考研考博-英语-广州中医药大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州中医药大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorecrazy,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科技和技术的进步正在使我们能够去了解宇宙最远的地方、物质最基本的成分和生命的奇迹。

与此同时，人类今天的作为和不作为，不仅危及地球上的生命，且还危害地球本身的寿命。

全球化正在让世界变得更小、更快速地运转和更富裕。但是，9/11事件和禽流感却提醒我们一个更小、更快速运转的世界不一定是一个更安全的世界。

我们的世界正充满知识，但其迫切需要智慧。现在，当（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出正变得更短、即时信息排挤短文和和个人生活变得更疯狂时，能够深思的大学毕业生是我们这个世界所需要的。

由于这些原因，我相信，并且我今天甚至更坚定地相信，大学有着独特的且无可取代的使命。

2.单选题

Thesegoodsare（）forexport,thoughafewofthemmaybesoldonthehomemarket.

问题1选项

A.essentially

B.completely

C.necessarily

D.remarkably

【答案】A

【解析】句意:尽管其中一些产品可以在国内销售，但是这些产品基本上是出口销售。

考查副词辨析。Essentially本质上；根本上；基本上；completely完全地；necessarily必要地；remarkably明显地。因此A符合句意。

3.单选题

The（

）preventsthepeopleinthetwoneighboringnationsfromlivinginpeace.

问题1选项

A.brevity

B.amenity

C.enmity

D.fidelity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。brevity“简洁”；amenity“舒适，愉悦”；enmity“敌意，憎恨”；fidelity“忠诚”。题干中提到有一种东西会阻止两邻国友好相处，这种东西很明显是enmity，选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

问题1选项

A.exposure

B.disclosure

C.contact

D.connection

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。exposureto“暴露于”；disclosure“揭发”；contact“接触”；connection“联系”。句意：过多暴露在X射线下对皮肤有伤害，也可能导致癌症或者其他伤害。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Carefulplanningandhardworkwill（）ourfinalsuccess.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.enclose

C.discharge

D.deny

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。ensure“保证，确保”；enclose“围绕，装入”；discharge“准许，释放，排出”；deny“否定，否认”。句意：认真的计划和努力的工作将确保我们最后的成功。只有A项符合句意。

6.单选题

Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.

Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.

Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproducesintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesareexploringpotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageis（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

3.Thereadercanconcludethat

（

）.

4.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof

（

）.

5.Thewords"priorto"(Para.2)probablymean（

）.

问题1选项

A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply

B.toexplainindustrialusesofwater

C.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems

D.todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem

问题2选项

A.Industrialdevelopmentincludesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.

B.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwater

C.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation

D.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals

问题3选项

A.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblems

B.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace

C.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersupplies

D.someindustriesarenowaskingeconomicuseofwastes

问题4选项

A.interviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrols

B.opinionsandpersonalobservations

C.definitionswhichclarifyimportantterms

D.strongargumentsandpersuasions

问题5选项

A.after

B.during

C.before

D.beyond

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第一段首先指出未来的水问题将变得更加严重和复杂，尤其是污水问题。接下来在二三段主要讲解决污水问题的方法。所以本文主要的目的是为了让人们了解污水问题，选项C正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“..increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.”可知选项B和C有涉及；根据第一段倒数第二句“Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.”可知选项D有涉及。只有选项A在文中没有信息提及。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Otherindustriesareexploringpotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.”其他行业正在探索废弃产物的潜在经济用途。选项D与原文表述一致。

4.判断推理题。从全文来看，作者只是在表达个人的观点以及陈述个人观察的结果:介绍水污染及其解决办法，所以选项B正确。

5.词汇题。根据句意可知，“theprocessingofsolidwastes”应该是在“disposal”之前，所以选项C正确。

7.单选题

The（）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；B选项“可食用的”；C选项“惊人的，大量的”；D选项“不成比例的，太多的”，句意：（）强调考试是目前学校中最糟糕的竞争形式。而本题空格处讲的应该是过多地强调考试，因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Theystoodatthetopofthemountainandviewedthebeautiful（）.

