5.Butpeoplewhoaredeemed“curious”needednohelptransformingaboutmundanethingslikefavoriteholidaysintointimateexchanges.A“curiousmind-set”、theauthorsconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteraction”.Sogoahead,pry.Chitchatneedn’tbeidle.Andnoisinessisn’tallbad.

【答案】1.在一项研究中，研究人员对大学生进行了为期四天的偷听，然后将每一次听到的谈话分类为“闲聊”或“实质性谈话”。他们发现第二种类型的学生与快乐有关——最快乐的学生进行实质性谈话的次数大约是最不快乐的学生的两倍。

2.但现在还不要对闲聊一笔勾销。科学家认为闲聊可以增进感情；和所爱的人保持亲密，不能仅仅是和陌生人尴尬的交流。

3.在一系列的实验中，心理学家就是否与火车上的其他乘客交谈给芝加哥的通勤者不同的建议。那些被告知与他人聊天的人比那些被告知“享受独处”或做他们通常会做的事情的人更愉快。没有人说自己被拒绝了。

4.闲聊也能让我们感觉和周围的环境有联系。与那些匆匆完成交易的人相比，那些对咖啡师微笑、与他们进行眼神交流、与他们简短交谈的人有更强的归属感。

5.但是那些被认为“好奇”的人不需要别人的帮助，就能把平常的事情，比如喜欢的节日，变成亲密的交流。作者总结说，一种“好奇的心态”可以导致“积极的社会互动”。去吧，pry。闲聊不必是无聊的。噪音也不全是坏事。

13.单选题

Thechairmanmadea（）statementbeforetheopeningceremony.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.intermediate

C.preliminary

D.solitary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项intensive“加强的；集中的；透彻的；加强语气的”；B选项intermediate“中间的，中级的”；C选项preliminary“初步的；开端的；预备性的”；D选项solitary“孤独的；独居的”。句意：在开幕式之前，这位主席做了一个预备性的陈述。根据句意，判断出C选项正确。

14.填空题

Thesedayspeoplegettheirnewsfrommanydifferent（1）.Somepeoplestillreadanold-styleprinteddailynewspaper,while（2）readnewspaperson（3）.Manypeopleno（4）readanewspaperatall,insteadrelying（5）theinternetforshortnewsarticles,orvisitingfavoritewebsitesthatcirculatepiecesfromotherwebsites.AnothergroupofpeoplegetmostoftheirnewsfromTVorradiobroadcasts.ManyWesternintellectualsregardthedeclineofthegreat

dailynewspapersasanegative（6）thatwillleadtoa（7）understandingofworldaffairs.Theyarealarmedbythegrowingnumberofpeoplewholargely

（8）

theoutsideworld,focusingontheirownsocietyorsmallpersonalsphere.

句意:

现在人们可以通过多种出处获取新闻。一些人仍然阅读老式的纸质日报，而另一些人则在网上看报纸。许多人不再在网上看报纸，相反只是依赖网络去关注短消息，或浏览自己喜欢的网站。还有一群人是通过电视或收音机获取大部分消息。许多西方知识分子把伟大的日报的衰落视为一种负面的现象，它将导致人们对世界事务了解的匮乏。他们惊讶地发现，越来越多的人只会把注意力放在自我世界之中，关心自己的事，而忽视外面的世界。

【答案】1.sources

2.others

/r/ernet

4.longer

5.on

6.phenomenon

7.poor

8.ignore

【解析】1.逻辑衔接。由关键词“news新闻”知这里指代“从不同的出处或消息来源获取新闻”，故这里填sources“出处；消息来源”。

2.固定搭配。some...others—些，另一些。

3.逻辑衔接。文中提到一些人读纸质报纸，那另一些人很自然就读网上的报纸。

4.固定搭配。Nolonger...atall不再

5.固定搭配。relyon依靠

6.语义题。句意:许多知识分子把伟大的日报的衰落视为一种负面的现象。

7.语义题。句意:阅读报纸的人数下降，人们对世界事务的了解变得匮乏。

8.语义题。句意:人们把注意力放在个人世界里，也就会无视外面的世界。

15.单选题

Enthusiastsfromaroundtheworld（）onLeMansfortheannualcarrace.

问题1选项

A.coverage

B.idiot

C.consume

D.converge

【答案】D

【解析】句意：来自世界各地的狂热分子，因为年度赛车比赛（）勒芒。coverage范围，规模；idiot白痴；consume消耗，挥霍；converge集合，汇聚。因此，D项符合句意。

16.单选题

ThoughIhadtriedtoexplainitasclearlyaspossible,myexplanationseemednotto（

）.

问题1选项

A.getup

B.getalong

C.getacross

D.getdown

【答案】C

【解析】动词短语。getup“起床”；getalong“相处，进展”；getacross“使……被理解”；getdown“从…下来，使沮丧”。句意：尽管我努力解释地足够清楚了，但是我的解释似乎不能被理解。选项C符合题意。

17.单选题

Anarchaeologisthastopaymuchattentionto（）detailsofanunearthedobject.

问题1选项

A.miserable

B.minus

C.minute

D.moist

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。C项minute（极小的，微小的）与句中details(细节)搭配合理。

18.单选题

Hisfamilytriedto___intothewhiteandHispaniccommunities.

问题1选项

A.melt

B.assimilate

C.involve

D.weaver

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.melt融化B.assimilate吸收；使同化

C.involve包含；牵涉D.weaver织布工；编织工

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】assimilateinto表示（使）逐渐混合于（某一更大的群体）。句中whiteandHispaniccommunities指的是白人和西班牙裔社区，是一个大群体。B选项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】他的家人试图融入白人和西班牙裔社区。

19.单选题

Shegotveryangryand（

）herclothesaboutintheroom.

问题1选项

A.flung

B.flew

C.clamped

D.clashed

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。句意:她很生气，把衣服扔的房间里到处都是。

fling(尤指生气地)扔，掷，抛，丢;猛动(身体或身体部位);粗暴地(向某人)说;气势汹汹地(对某人)说。clamp夹住，固定;紧紧抓住;紧夹住;被抓住;被夹紧;用夹锁锁住(车)。clash打斗;冲突;比赛;(公开地)争论。

20.单选题

PresidentCoolidge’sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday——thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,allpowerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wher