考研考博-英语-广西城市职业大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西城市职业大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thesedesksandseatscanbe______totheheighttoanychild.

问题1选项

A.adapted

B.adopted

C.adjusted

D.attached

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapted“适应”；B选项adopted“采用”；C选项adjusted“调整；校正”；D选项attached“附加”。句意：这些课桌和椅子可以______到任何孩子的高度。根据语境，这里是指这些课桌和椅子可以调整高度，所以adjusted“调整”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Basedonaccumulatedsocialresearch,therenowcanbelittledoubtthatsuccessfulandwelladjustedchildreninmodernsocietiesaremostlikelytocomefromtwo-parentfamiliesconsistingofthebiologicalfatherandmother.Alternativefamilyformswhichareattempted,suchassingle-parentandstepfamilies,havebeendemonstratedtobeinferiorinchildoutcomes.Therecentmovementawayfromthetwo-natural-parentfamilyhasledtoconsiderablesocialmalaiseamongtheyoung,nottomentionsocialdecayingeneral.

Itcanbearguedthatchildwell-beingwouldbeenhancediffamilieslivedamongcare-givingrelativesandinsupportivecommunities,butthishasbecomeanever-diminishingsituation.Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible.Thestatehastriedtofillthevacuum,burwithoutmuchsuccess.Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory.

Constitutingoneofthegreatestdilemmasfacedbymodernsocieties,however,isthefactthatnuclearfamiliesthemselvesarebreakingapartdramaticallyhighrates.Thechancesinsomesocietiesarenowlessthan50to50,thanksmainlytodivorceandbirths,hatachildwilllivecontinuouslytoadulthoodwithbothnaturalparents.Thisisdespitethefactthat,unlikeintimespast,parentsnowalmostlivetoseetheirchildrenreachmaturity.

Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged.Notsolongagomarriagewasaneconomicbondofmutualdependency,asocialbondheavilyupheldbyextendedfamilies.Today,marriageisnoneofthese.Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport;extendedfamilypressuresonmarriageshaveallbutvanished;andmodernsocietieshavebecomeincreasinglyunconcernedwithreligions.Marriagehasbecomeapurelyindividualpursuit,animpliedandnotveryenforceablecontractbetweentwopeople;arelationshipdesignedtosatisfybasicneedsforintimacy,dependencyandsex.Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved.Moreover,moreoftheeverydayneeds,traditionallymetbymarriage,canbemetinotherdays,suchasthroughthemarketplace.

Withitssurroundingandsupportingsocialstructurescollapsing,cantherebeanyhopethatthenuclearfamilycanberevived?Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind.Iftheevolutionarybiologistsarecorrect,humanbeingsareapair-bodingspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingfamilyformsmaybeidealforachild'swell-being?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthetrendofmodernfamiliestoday?

3.Thehighbreak-uprateoftwoparentnuclearfamiliescanbeattributedto（）.

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtherevivalofnuclearfamilyis（）.

5.Theword"affluence"(Paragraph4)isinsimilarmeaningto（）.

问题1选项

A.Extendedfamily

B.Single-parentfamily

C.Stepfamily

D.Nuclearfamily

问题2选项

A.Easily-dissolvedpartnership.

B.Ever-diminishingcohesiveneighborhood.

C.Decreasingnumberofextendedfamilies.

D.Husbandandwifeheldinpassiveobedience.

问题3选项

A.socialdecayingeneral

B.custompressure

C.collapseoftheeconomicbondofmarriage

D.thecompletelydifferentnatureofmarriage

问题4选项

A.negative

B.optimistic

C.hopeless

D.mournful

问题5选项

A.wealth

B.health

C.culturalrefinement

D.modernconveniences

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory(因此，双亲核心家庭在今天对儿童和整个社会可能比历史上任何时候都更加重要)。由此可知，如今对孩子成长最理想的家庭模式是two-parentnuclearfamily(双亲核心家庭)。故选D。

第2题:细节事实题。A:容易破裂的婚姻。B:不断疏远的邻里关系。C:大家庭数量减少。D:处于被动服从地位的丈夫和妻子。第二段指出:Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible(从历史角度看，大家庭数量大幅缩水，紧密的邻里关系也变得更加疏远，而且这种发展趋势是不可逆转的)。因此B跟C项属于现代家庭的趋势。第四段指出:Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved(当这些需求发生改变，或者当一位看似更加合适的伴侣出现后婚姻就会很容易破裂)。因此A项也是现代家庭的趋势。只有D项未在文中体现，本题选D。

第3题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位至第四段:Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged(高离婚率的一个根本原因是婚姻的本质发生了改变)。因此D项“婚姻本质发生改变”正确。

第4题:观点态度题。最后一段指出:Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind(是的——希望的基础在于人类基本的生理和心理构成)。由此可见，作者对于核心家庭的复兴的态度是积极乐观的。

第5题:词义题。根据题干定位至第四段:Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport（女性对经济的追求及政府的支持已取缔了这一经济纽带)。由此可知，affluence表示与“经济状况”相关的意思。因此A项“财富”正确。

3.单选题

ResearchersatUCLAMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,Californiafoundthata12-minutebedsidevisitwithadogcanhelpeaseanxietylevelsby24percentinheartfailurepatients,comparedtoa10percentdropwhenpatientshadavisitfromahumanvolunteer,andnodropinpatientswhohadnovisit.