问题1选项

A.lapse

B.landscape

C.layout

D.locality

【答案】B

【解析】lapse小错,过失；landscape风景；layout布局,设计；locality地点,位置。句意：他们站在山顶欣赏美丽的风景。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Althoughheisveryrich,hisundutifulchildrenarethe（）ofhislife.

问题1选项

A.torch

B.torment

C.topic

D.topper

【答案】B

【解析】句意:虽然他很富有，但是他那些不孝顺的孩子是他人生的一大痛苦。

考查名词辨析。。torch火炬，手电筒；torment痛苦，苦恼，折磨；topic主题，题目；topper大礼帽，高档的东西。因此B符合句意。

10.单选题

Thosestudentswhohavemadeadequatepreparationsforthetestwillbebetteroff.

问题1选项

A.morewealthyt

B.lesssuccessfult

C.dismissedearliert

D.favorablypositioned

【答案】D

【解析】考查词语辨析。主语是students（学生），根据句子语境推测betteroff表示“表现好，排名靠前”；A项wealthy“富有的”，它的比较级形式是wealthier；B项lesssuccessful“不太成功”，C项dismissedearlier“更早淘汰”，D项favorablypositioned“很好的排名，排名靠前”。句意：那些为考试做了充分准备的学生排名靠前。根据句意可知D项正确。

11.单选题

EventhosewhodisagreedwithCarmen’sviewsrarelyfaultedherforexpressingthem,forthepositionsshetookwereas（

）astheywerecontroversial.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.thoughtful

C.subjective

D.commonplace

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。complicated“难懂的，复杂的”；thoughtful“深思的；体贴的”；subjective“主观的；自觉的”；commonplace“平凡的；普通的”。句意：即使是那些不同意卡门观点的人，也很少指责她的表达，因为卡门所采取的立场如同有争议那样让人深思。由controversial可知，既然该立场有争议，所以引人深思。故B项符合题意。

12.单选题

Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.

Theauthorsofthe34-sectionacthavemadeaseriousefforttopreventmisuseofthedataandtoprotectgenedonors’rightsandprivacy.Participationintheprojectisstrictlyvoluntary,onthebasisofinformedconsent.Itwillbeillegaltoaskanyoneifheorsheisparticipatinginthefreeprogram.Peoplewon’tbepaidforprovidingatissuesample,medical,andfamilyhistorytotheEstonianGeneBank.Thatinformationisimmediatelygiven“auniquecodeconsistingofatleast16randomcharacters”.GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”

Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.

Donorsareentitledtotheirowngeneticdata,atnocharge,asaretheirdesignatedphysicians.Nooneelsehaslawfulaccesstothisinformation.Indeed,itisunlawfultoask—andtheactcontainsspecificparagraphsthatforbidemployersandinsurancecompaniestogathersuchinformation,ortotreat“peoplewithdifferentgeneticrisks”differentlyasemployeesorinsuranceclients.Geneticinformationmaybereleasedtoresearchers“onlyincodedform,asasetofdataandontheconditionthattissuesamplesordataconcerningatleastfivegenedonorsareissuedatatime.”

SupportersoftheprojectexpectthattheEstonianGeneBankwillbecomeafavoritesourceofinformationforresearchersassociatedwithbiotechnologyandpharmaceuticalcompaniesthatareexpectedtopayhandsomelyforaccesstothedecoded(andanonymous)information.SomefirmsareexpectedtosetupshopinEstonia,presumablyinorneartheUniversityCityofTartuwheremostEstoniangeneticistsliveandwork.Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.

Noteverybodysharesthatview.Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.Theserangefromthesimplistic“Ifit’ssuchagreatidea,howcometheFrenchandGermansaren’tdoingitalready?”toargumentsthatthestart-upmoneycouldbespentonbetterthings.Somecommentatorsarealsoconcernedaboutprivacy.Informationinthedatabankcouldbeusedforblackmailandisthereadatabankintheworldthatistrulysecurefromhackers?Andwhataboutleaks?Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.Estonia’sscandalshavebeenlessluridthanthoseofotherstates,buttherehavebeenenoughtoengenderconsiderablecynicism,notjustaboutleakeddata,butalsoaboutpayoffswherelucrativecontractsareinvolved.

16.Thesaying“Thedevilisinthedetails”isusedtoimplythat________.

