考研考博-英语-合肥学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Mariowasawardedthemedalfordisplayingprofessional（）ofthehighestorderintherescueattemptstwoweeksago.

问题1选项

A.supervision

B.intelligence

C.solution

D.competence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。supervision“监督”；intelligence“智力；才智”solution“解决办法”；competence“能力，胜任”。根据关键词professional“专业的”及rescueattempts“救援努力”可推断此处讲的是“专业能力”，因此选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

（）,butitalsofiltersoutharmfulsunrays.

问题1选项

A.Theatmospheregivesusairlobreathe

B.Notonlytheatmospheregivesusairtobreathe

C.Theatmospherewhichgivesairtobreathe

D.Notonlydoestheatmospheregiveusairtobreathe

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。如果notonly位于第一分句主语之前，则该分句要部分倒装，即将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前；后一个分句，即but后面不用倒装。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Anynationthatinterferesintheinternalaffairsofanothernationshouldbe_______condemned.

问题1选项

A.verbally

B.universally

C.wickedly

D.visually

【答案】B

【解析】verbally口头地；universally普遍地；wickedly恶劣地，居心叵测地；visually视觉地。句意：任何干涉他国内政的国家都应受到普遍谴责。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementia（痴呆）inoldage.

Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.

Theywerenotwrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreatingsituationsinwhichonesystemobstructs（痴呆）theother.Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.

Thecollectiveevidencefromanumberofsuchstudiessuggeststhatthebilingualexperienceimprovesthebrain’sso-calledexecutivefunction.Acommandsystemdirectstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperformingvariousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionstostayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonethingtoanotherandholdinginformationinmind—likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.

Whydoesthetussle（搏斗）betweentwosimultaneouslyactivelanguagesystemsimprovetheseaspectsofcognition?Untilrecently,researchersthoughtthebilingualadvantagestemmedprimarilyfromanabilityforinhibitionthatwashoned（磨炼）bytheexerciseofsuppressingonelanguagesystem:thissuppression,itwasthought,wouldhelptrainthebilingualmindtoignoredistractionsinothercontexts.Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition,likethreadingalinethroughanascendingseriesofnumbersscatteredrandomlyonapage.

Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.“Bilingualshavetoswitchlanguagesquiteoften—youmaytalktoyourfatherinonelanguageandtoyourmotherinanotherlanguage,”saysAlbertCosta,aresearcherattheUniversityofPompeaFabrainSpain.“Itrequireskeepingtrackofchangesaroundyouinthesamewaythatwemonitoroursurroundingswhendriving.”InastudycomparingGerman-ItalianbilingualswithItalianmonolingualsonmonitoringtasks,Mr.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthebilingualsubjectsnotonlyperformedbetter,buttheyalsodidsowithlessactivityinpartsofthebraininvolvedinmonitoring,indicatingthattheyweremoreefficientatit.

Thebilingualexperienceappearstoinfluencethebrainfrominfancytooldage,andthereisreasontobelievethatitmayalsoapplytothosewholearnasecondlanguagelaterinlife.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themorerecentandoldviewsofbilingualismdiffermainlyin（

）.

2.Thefactthatinterferenceisnowseenasablessingindisguisemeansthat

（

）.

3.WhatistheroleofParagraphFourinrelationtoParagraphThree?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanaccountforbetterperformanceofbilingualsindoingnon-inhibitiontasks?

5.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.itspracticaladvantages

B.perceivedlanguagefluency

C.itsroleincognition

D.itsroleinmedicine

问题2选项

A.itspotentialbenefitshaveremainedundiscovered

B.ithasledtounexpectedlyfavorableresults

C.itseffectsoncognitivedevelopmenthavebeenminimal

D.onlyafewresearchershaverealizeditsadvantages

问题3选项

A.ItprovidescounterevidencetoParagraphThree.

B.Itoffersanotherexampleoftheroleofinterference.

C.Itservesasatransitionalparagraphinthepassage.

D.ItfurtherillustratesthepointinParagraphThree.

问题4选项

A.Anabilitytoignoredistractions

B.Anabilitytomonitorsurroundings.

C.Anabilitytoperformwithlesseffort.

D.Anabilitytoexercisesuppression.

问题5选项

A.Featuresofbilingualsandmonolinguals.

B.Interferenceandsuppression.

C.Bilingualsandmonitoringtasks.

D.Reasonswhybilingualsaresmarter

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementiainoldage.（事实证明，双语能让你更聪明。它可以对你的大脑产生深远的影响，提高与语言无关的认知能力，甚至可以在老年时抵御痴呆症）可知C选项“它在认知中的作用”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词interference定位到文章第三段中，由Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.（但研究人员发现，这种干扰与其说是一种障碍，不如说是一种伪装的祝福。它迫使大脑解决内部冲突，给大脑一个加强认知肌肉的锻炼）可知B选项“它带来意外的有利结果”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第三段介绍干扰虽然存在，但能锻炼认知肌肉，第四段介绍研究表明双语经历能改善大脑的执行功能，接着又详细说明大脑的工作流程来证明上面的观点。故第四段进一步说明第三段的内容，因此D选项“它进一步说明了第三段的观点”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词non-inhibitiontasks定位到文章第五段中，由Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition（但这种解释似乎越来越不充分，因为研究表明，即使在不需要抑制的任务中，双语者的表现也比单语者好）和第六段中的Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.（双语者和单语者之间的关键区别可能更为基本：提高了监控环境的能力）可知B选项“监测环境的能力”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章首段提出双语者更聪明，尾段提出双语经验对学习第二语言的有利影响，中间内容解释了双语干扰带来能锻炼认知肌肉，双语经历能改善大脑的执行功能。因此D选项“双语者更聪明的原因”符合题意。

5.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Inhisbag.

B.Bythelamp.

C.Inhishouse.

D.Noideaaboutwhereheleftit.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatareyoulookingfor?

M:Mylaptop.Ican’tfinditinmybagoranywhere.

W:Ican’trememberyoucarryingithere.Thinkaboutitonemoretime.

M:That’sright.Ileftitathome.

Q:Whereistheman’slaptop?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Ileftitathome，即他把电脑落家里了。

6.翻译题

Thetermeducationcanbeappliedtoprimitivecultureonlyinthesenseofenculturation,whichistheprocessofculturaltransmission.Aprimitiveperson,whosecultureisthetotalityofhisuniverse,hasarelativelyfixedsenseofculturalcontinuityandtimelessness.Themodeloflifeisrelativelystaticandabsolute,anditistransmittedfromongenerationtoanotherwithlittledeviation.Asforprehistoriceducation,itcanonlybeinferredfromeducationalpracticesinsurvivingprimitivecultures.Thepurposeofprimitiveeducationisthusguidechildrentobecomegoodmembersoftheirtribeorband.

Historicallyallculturesandsocietieshaveprovidedsomeformof“education”,formalandinformal.WhetherwearediscussinginformaleducationofademonstrationvarietyorthehighlyritualizedandformalmechanismsofadoctoralprogramintheUnitedStates,allsystemsofeducationoperateimplicitlyorexplicitlywithasetofpedagogicalobjectives.Inabroadsensetheoverallgoalsofeducation,formalandinformal,aretotransmittheskills,competencies,andvaluesthatthespecificculturedeemsnecessarytoassurethemaintenanceofthesociety.

【答案】只有从表示文化传播过程的文化适应的意义上来看,教育这一词才能应用于原始文化中。对于一个把他自己的文化当做他的全部世界的原始人而言,他对文化连续性和永恒性有着相对固定的理解。他的生活方式相对稳定和纯粹,而在代代相传的过程中,这种生活方式也不会发生很大的改变。至于史前教育,它只能从幸存的原始文化中通过教育实践推知。原始教育的目的在于引导孩子成为他们一伙或乐队中的一名优秀的成员。

从历史角度上看,每个文化和社会都提供了某种形式的教育,不管是正式的,还是非正式的。不管是我们正在讨论的非正式教育的示范还是美国高度仪式化和正式的博士项目机制,所有的教育形式都直接或间接地带有一套教育目的。从广义上讲,教育的总目的,正式或非正式的,是为了传播特定文化所需的用来保证社会群体维持的技能、能力和价值观。

7.单选题

问题1选项

A.Becausethecompanieswanttoimproveworkershealthandreducemedicalspending

B.Becausethecompanieswanttosavemoremoneyforemployers

C.Becausetheprogramsturnedouttobeuselessinimprovingworkers'health

D.Becausethelonger-termeffectsoftheprogramshavenotbeenidentified

问题2选项

A.Theprogramdidnohelpinloweringworkers'bloodpressureorsugarlevels

B.Theprogramsignificantlyreducedworkers'healthcarecosts

C.Theworkerswhoadoptedhealthierbehaviorsturnedtobehealthier

D.Theworkerswhoaremoreoptimisticturnedtobehealthier

问题3选项

A.Theyaregoingtoanalyze3yearsofdatafromthewellnessprogram

B.Theyaregoingtoadjustthewellnessprogram

C.Theyaregoingtosupportthewellnessprogramforalongterm.

D.Theyaregoingtoseewhetherthewellnessprogramarebeneficialinalong-termrun

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】第1题:重新思考健康计划的原因在第二段与第三段最后均有提到。第二段最后说到“itfoundnosignificantreductioninworker’shealthcarecosts（研究发现，职工的医疗保健成本没有显著下降）”，第三段最后说到“Theresearchersarenowanalyzingthreeyearsofdatafromthewellnessprogramtoseeifthereareanylonger-termeffects（研究人员现在正在分析来自健康计划的三年数据，以了解是否有任何长期的影响）”，说明其原因就在这个计划的长期影响并不十分确定，D选项正确。

第2题:文中提到的研究有三个结果：1.参加了健康计划的员工更加注意自己的身体健康问题；2.参加计划与否对于到血压或血糖指标的影响差别不大；3.并没有降低职工医疗成本。因此C选项是符合这三个结果的。A选项的问题在于否定了健康计划对血压或血糖指标的影响。

第3题:研究人员的目标体现在最后一句“Theresearchersarenowanalyzingthreeyearsofdatafromthewellnessprogramtoseeifthereareanylonger-termeffects（研究人员现在正在分析来自健康计划的三年数据，以了解是否有任何长期的影响）”，因此他们的目标就是看这个健康计划从长期来看是否有益，D选项正确。

8.单选题

Alekodenied（）Mary’slittlelamb.

问题1选项

A.tosteal

B.tohavestolen

C.havingtosteal

D.stealing

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。deny“否认，否定”，固定搭配：denydoingsth.“否认做某事，否认做过某事，拒绝做某事”。句意：阿莱科否认偷了玛丽的小羊，因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareferriedisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourseextremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenodearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthere’sagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalledbehaviorsclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingwhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.

ThesocialandpoliticalimplicationsorthesetwotheoriesareprofoundIntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behavioristsincontrastsaythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

46.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem（）.

47.Theword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby（）.

48.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbythe“nature”school?

49.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?

50.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores（）.

问题1选项

A.whyone’sbehaviorsdifferfromothers

B.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligence

C.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheories

D.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”controversy

问题2选项

A.approaches

B.advocates

C.principles

D.characters

问题3选项

A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors.

B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities.

C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsarerevealedbybehaviors.

D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstinct.

问题4选项

A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.

B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.

C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.

D.Theyupholdthatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.

问题5选项

A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantages

B.areamanifestationoftheblacks’poorintelligence

C.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligence

D.havenothingtodowillfactorsotherthanheredity

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】46.主旨大意题。第一段先提出“人们一直很想知道个性和行为是怎样形成的”，然后每段都提出一个理论，最后一段得出总结这两种理论都不能完全解释人类行为，关于个性是先天的还是后天的这场争论肯定会持续很长一段时间。因此D选项“是什么导致了先天/后天的争论”正确，符合题意。A选项“为什么一个人的行为与别人不同”，B选项“是什么造就了智力的不同阶段”，C选项“社会科学家如何形成不同的理论”均不符题意，可排除。故选D。

47.词义推测题。定位在原文Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthere’sagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.（正如人们预想的那样，这两种方法是非常不同的，各理论的……之间存在大量争论）因为两种理论是截然相反的，所以所持不同理论的人会存在大量的争论。因此proponents指人，指这两种理论的支持者。因此B选项“拥护者；倡导者”正确，符合题意。A选项“方法；办法”；C选项“原则”；D选项“特性”均与题意不符，可排除。故选B。

48.推理判断题。根据第三段首句Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.（那些支持自然派的人们认为，我们的个性和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物和遗传因素决定的。）由此可判断自然派认为我们具有一定的个性和行为模式是先天具备的，因此A选项“我们生来就有特定的个性和行为”，正确，符合题意。B选项“环境与我们的个性无关”，说法过于绝对，定位在原文Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.（我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有关系，这是这一理论的核心。）错误，可排除。C选项“能力和特征是由行为表现出来的”与题意无关，可排除。D选项“只有极端的行为是由本能决定的”，错误，定位在原文Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.（极端地说，这一理论认为，我们的行为在很大程度上是先天决定的，以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配。）可排除。故选A。

49.客观细节题。由第四段第一句找到关键词定位Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalledbehaviors（后天理论的支持者，或者通常被称为行为主义者）再由第四段最后一句Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.（他们对人类的看法相当机械的；他们认为，人类像机器一样对环境刺激做出回应，这些刺激是他们的行为的基础。）因此C选项“他们认为我们像机器一样对环境做出反应”正确，符合题意。A选项“他们相信人类是机械的”太过绝对，原文说的是quite“相当”，只能够说明极度相似，并不完全等同，可排除。B选项“他们把我们的行为比作机器”，依照原文，他们是将humanbeing“人类”比作机器，可排除。D选项“他们坚持认为机械论也适用于我们”原文未提及，可排除。故选C。

50.客观细节题。定位到第五段Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behavioristsincontrastsaythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.（这导致一些“自然”派支持者认为黑人基因不如白人。与之相反的行为学家说，成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了许多教育和其他白人所享有的环境优势，因此他们不与白人做出相同的反应。）由此可知，在“自然”派支持者看来黑人的低分数是因为基因的不同。因此D选项“除了遗传与意志因素无关”正确。A选项“是教育劣势的结果”为行为主义者的观点，可排除。B选项“是黑人智力低下的表现”，C选项“与他们的真正智慧无关”与题意无关，可排除。故选D。

10.单选题

Theschoolauthority（

）professorWatsonthathewouldgetonemillionin5years.

问题1选项

A.ensured

B.assured

C.insured

D.sured

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensure“确保，保证”；B选项assured“使确信；弄清”；C选项insure“确保，保证；给……保险”；没有sured这个词。缺谓语动词，由主语Theschoolauthority“学校当局”和professorWatson和thathewouldgetonemillionin5years的关系可知assured“使（某人）确信（某事）”符合题意，句意为：校方向沃森教授保证，他将在5年内获得100万。故答案选B。

11.单选题

Yetthedifferenceintoneandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself:amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthegoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselvestoexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills.Someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreekoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealournaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirth,andofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness,Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereaction.Whenthiscome,therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinanynaturalexcellence,Thus,religiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallgood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefinewisdomas（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtotheauthor?

3.Theauthorofthispassagestatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat

（

）.

4.AllofthefollowingtermsmaybeusedtodescribetheconceptofreasonasusedbytheauthorEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination

B.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth

C.apurposefulandunbiasedquestforthatwhichisbest

D.ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

问题2选项

A.Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination;reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions

B.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

C.Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

D.Thepoetryofreligionoftenassumesthatitisthetruth.

问题3选项

A.itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning

B.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims

C.itdebauchesyoungminds

D.ithasinspiredmankind

问题4选项

A.unemotional

B.orderly

C.reconciledtotheinevitable

D.imaginative

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干中关键词wisdom出现在文章最后一段，恰好词后有破折号“Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallgood”，当它给人训诫、暗示理想或重塑抱负时，它是一种富有想象力的智慧的替代品：我认为，它是对一切美好事物深思熟虑、不偏不倚的追求。浏览四个选项发现，C选项“一种对最好的事物有目的且无偏见的追求”符合文意。

2.判断推理题。第一段中说到对reason理性的态度“Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.我们遵循或不遵循它；它既不催促我们，也不责备我们，除了以事物的真实性质和比例展现出来而自然地激起我们的感情外，它不要求我们有任何感情。”，A选项后半部分“理性在寻找的过程中利用了情感”与文章不符合，因此A选项正确。B选项“宗教已被证明是解决人类问题的一种无效工具”出现在文章第二段“Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.用这种方法（宗教的方法），对生活的真正改善几乎是无能为力的”；C选项“科学寻求对人类问题的渐进解决办法”对应文章第三段“Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.当它解释事件或分配原因时，它是科学的想象替代品”；D选项“宗教的诗歌常常假定它是真理”对应第三段中“Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.生活的目的和条件在宗教中都有诗意的体现，但这种诗意往往把宗教所不具备的字面上的真理和道德上的权威据为己有”。

3.判断推理题。第一段提到题干中两个关键词“religion”和“rationality”。本题问的是宗教的不同之处，因此定位到“religion”相关句“Religionisapartofexperienceitself:amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinc