考研考博-英语-常州大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-常州大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Hundredsofchickensareraisedinthe（）.

问题1选项

A.exposure

B.enclosure

C.closure

D.pressure

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项exposure“暴露；曝光”；B选项enclosure“附件；围墙”；C选项closure“关闭；终止”；D选项pressure“压力；压迫”。句意：……里养了数百只小鸡。句中所说的是圈养小鸡，所以会需要一堵围墙。因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Theeffort____skepticismfrompsychologistswhofinditfrivolous.

问题1选项

A.protests

B.proposes

C.probates

D.provokes

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.protests抗议B.proposes建议

C.probates核实遗嘱D.provokes引起

【答案】D

【考查点】动宾搭配

【解题思路】空格处所填动词搭配的宾语为“心理学家的怀疑”，只有D选项provokes“引起”可以与之搭配。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项与宾语“心理学家的怀疑”搭配不当。

【句意】这种努力引起了心理学家的怀疑，他们认为这种努力毫无意义。

3.单选题

BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforcongenialityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentsarethebreathoflife.

问题1选项

A.coexistence

B.coincidence

C.correlation

D.compatibility

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。congeniality表示“同性质；适意”。A项coexistence“共存”，B项coincidence“巧合，一致”，C项correlation“相关，关联”，D项compatibility“兼容”。句意：对于因为观点一致而选择对方成为朋友的法国人来说，活跃的争论和激烈的论断是他们生活中不可缺少的东西。根据句意，该题选D正确。

4.单选题

Governmenttodayplaysanincreasinglylargerroleinthe（

）ofwelfare,economics,andeducation.

问题1选项

A.scopes

B.ranges

C.ranks

D.domains

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scope“范围，眼界，视野”；range“范围；幅度”；rank“级别，等级”；domain“领域，域，域名”。句意：现在政府在很多领域扮演着重要的角色，比如福利、经济和教育等。选项D符合题意。

5.翻译题

Nowwehavesteppedintotheinformationsociety.Theinformationindustrydevelopsveryrapidly.However,therearealsoalotofproblems:thehackers,trick-playingteensandinternet-basedcriminals.Thus,informationsocietybecomesanimportantissue.Informationleakagemayhurtalotofdepartments,suchasrelatedauthorities,enterprises,organizationsorinstitutes,aswellasindividuals.

【答案】现在我们已经步入了信息社会。信息产业发展非常迅速。然而，也有很多问题：黑客、恶作剧的青少年和网络犯罪分子。因此，信息社会成为一个重要的问题。信息泄露可能会给很多部门造成伤害，如相关当局、企业、组织或机构以及个人。

6.单选题

HumidityissointenseinsomepartsofthetropicsthatEuropeansfindthattheyareunableto______it.

问题1选项

A.maintain

B.persist

C.endure

D.sustain

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。maintain“维持”；persist“坚持；持续”；endure“忍耐，容忍”；sustain“维持，支撑”。句意：热带部分地区的湿度过于强烈以至于很多欧洲人难以忍受。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics_____inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

问题1选项

A.fromwhich

B.ofwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。fromwhich引导定语从句修饰medievalversionofpolitics;evolvefrom“由……进化，从……产生出”，正常语句为thepoliticsofourmodernworldevolvedfromwhich…

8.单选题

Manyyearsago,IwasinterviewingforaCIO(ChiefInformationOfficer)positionatBrownUniversity.HowardSwearer,thepresidentofBrownatthattime,askedme:“Whatisthegreatest（1）thatyouwouldbringtotheposition?”Ianswered:“Iammultilingual.”He（2）atmeforamoment,asifIhadlostmymindentirely.Iwentonto（3）thatIwascapableofeffectively（4）withfaculty,withstudents,withvendors,withtrustees,andwithotheradministrators.TheCIOneedstobeabletointeracteffectivelyandberespectedbyavarietyofaudiences.

Effectivenessofinteractionis（5）onwhetherornotanindividualcanunderstandthe（6）andproblemsbeingfacedbyaparticularuser.Thisistrueontheacademicsideofthehouse,whereoneneedstounderstandthetechnologyrequirementsandproblemsofaparticlephysicist,aclassicist,oraneconomist.Therearedifferent（7）fordatafiles,transmissionspeeds,andmanyotherITissuesthatdirectlyaffectthescholarshipofthesevaryingdisciplines.Theabilityto（8）someofthesescholarlyrequirementsis（9）tobeingviewedasapartnerintheacademicenterpriseratherthanjustassomebureaucratwhohas（10）fortheITenvironmentoncampus.

问题1选项

A.trength

B.news

C.possibility

D.change

问题2选项

A.nterviewed

B.stared

C.wondered

D.angered

问题3选项

A.nswer

B.explain

C.indicate

D.demonstrate

问题4选项

A.alking

B.speaking

C.cooperating

D.communicating

问题5选项

A.epended

B.based

C.resulted

D.taken

问题6选项

A.hocks

B.worries

C.questions

D.concerns

问题7选项

A.eeds

B.issues

C.elements

D.concerns

问题8选项

A.now

B.findout

C.lookfor

D.understand

问题9选项

A.pecial

B.inevitable

C.essential

D.required

问题10选项

A.oncerns

B.worries

C.responsibility

D.confidence

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:C

第10题:C

【解析】1.名词辨析。strength力量,优势;news新闻,消息;possibility可能性,可能发生的事物;change变化,找回的零钱。根据下文中的回答"Iammultilingual(我能使用多种语言)”可知A符合句意。

2.固定搭配。此处句意为:他盯了我一会儿,似乎我已完全神志不清。Stareat凝视,盯住。

3.动词辨析。此处句意为:我继续解释…。answer回答;explain说明,解释;indicate表明,指出,预示;demonstrate证明,展示。故选B。

4.动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。此处句意为:首席信息官需要能与各种受众进行有效的交流且被后者尊敬。talk谈话;speak说话,演讲;cooperate合作,配合;communicate通讯,相通,交流。故选D。

5.固定搭配。此处句意为:互动的有效性建立在此基础上:一个人能否懂得特定使用者面临的……和问题。bebasedon建立在…基础上。

6.名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。shock休克,震惊,震动;worry担心,烦恼;question问题,疑问,询问;concern关系,关心,担心,忧虑。And连接空格和problems(问题),因此推测D项符合句意。

7.名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。need需求,要求;issue问题,发布;element元素,成分;concern关系,关心。空格前句意为:这在学院的学术方面是真实的,在这里一个人需要其懂得粒子物理学家、古典主义者或经济学家的技术需求和问题。由此可知A项符合句意。

8.逻辑分析。know知道,认识,懂得;findout査明,发现;lookfor寻找,understand理解,懂得。前面句子指出:needstounderstandthetechnologyrequirementsandproblemsofaparticlephysicist,aclassicist,oraneconomist(需要懂得粒子物理学家、古典主义者或经济学家的技术需求和问题),因此此处表示:理解这些学术需要的能力,因此D项符合句意。

9.短语辨析。由空格后“viewedasapartnerintheacademicenterprise被认为是学术事业上的合作者”的对应知这里指代“必不可少的能力”,beessentialtobeing是必不可少的,故选C。其他搭配为:bespecialto是…所特有的;beinevitableto是不可避免的;berequiredto被要求。

10.名词辨析。句意:理解这些学术要求的能力对于被视为学术企业的合作伙伴来说是非常重要的,而不仅仅是一些对校园IT环境负责的官僚。因此C项“责任,职责,义务”正确。

9.单选题

Thefunctionoftheofficeistoperformadministrativework.First,itmustprovidethenecessarycommunicationswithcustomers,banks,governments,andotheroutsideorganizations.Second,itmustservicetheinformationrequirementswithinthecompanyitself.Inordertomeettheseneedsefficiently,theOfficeManagermustemploythemostappropriatebusinessmethods,systemsandequipment.

Inanefficientadministrativestructure,clericaloperationsareorganizedsothattheyaddtotheprofitabilityofthebusiness.However,inmanycountriesthenumberofclericalstaffhasincreasedwhilethetotalnumberofworkersemployedinproductionhasfallen.

Toensurethatofficeservicesrunsmoothly,theremustbethemeanstocheck,sort,copyandfilecorrespondenceandotherpaperwork.Todaythereisagrowingrangeofmachinethatcanbeusedtodosuchjobs.Thesizeandresourcesofacompanywilldeterminehowmechanizedorcomputerizeditsofficesystemsare.

Theofficemustgivemaximumserviceatminimumcost.Abalancemustbekeptbetweenproduction,marketing,andadministration.Asacompanydevelopsandgrows,thecontributionofadministrationwillvaryinkindandinvalue.

Themostimportantobjectiveinmodemofficesistheprocessingofdatainordertoprovideameansofbusinesscontrol,butinmanycompaniesthereareweaknessesintheabilitytomanagecommunicationsefficiently.Forexample,somedataareoftenusedonlybyindividualmanagers,anddifferentdepartmentsinthesamecompanymayusedifferentdataprocessingsystems.Inordertocontributetobusinessefficiency,howeverdataprocessingmustbeacentralizedservice.Thesystemwhichisrequiredisonethatlooksatthetotalneedsofabusinessandthereforeassistsmanagementinmakingappropriatedecisionsquickly.

Anofficemayreceiveinformationbytelecommunications,bymailorbycomputer.Anofficeworkermusthaveskillinlanguageandarithmetictohandlethisandotherbusinessinformationproperly.Almostallofficejobsrequireatleastahighschooleducation.Manyemployerspreferpeoplewhohavetakencoursesbeyondthehighschoollevel.Apersoncangetsuchadvancedtrainingatacommunitycollege,orbusinessorvocationalschool.

Anofficerequiresastaffofmanagerstoplananddirectwork.Asabusinessgrows,sodoestheamountofinformationthatmustbehandledbyitsofficeworkers.Themanagerscoordinatetheactivitiesoftheseemployeessothataccuraterecordscanbekeptconcerningcorrespondence,inventory,payroll,sales,andtaxes.

1.Theofficemanagerhastousethemostsuitablebusinesssysteminorderto（）

.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionoftheofficemanageristo（）

.

3.Inwhatwayaresomecompaniesinefficientinmanagingcommunications?

4.Thedegreeofcomputerizationinacompany'sofficeislimitedby（）

.

5.Theword“mean”(line2,paragraph5)canbebestreplacedby（）

.

6.Thestructureofthispassagecanbedescribedas（）

.

7.Thetoneofthispassageis（）

.

8.Themaintopicofthispassageis（）

.

问题1选项

A.ensurethatofficeservicesruneconomically

B.checkandcopybusinesscorrespondence

C.servicetheinformationrequirementsofthecompany

D.providemeansofbusinessnegotiation

问题2选项

A.providethenecessaryinformationforthelocalauthority

B.keepabalancebetweenproduction,marketingandadministration

C.assistmanagementinmakingappropriatedecisionsquickly

D.makesurethatadministrativeworkisperformedefficiently

问题3选项

A.Bynotmakingdataavailabletoallmanagers.

B.Bywasusingthesamedataprocessingsystems.

C.Bycheckingbusinesscorrespondence.

D.Bydependingonamanufacturingbase.

问题4选项

A.thebusinessmethodsandsystems

B.thecorrespondenceandotherpaperwork

C.thedataanddataprocessingsystems

D.thesizeandresourcesofacompany

问题5选项

A.meaning

B.way

C.chance

D.time

问题6选项

A.deductive

B.inductive

C.accommodation—styled

D.circular

问题7选项

A.neutral

B.objective

C.negative

D.subjective

问题8选项

A.officestructure

B.officefunctions

C.officesize

D.factorsaffectingaccomplishmentofofficefunction

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句,为了有效地满足这些需求,办公室经理必须采用最适当的业务方法、系统和设备。而这些需求则是上一句提到的,与客户、银行、政府和其他外部组织提供必要的沟通以及满足公司内部的信息需求,所以选项C正确。

2.根据第一段首句可知,办公室的职能是执行管理工作。再由第一段最后一句,为了有效地满足这些需求,办公室经理必须采用最适当的业务方法、系统和设备。由此可以推断,办公室经理的职责是确保管理工作得到有效的执行。选项D符合原文。

3.根据第五段的内容可知,许多公司在有效管理通信的能力存在缺陷。例如,一些数据通常只由个别经理使用...,也就是说,不向所有管理人员提供数据,所以选项A正确。

4.根据第三段最后一句“Thesizeandresourcesofacompanywilldeterminehowmechanizedorcomputerizeditsofficesystemsare.”可知选项D与原文描述一致。

5.根据原文可知,“provideameansofbusinesscontrol”指提供一种业务控制手段。mean这里表示方式,方法,手段。选项B正确。

6.deductive演绎法,推论法,即由结论到事件的推理；inductive归纳法,即由事件推导出结论；accommodation—styled调节型；circular螺旋型。原文首先提出的是观点,然后通过具体的事件一步步论证,所以本文的结构为推理演绎,选项A正确。

7.结合文章内容可知,全文的基调都是客观公正的,没有任何带个人色彩的观点。所以选项B正确。

8.本文主要是讲影响公司职能发挥的因素,其他选项太片面,不是本文主旨。

10.单选题

TherighttopursuehappinessispromisedtoAmericansbytheUSConstitution,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayhappinessran.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.JonathanSwiftconceivedofhappinessas“thestateofbeingwell-deceived,”orofbeing“afoolamongidiots,”forSwiftsawsocietyasalandoffalsegoals.

Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffalsegoals.Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.

AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericanbusinessarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyone'sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.

Lookatanyofthemagazinesthatcatertowomen.Thereadvertisingbeginsasartandslogansinthefrontpagesandendsaspillsandtherapyinthebackpages.Theartatthefrontillustratesthedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.This,theperfumedbreathshemustbreatheout.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.Thisisthecreamthatrestoresskin,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfataroundthethighs,andthesearethepillsofperpetualyouth.

Obviouslynoreasonablepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchartorbysuchpillsanddevices.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythisdreamandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatisittheyaretryingtobuy?

Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasachievingsuperiorityoverothers,livinginamansionmadeofmarble,havingawardrobewithhundredsofoutfits,willdotosetthegreedyextreme.

Fromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassagewemayinferthat（）.

In“advertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem”(Line2,Para.3),“them”refersto（）.

Intheauthor’sview,buyingthingsisregardedas（）.

Itisimpliedbytheauthorthatthemagazinesare（）.

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

问题1选项

A.theUSConstitutiongivespeopletherighttopursuehappiness

B.Americanpeopleareatalossashowtogainhappiness

C.JonathanSwiftdidnotbelieveinhappinessitself

D.Americanpeopletendtobuytheirhappiness

问题2选项

A.people’sdesires

B.advertisements

C.varioussensesofhappiness

D.theforcesofAmericanbusiness

问题3选项

A.apatrioticduty

B.supportingthenationaleconomy

C.somethingaddictingustogreed

D.beingtakeninbyadvertising

问题4选项

A.sheerartandslogans

B.fulloflureanddeception

C.veryusefulforprofessionalwomen

D.useless,likecream,tabletsandpills

问题5选项

A.Thepursuitofhappiness

B.Therighttopursuehappiness

C.ThefalsegoalsofAmericanpeople

D.Themisguidingforceofadvertising

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文前两段的内容可知，美国宪法赋予美国人民追求幸福的权利，但似乎谁也说不清幸福跑到哪里去了。JonathanSwift提出了虚假目标的说法，但这种说法不是美国式思维。然而，我们（美国人）似乎执迷于花钱买幸福的理念。由此可知，选项D符合原文。

2.语义推断题。根据题干关键信息定位到第三段句意“广告的存在不是为了满足欲望，而是为了创造欲望。”由此可知，这里的“them”指代的是前半部分提到的“desire”。所以选项A正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.这样一来，我们的整个经济就是建立在使我们沉迷于贪婪的基础上的。甚至有人告诉我们，通过购买东西来支持国家经济是我们的爱国义务。”由此可知，作者认为购物是使我们沉迷于贪婪的东西，所以选项C正确。

4.判断推理题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者提及，现在的杂志为了迎合女性的口味，开头的几页广告都是艺术和口号，到了结尾的几页就都变成了药丸和疗法。由此可知，作者认为杂志充满了诱惑和欺骗，选项B符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合原文内容可知，前两段作者提及美国人追寻不到幸福的方向，而且倾向于花钱买幸福；接着作者讲到了人们是如何花钱来购买幸福的案例；最后作者指出幸福很难定义，关键在于个人如何看待。由此可知，本文主要是围绕着追寻幸福这一话题展开，所以选项A正确。

11.单选题

Thefactthattheearth’ssurfaceheats_______providesaconvenientwaytodivideitintotemperatureregion.

问题1选项

A.infrequently

B.irregularly

C.unsteadily

D.unevenly

【答案】D

【解析】副词词义解析。infrequently“很少发生地”；irregularly“不规则地”；unsteadily“不稳定地”；unevenly“不均衡地”。句意：事实就是地球表面加热不均衡提供了一种将其划分成多个温度区域的简便方法。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

The（）pointofviewpresentsideasandfactsthatbothsupportersandopponentscanagree.

问题1选项

A.main

B.controversial

C.subjective

D.neutral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项main“主要的，最大的”，B选项controversial“引起争论的，有争议的”，C选项subjective“主观的，个人的”，D选项neutral“中立的，中性的”，中立的观点代表了支持者和反对者都能认同的观点和事实。因此，D选项符合句意。

13.单选题

SectionA

Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.

SectionB

Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere“limitstogrowth”.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.

SectionC

However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.

SectionD

Althoughthelanguageof“rights”sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecognizedasa“publicgood”,ratherthana“privategood”thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganizationputit:“Theenjoymentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.”Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.

SectionE

Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.(IntheUSthecurrentfigureisabout12%ofGDP,andinAustraliaabout7.8%ofGDP.)

Asaconsequence,duringthe1980sakindofdoomsdayscenario(analogoustosimilardoomsdayextrapolationsaboutenergyneedsandfossilfuelsoraboutpopulationincreases)wasprojectedbyhealthadministrator,economistsandpoliticians.Inthisscenario,ever-risinghealthcostswerematchedagainststaticordecliningresources.

1.therealizationthattheresourcesofthenationalhealthsystemswerelimited

2.asharpriseinthecostofhealth-care

3.abeliefthatallthehealth-careresourcesthecommunityneededwouldbeproducedbyeconomicgrowth

4.anacceptanceoftheroleofthestateinguaranteeingtheprovisionofhealth-care

问题1选项

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

问题2选项

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

问题3选项

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

问题4选项

A.between1945and1950

B.between1950and1980

C.after1980

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.根据SectionB中第二句，“Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.”在20世纪50年代和20世纪60年代，西方社会逐渐认识到，提供矿物燃料能源的资源是有限的，也是可耗尽的，自然或环境维持经济发展和人口的能力也是有限的。可判断出国家意识到医疗系统的资源是有限的在20世纪50年代和20世纪60年代，所以选项B符合题意。

2.根据SectionE第三句，“…healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.”，医疗费用占GDP的比例从1960年的3.8%上升到1980年的7%，据预测，医疗费用占GDP的比例还将继续上升。可判断出医疗费用的增长发生在1960-1980年，选项B符合题意。

3.根据SectionB最后一句，“…afterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the‘invisiblehand’ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.”，1939年至1945年世界大战之后，人们深信从原则上来说，任何社区的所有基本医疗需求都能得到满足，经济进步将带来影响。可判断出人们相信社区所需的所有医疗保健资源将随着经济的增长带来保障是在1945-1950年间，选项A符合题意。

4.根据SectionD第一、二句，“bythelate1970s…Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.”，到20世纪70年代末，人们还认为，这项权利使国家有义务确保从公共财政中划分出充分的医疗保健资源。所以可判断出人们接受国家在保证提供医疗保健方面的作用在20世纪70年代末，选项B符合题意。

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

Thestrategicnatureofthethreatnowposedbyhumancivilizationtotheglobalenvironmentandthestrategicnatureofthethreattohumancivilizationnowposedbychangesintheglobalenvironmentpresentuswithasimilarsetofchallengesandfalsehopes.Somearguethatanewultimatetechnology,whethernuclearpowerorgeneticengineering,willsolvetheproblem.Othersholdthatonlyadrasticreductionofourrelianceontechnologycanimprovetheconditionsoflife——asimplisticnotionatbestButtherealsolutionwillbefoundinreinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth.Thiscanonlybeaccomplishedbyundertakingacarefulreassessmentofall