17.UnderEstonianlaw,donorsmayrequesttohavetheirtissuesamplesdestroyed________.

18.Thephrase“putEstoniaonthemap”(para.5)mostlikelymeans________.

19.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat,inregardtothenewgeneticdatabank________.

20.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsEstonia’snewlawsgoverningthegeneticdatabankseemstobe________.

问题1选项

A.Estonia’snewgeneticdatabankhasimmoralimplications

B.whiletheoverallideaisgood,thedetailsofthegeneticbank’sworkingsareflawed

C.despitetheirefforts,thenewlawsmaynotpreventmisuseofgeneticdata

D.itisinherentlywrongtocollectgeneticdata

问题2选项

A.atanytime

B.iftheirsecretcodehasbeendecoded

C.iftheiridentityhasbeenrevealedillegally

D.withtheirphysician’sapproval

问题3选项

A.gaininternationalfamefortheEstoniangovernment

B.confirmEstonia’spost-Sovietindependence

C.gainrespectforgeneticsresearchconductedinEstonia

D.bringglobalrecognitiontothislittle-knowncountry

问题4选项

A.publicpollingwasmostlikelycorrupt

B.mostEstoniansapproveofit

C.onlylesseducatedcitizensareobjectingtothenewlaws

D.Estoniansaresharplydividedontheissue

问题5选项

A.ambivalence

B.caution

C.approval

D.skepticism

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】16.推理判断题。根据第一段Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.（正如一句老话所说，细节决定成败。或者，在爱沙尼亚建立国家基因数据库的新法律中，人们有理由担心魔鬼可能会参与该国《人类基因研究法》的实际运作。），第一句话的重点是细节，按照两句话的先后顺序，推理出作者想要表达基因数据库存在细节上的缺陷，B选项“虽然总体想法是好的，但基因数据库的工作细节是有缺陷的”正确。A选项“爱沙尼亚新的基因数据库有不道德的成分”，C选项“尽管他们做出了努力，新的法律可能不会防止基因数据的滥用”和D选项“收集基因数据本身就是错误的”不是这里表达的重点，不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

17.事实细节题。根据第三段Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.（如果他们的身份被非法泄露，他们的样本材料也可能被销毁。），可知组织样本被销毁的条件是C选项“如果他们的身份被非法揭露”。A选项“随时”：根据第二段最后一句GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”（遗传和医疗数据成为并仍然是爱沙尼亚基因库的财产，但个人捐助者有权“在任何时候”要求“销毁可解码的数据”。），可知任何时候可以销毁的是可解码的数据，而非样本，故错误。B选项“如果他们的密码被破译”和D选项“得到他们的医生的批准”文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。

18.推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.（这个项目有望“让爱沙尼亚在地图上崭露头角”，并为这个刚刚独立、自然资源贫乏的国家带来经济上的巨大财富。），可知爱沙尼亚独立不久，需要国际社会的认可，这是一个国家在国际社会上基础的需求，D选项“为这个鲜为人知的国家带来全球认可”正确，A选项“为爱沙尼亚政府赢得国际声誉”是在被认可的基础上更进一步的需求，属于过度推断。B选项“确认爱沙尼亚在后苏联时代的独立”：爱沙尼亚已经独立了，不需要通过其他方式证明。C选项“在爱沙尼亚进行的遗传学研究获得了尊重”：不是表达的重点，不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

19.事实细节题。根据第六段第二句Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.（不管民调结果如何，爱沙尼亚语报纸上刊登了许多反对意见。），句子是转折关系，表明前面想要表达大多数人赞成，B选项“大多数爱沙尼亚人赞成”正确。A选项“公众投票很可能是堕落的”：根据第六段倒数第二句Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.（对堕落的指控是后苏联独立国家公共生活的一个事实。），这里指的是公共生活堕落的大背景，而非投票这件事，故错误。C选项“只有教育程度较低的公民反对新法律”：文中没有提到教育程度不同的人对此的看法，故错误。D选项“爱沙尼亚人在这个问题上有尖锐的分歧”：不是表达的重点，没有体现尖锐，故错误。因此B选项正确。

20.观点态度题。作者首先客观地讲述这项立法的细则，再分别表达支持者和反对者的观点，而没有直接表达自己对此的看法，所以B选项“谨慎”正确，A选项“矛盾”，C选项“赞同”和D选项“怀疑”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

The________thatshesuggestedfordiscussionwerebasedonthemostrecentmedicalresearch.