Resultsofthe76-patientstudywerepresentedlastweekattheAmericanHeartAssociation’sannualScientificSessionsinDallas,Texas.ThestudywasfundedbythePetCareTrustFoundation,anon-profitorganizationwhichpromoteshuman-animalinteractionandbonding.Inthestudy,effectsofdogandvolunteervisitswerecomparedwiththoseofvolunteersonly,andwithpatientswhohadnovisitsandremainedatrest.Heartpressuresweremonitoredandpatientswereaskedtoansweralistofanxietyassessmentquestionsbeforeandafterthevisits.Althoughcriticalpressuremeasuresalsodecreased,suggestingimprovedcardiacfunction,themostmarkedresponsewasseeninanxietylevels.

“Thefirstthingyounoticeisthatthepatient’sfacialexpressionchangestoasmileandthestressoftheworldseemstobeliftedofftheirshoulders,”studyauthorKathyColesaid.Feelingsofdepressionandhelplessnessarecommonamongheartpatients,Colesaid,andjustthreenightsinahospitalisenoughtomakesomepatientsfeelanxiousandunsettled.Duringthevisit,thefurryfriendisallowedtolieonthebednexttothepatientwithitsheadwithintwofeetofthepatient’s.Mostpatientspettedthedog,whileothersengagedhumanvolunteersinconversationaboutthedog.

Dogsusedinthestudyarespeciallytrainedanimal-assistedtherapydogsthatundergoaseriesoftrainings,evaluationsandcertificationstoqualifyastherapydogs.Dogbreedsvaried.ResearchersusedeverythingfromBernesemountaindogstosmallschnauzers.However,adogdoesn’thavetobespeciallytrainedtohaveacalmingeffectonitshumancounterparts.Infact,theanimaldoesn’tevenhavetobeadoginordertohelp.“Aslongastheanimalhasmeaningtothepatient,orarelationshipwiththepatient,itcanhelpcalmthepatient,”Colesaid.

6.Welearnfromthetextthatheartpatientsbenefitmostfromvisits______.

7.Thestudyshowsthat,forheartpatients,______.

8.AccordingtoCole,thechangeofpatients’facialexpressionindicatesthat______.

9.Colebelievesthatdogsarehelpfultothepatientsif______.

10.Thisreportfocuseson______.

问题1选项

A.byavolunteerwithadog

B.byavolunteeronhisown

C.byawell-traineddogalone

D.byanon-profitorganization

问题2选项

A.theiranxietyisreducediftheystaylongerinhospital

B.theircontactwithanimalsimprovestheircondition

C.theirheartpressuredecreasesiftheyremainatrest

D.theirrecoveryreliesoncontactwithanimals

问题3选项

A.theyarehappywiththeexperiment

B.theyarepsychologicallycomforted

C.theirhospitalizationmaybeshortened

D.theirheartfunctionisreturningtonormal

问题4选项

A.theyarelimitedtocertainbreeds

B.theyarespeciallytrainedones

C.theyhavemeaningtothem

D.theystaywiththemallday

问题5选项

A.thehealingpowerofanimals

B.thetreatmentofheartdisease

C.therelationshipbetweendogsandhumans

D.thepromotionofhuman-animalinteraction

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】6.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“heartpatients”可以定位到文章第一段中visitwithadogcanhelpeaseanxietylevelsby24percentinheartfailurepatients（带着狗一起看病人，会使病人的焦虑感降低24%。），说明带着宠物看病人对心脏病患者有好处。因此A选项“由一位志愿者带着狗”正确。B选项“由志愿者一个人”，C选项“仅靠一只训练有素的狗”，D选项“靠非营利组织”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

7.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“heartpatients”可以定位到文章第一段中visitwithadogcanhelpeaseanxietylevelsby24percentinheartfailurepatients（带着狗一起看病人，会使病人的焦虑感降低24%。），说明和动物接触对心脏病人有好处。因此B选项“他们与动物的接触改善了他们的状况”正确。A选项“如果住院时间较长，他们的焦虑感就会减少”，由原文可知，长时间住院会让病人感到焦虑不安，所以A错误。C选项“如果一直休息，他们的心脏压力就会下降”，由原文可知，一直休息不会使病人的心脏压力下降，所以C错误。D选项“他们的康复依赖于与动物的接触”，原文只说了和动物接触对心脏病人有好处，并没有说要依赖于与动物的接触，所以D错误。

8.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“facialexpression”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Thefirstthingyounoticeisthatthepatient’sfacialexpressionchangestoasmileandthestressoftheworldseemstobeliftedofftheirshoulders（首先你会注意到，病人的面部表情变成了微笑，世界的压力似乎从他们的肩膀上消失了），文章前两段详细陈述了带着狗去看病人的好处，第三段开头就提到病人表情的变化，可以推断，在与动物接触之后，病人的心理压力变小。因此B选项“他们在心理上得到了安慰”正确。A选项“他们对实验很满意”，C选项“他们的住院时间可能会缩短”，D选项“他们的心脏功能正在恢复正常”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

9.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句“Aslongastheanimalhasmeaningtothepatient,orarelationshipwiththepatient,itcanhelpcalmthepatient,”Colesaid.（科尔说：“只要动物对病人有意义，或者与病人有关系，它就能帮助病人平静下来。”），说明任何动物只要对病人有意义，都有助于其病情的恢复，狗当然也不例外。因此C选项“对他们有意义”正确。A选项“仅限于某些品种”，由原文可知，对狗的品种没有限制，所以A错误。B选项“受过专业训练”，由原文可知，狗对人类的镇静作用并不需要经过特别训练，所以B错误。D选项“整天和他们在一起”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

10.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章主要讲述了一项研究的结果，即带着动物看病人对于患者有很大好处。因此A选项“动物的治愈力”正确。B选项“心脏病的治疗”，C选项“狗与人的关系”，D选项“促进人与动物之间的相互作用”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

4.单选题

Eveninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements,（

）religiousgroupswhoopposedslavery,andlaterformedthebackboneoftheAbolitionistMovement.

问题1选项

A.therehave

B.thereare

C.therewere

D.havetherebeen

【答案】D

【解析】语法（倒装）题目。空格前一句“Eveninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements”是整个句子的时间状语，而当时间状语位于句首时，主句部分需要使用部分倒装，D选项正确。

5.单选题

Ifyou（）caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.

问题1选项

A.should

B.would

C.will

D.can

【答案】B

【解析】考查if引导的真实条件句，主句应该用现在时。情态动词结构“wouldyoucareto...”表示“（礼貌问语）您喜欢，您愿意”，是一种委婉征求意见的方式。因此，排除其他选项，本题正确答案为B项。

6.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

有时候对一个人来说需要终生的时间才能懂得活着就是为了奉献。

文化是一切。文化是我们着装的方式,是我们走路的方式,是我们系领带的方式。

时间是个多才多艺的表演者。它能展翅飞翔,能阔步前进,也能治愈创伤。

音乐是你自身的体验,你的思想,你的智慧。

国家的发展取决于年轻一代的素质,这是么人皆知的事实。

【答案】Sometimes,itwilltakealifetimetounderstandthatlivingisfordevotion.

Cultureiseverything.Itisthewaywedress,walkandtieourties.

Timeisaversatileperformer.Itcanspreaditswingstofly,strideforwardlyandcureanywounds.

Musicisyourpersonalexperience,yourthoughtandyourwisdom.

Itiswidelyknownthatthedevelopmentofacountrydependsonthequalityofyoungergeneration.

7.单选题

Afterthecollision,heexaminedtheconsiderable（）tohiscar.

问题1选项

A.ruin

B.destruction

C.damage

D.injury

【答案】C

【解析】ruin毁坏；destruction破坏；damage损害；injury伤害。句意：撞车后,他检查了车的损坏程度。选项C更符合句意。

8.单选题

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinite-structuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”，and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein_______.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

问题2选项

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

问题3选项

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

问题4选项

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

问题5选项

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure,

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.（心理学家把这个问题看作是一件沮丧的是或是一个笑话）可知A选项表述不正确；由第一段中的Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.（但他们急忙指出，不同并不等于好或坏）可知B选项表述不正确；由第三段中的Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.（这是第一次发现女性和男性大脑之间的结构差异，它必须具有一定的意义）可知D选项表述不正确。通过排除法排除A、B、D选项，因此选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我们倾向于认为，正是社会的影响产生了这些差异）可知选D。

3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但要在此基础上解释男女技能的实际差异并非易事）可知选A。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing（我们也不知道这两部分是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。但这种显著的差异肯定会有一定的影响，因为这种差异存在于大脑中与智力有关的部分，我们应该寻找智力加工的差异）可知选D。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了男性和女性的结构存在差别，科学家对这种差别所做的研究，因此A选项“概述脑结构的研究成果”符合题意。

9.单选题

Thedevelopmentofthesegenetechnologiesmaybefarinthefuture,but（）themoralandsocialissuesraisedbythemshouldbediscussed,foronceatechnologyhasbeeninvented,itmaybedifficulttostoporcontrol.

问题1选项

A.presently

B.summarily

C.seriously

D.hesitantly

【答案】A

【解析】副词辨析。句意：这些基因技术可能在未来会有很大的发展，但是应该讨论的是道德和社会问题。因为一旦发明了这种技术，就很难停止或控制。presently目前；summarily即刻地；seriously严肃地；hesitantly迟疑地。因此，A项符合句意。

10.单选题

Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(随机地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.

Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.

AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.

InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”

Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.

AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.

GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings.“Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,”shesaid.

AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingtorhousing.

“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”

“I’veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,”saidonePennresidentadvisorRA.TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts“providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合)”,therewerealso“jarringculturalconfrontations”.

TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?

2.WhatdoesSamBoakye’sremarkmean?

3.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?

4.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe“definitionofintegration”?

5.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?

问题1选项

A.Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.

B.Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.

C.Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.

D.Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.

问题2选项

A.Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.

B.Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.

C.Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.

D.Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.

问题3选项

A.Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.

B.Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.

C.Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon’tgetalong.

D.Assigningstudents’lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.

问题4选项

A.Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.

B.Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.

C.Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.

D.Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.

问题5选项

A.Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.

B.Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.

C.Students’racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.

D.Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomlyassignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihoodofconflict.（最近的一些研究发现，让不同种族的学生住在一起可能会增强包容性，但也可能会增加冲突的几率。），可知不同种族的学生住在一起可能会有好的结果和不好的结果，并且没有强调更有可能是好的还是不好的结果，D选项“让不同种族的学生住在一起可能有不同的结果”正确，A选项“不同种族的学生之间的冲突不可避免”和C选项“让不同种族的学生住在一起弊大于利”错误。B选项“不同种族的学生互相有偏见”：根据第二段Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudice（最近的报告发现，与不同种族的学生住在一起可能会减少偏见），可知文章表达的重点是偏见可能会减少，而不是强调偏见的存在。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段blackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.（与白人室友同住的黑人学生在整个大学生涯中获得了更高的学术成就。研究人员认为这可能是社会压力造成的。）和第四段InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye—theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor—saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”（在《纽约时报》的一篇文章中，大学一年级唯一的黑人学生Samboakye说：“如果你周围都是白人，你就得证明自己。”），可知与白人室友同住的黑人学生更加努力，因此获得了更高的学术成就，D选项“周围是白人同学的环境激励黑人学生更加努力地工作以获得成功”正确。B选项“黑人学生可以在学业上与白人同龄人竞争”：不是表达的重点，故错误。A选项“白人学生往往看不起他们的黑人同学”和C选项“在大学一年级期间，黑人学生在白人同龄人中有些尴尬”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第五段第二句Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.（根据最近的两项研究，随机分配的不同种族的室友更有可能经历紧张的冲突，以至于其中一个室友会搬出去。）和第六段AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.（印第安纳大学的一项研究发现，到学期结束时，不同种族室友不住在一起的可能性是两个白人室友的三倍。），可知不同种族的学生住在一起比同种族的学生住在一起更容易闹矛盾，但不是一定会闹矛盾，A选项“不同种族的室友更容易争吵”正确，C选项“不同种族的室友相处不好”错误。B选项“很少有白人学生喜欢和黑人同学合住一个房间”：没有具体提到白人学生对住宿对象的意向。D选项“随机分配学生住宿不是一个好政策”：这里讨论的是不同种族的学生住在一起的相关情况，而非随机分配学生住宿不是一个好政策是否合理。因此A选项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第九段“theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”（“这个过程会随意地把你们聚在一起。”本科生大会主席AlecWebley说，“这就是整合的定义。”），可知这里的“整合”指的是把不同种族的学生随机聚在一起，D选项“学校随机分配室友，不考虑种族”正确。A选项“不同种族的学生被要求共享一个房间”和B选项“学校为新生安排不同种族的室友”：学校没有特意规定和硬性要求，室友都是随机分配，故错误。C选项“对不同种族的学生一视同仁”：这里的重点不是平等对待所有学生，给所有学生同样的福利或待遇，而是强调随机分配室友，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章最后一句Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.（Kao说，她告诫不要基于任何一项研究得出一般性结论，指出需要研究和解释更多学生的背景特征。），可知Kao认为需要进行足够的研究才能给出结论，A选项“没有进一步研究就对其进行概括是不科学的”正确。B选项“学校在安排学生住宿时应该谨慎”，C选项“在分配住宿之前，应该考虑学生的种族背景”和D选项“应该指派有经验的室长来处理这些问题”：文中没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

11.填空题

Oneofourarticlesisabouttobe（1）inNature.Everyoneispleasedthatit’sappearinginahigh-profileinternationaljournal,buttherewasaserious（2）inourresearchgroup（3）overwho