问题1选项

A.contributions

B.occupations

C.expostulations

D.amendments

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“contribution”，意为“贡献，捐款”；B选项“occupation”,意为“占有权，职业”；C选项“expostulation”意为“劝导，忠告”；D选项“amendment”，意为“改善，修正建议”。句意：她建议讨论的修正案是基于最新的医学研究。因此，D选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Aftersheheardthesadnewsfromherfather,shewasinavery____mood.

问题1选项

A.cheerful

B.amusing

C.thoughtful

D.pessimistic

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.cheerful开心的B.amusing有趣的

C.thoughtful考虑周到的；有思想深度的D.pessimistic悲观的

【答案】D

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“她处于一种____的情绪”，前文提到“当她从父亲那里听到这个不幸的（sadnews）消息后”，根据“不幸的消息”推测，她应该是心情不好，D选项“pessimistic”符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】她从父亲那里听到这个不幸的消息后，情绪非常悲观。

15.单选题

Donationsareneededto（）ourchild-careprograms.

问题1选项

A.implement

B.validate

C.strengthen

D.approve

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，实现；validate证实，确认；strengthen加强，巩固；approve批准，赞成。句意：实施我们的托儿所项目需要捐款。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

His（

）lifeasarevolutionarymadehimhighlyadaptabletovariouskindsofhardlivingconditions.

问题1选项

A.erratic

B.eccentric

C.erroneous

D.inured

【答案】A

【解析】erratic不稳定的；eccentric古怪的，反常的；erroneous错误的，不正确的；inured习惯的。句意：作为革命者，飘忽不定的生活使他能够适应各种艰苦的生活条件。选项A符合句意。

17.单选题

Fallingsalesandrisingoverheadshaveobligedthecompanytorevieweachcustomer’s（

）limit.

问题1选项

A.credit

B.currency

C.check

D.certificate

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项credit“借贷，贷款，信誉”；B选项currency“货币”；C选项check“支票”；D选项certificate“证明，证明书”。根据limit（限制，限额）可知A选项符合语境。句意：销量下降和管理费用上升迫使公司审查每个客户的信贷限额。

18.单选题

In1979theCatholicChurchfinallyforgivesGalileoforclaimingthattheEarthandotherplanetrevolvedaroundthesun.In1633theexaminersattheMinervaChurchinRomehadfoundGalileoguiltyofheresy,spreadingfalsebeliefs.

Galileowassixty-eightyearsoldatthetimeofhistrialandwasill.Aftertwodaysofcontinuousquestioningandthetreatoftorture,Galileo,confessedtoheresyandkneeledbeforetheexaminers,sayingforalltoherethathistheorieshadbeenwrong.ThejudgecouldhavehadGalileoburnedatthestakeforhisbeliefs,butbecausehehadconfessed,theywerelenientwiththeastronomer.Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.

ForyearGalileohadbelievedthatearliertheorythatthestartrevolvedaroundtheEarth,wasincorrect,buthekeptoutofrespectfortheChurch.Hehadneverfinishedhisuniversitystudiesinmathematicsbecausehehadrunoutofmoney,buthisbrilliantworkasastudentallowedhimtoteach.Heprovedheuniformeffectofgravityinseriesofbrilliantcalculations,forexample,notbydroppingafeatherandacannonballfromtheLearningTowerofPisa,hishomecity,asiscommonlythought.

In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.Usingthetelescopetotesthismathematicalcalculations,healsodiscoveredJupiter’smoons,thefeaturesofEarth’smoon,andthestructureoftheMilkyWay.Butwhilewatchingthemovementofsunspots,hebecameconvinced,onceandforall,thattheearlierastronomer,Copernicus,wasright:theEarthandotherplanetsorbitedaroundthesun.TheEarthwanoneofmanyplanets,andnotthecenteroftheuniverse.GalileobegantopressforpermissionfromChurchtowriteabouthistheoriesoftheworldandin1642hereceivedpermission.

Hisgreatestbook,contrastingthetwosystems,waswrittenandpublishedeightyearslater.DialogueConcerningtheTwoWorldSystemswasquicklyseenasalandmarkscientificwork,bothforitsideasanditsfluewriting.ButtheChurchmeantimehaditsownproblemswiththeProtestantReformation.ChurchleadersnowconsideredGalileo’sworkdangerousandrevolutionary.A"document"wasfoundthatcontradictedthepermissionGalileothoughhehadobtainedtowriteabouthistheories.Galileowasthenarrestedandplacedbeforetheinquisition.Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome.Heretainedconvincedthathehadalwaysbeenfight.

Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.ThefindingsofthejudgesatGalileo'strialwerenotreversed,eventhoughtheirprecisefindinghadbeenthattheastronomerwas"Vehementlysuspectofheresy."Thefindingsofanyinquisition,eventheGalileocourtaswellasnotoriousSpanishInquisition―mustbeflowedtostand,atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy.Butin1979,PopeJohnPauladdressedtheAugustPontificalScienceAcademyintheVaticanandofferedapologytoGalileo:"ThegreatnessofGalileo,likethatofEinstein,isknowntoall.Buttheformerhadtosuffergreatly;wecannothideit,fromChurchinstitutionsandmen."

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问题1选项

A.discusswhytheCatholicChurchpersecutedGalileo

B.provideashortbiographyofGalileo

C.discussthetwotheoriesofthesolarsystem

D.showhowsciencehasprogressedoverthelastthreehundredyears

问题2选项

A.Galileowasheldprisonerinhishomefornineyears.

B.theCatholicChurchhasnotacceptedGalileo'stheoryofthesolarsystem.

C.Galileoinventedthetelescope.

D.theProtestantsconductedtheInquisition.

问题3选项

A.theCatholicChurchstillbelieverstheEarthisthecenteroftheuniverse.

B.Galileo'stheoryhasbeenprovedincorrectinmodemtimes.

C.theInquisitionseldomdealtharshlywithpeoplewhocamebeforeit.

D.theCatholicChurchwasmoreconcernedwithmaintainingthestatusquointhe17thcenturythanthetruthaboutGalileo'stheory.

问题4选项

A.negative

B.objective

C.sarcastic

D.satirical

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了伽利略为“日心说”做出的努力以及遭受的追害，所以B选项“对伽利略的人生经历进行了简要的介绍”正确;A选项“讨论天主教迫害伽利略的原因”是对文章细节的表述；C选项“对两种不同的太阳系理论进行讨论”和D选项“表明在过去的三百年中科学是怎样发展的”没有在文章中提及。

细节事实题。根据文章第一段和第二段第四句“Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.”“他们将其判以终生监禁，但很快就改判为软禁家中，如此结束了伽利略的教学生涯”可知伽利略于1633年被软禁在家中，然后根据文章第五段的倒数第二句“Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome”“伽利略于1642年在家中与世长辞，那时他仍处在软禁期间”可知伽利略被软禁在自己家中长达9年，所以A选项正确。根据文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后，天主教终于承认伽利略日心说的正确性”确定B选项“天主教没有接受伽利略的日心说”表述错误；根据第四段第一句“In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.”确定C选项“伽利略发明了望远镜’错误；D选项“新教徒执行审讯”没有在文章中提及。

细节事实题。根据文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后，天主教终于承认伽利略日心说的正确性”确定A选项“天主教仍然相信地球是宇宙的中心”错误；B选项“在现代，伽利略的理论被证明是错误的”没有在文章中体现并且根据常识也可以判断该选项是错误的；根据文章最后一段第三句“...atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy”“部分原因是因为那些被指控为异端邪说的人最终都被判以死刑”确定C选项“审讯很少对被指控的人处以残酷的刑罚”表示错误；根据文章对伽利略经历的介绍可知在17世纪时天主教为了维护现状，不承认伽利略的理论，所以D选项正确。

观点态度题。作者客观地介绍了伽利略为“日心说”所付出的努力和天主教的态度和做法，所以B选项“客观的”正确。

19.单选题

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregio