考研考博-英语-华东交通大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华东交通大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably（

）reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails.

问题1选项

A.concise

B.clear

C.precise

D.elaborate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。concise“简明的”；clear“清楚的”；precise“精确的”；elaborate“详尽的”。句意：新秘书只用了几张纸就写出了一份包含所有的非常详尽的报告。选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Theprodigalson（

）hislargeinheritanceinafewyearsofheavyspending.

问题1选项

A.inherited

B.received

C.accumulated

D.dissipated

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:挥霍的儿子将他继承的一大笔钱在几年之内就挥霍完了。

inherited继承;经遗传而得。received接受；迎接。accumulated累积。dissipated消散；浪费。

3.单选题

Beforeabout1960,virtuallyallaccountsofevolutionassumedmostadaptationtobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;recentstudiesofevolution,however,havefoundno（

）thispervasiveviewofselection.

问题1选项

A.biastoward

B.criticismof

C.basisfor

D.precursorsof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。biastoward“对······的偏见”；criticismof“对······的批评”；basisfor“······的基础”；precursorsof“······的先驱者”。句意：在大约1960年以前，几乎所有对进化的解释都假定大多数的适应是在群体数量水平基础上选择的产物，但是，近来对于进化的研究没发现这种普遍深入的选择观点的基础。由tobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;及however表转折关系可知空格处与前述内容意思相反。故C项符合题意。

4.单选题

Beingoutofwork,Lanecannolonger（）friendstodinnersandmoviesassheusedto.

问题1选项

A.urge

B.treat

C.appeal

D.compel

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。urge“催促”；treat“对待，款待，请客”；appeal“呼吁，恳求，上诉”compel“强迫，迫使”。句意：因为现在没有工作，Lane不能再像以前那样请她的朋友们吃晚餐，看电影了。B项符合题意。

5.单选题

Storesgivenpermissiontosellfireworksallyearwillneedalicensewhichlocalauthorities______willbeabletorefuseandifnecessary.

问题1选项

A.revolve

B.revolt

C.revoke

D.revive

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项revolve“使……旋转”，B项revolt“反抗”，C项revoke“撤回”，D项revive“使复兴”。根据句子意思“获得全年销售烟花许可的商店将需要一份许可证，如果必要，地方当局将有权……该许可证。”可推测，空格部分表示“吊销，撤销”，C项最符合。句意：获得全年销售烟花许可的商店将需要一份许可证，如果必要，地方当局将有权吊销该许可证。因此，该题选择C项正确。

6.单选题

Englishonceahighlyinflectedlanguage—thoughneversoinfectedasLatinorGreekormanyAmericanIndianlanguages—isnowlargely（

）.

问题1选项

A.reflected

B.uninflected

C.inflected

D.homogeneous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。reflected意为“反射的”；uninflected意为“无屈折变化的，无屈折的”；inflected意为“屈折变化的”；homogeneous意为“同性质的，同类的”。

句意：英语曾经是一种高度屈折变化的语言——尽管从未像拉丁语、希腊语或许多美国印第安语那样屈折变化——现在很大程度上是无屈折变化的。

7.单选题

Becauseofalltheattentionwearegivingtoour"bigideas",wemaystartto（）someoftheotherthingsinlifethatareimportant.

问题1选项

A.losetouchwith

B.getintouchwith

C.loseourtouchwith

D.keepintouchwith

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。losetouchwith“与失去联系（或接触）”；getintouchwith“与联系”；keepintouchwith“与保持联系”；没有搭配loseourtouchwith，选项C排除。句意：由于我们所有的注意力都集中在我们的“大想法”上，所以我们开始很难接触到生活中其他重要的事情。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdealoratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywherealtitudesareconcerned（1）.

Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddleclasspeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers'jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence.（2）,havinggivenhiswifeher“housekeeping”，wouldgooutandsquandertherestonbeerandbetting.

Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewasandstillis―inclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseasamostimportantthing,buthealsoconsideredtheeducationofhischildrenasextremelyimportant.Bothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity.Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavetheopportunity(ortheeducationandtraining)tomakesuchlong-termplans.

Nowadays,agreatdealhaschanged.Inalargenumberofcasesfactoryworkersearnasmuch,ifnotmore,thantheirmiddle-classsupervisors.Socialsecurityandlawshavemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabout"tomorrow".（3）.Infacttherehasbeenagrowingtendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition.

（4）.Theygenerallytendtoshareverysimilartastesinmusicandclothes,theyspendtheirmoneyinhavingagoodtime,andsaveforholidaysorlonger-termplanswhennecessary.Thereseemstobemuchlessdifferencethaninpreviousgenerations.（5）Aslongasthisgapexists,therewillalwaysbeapossibilitythatnewconflictsandjealousieswillemerge,orratherthattheoldconflictswillreappear,butbetweendifferentgroups.

问题1选项

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

问题2选项

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

问题3选项

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

问题4选项

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

问题5选项

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:F

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.前文含义“但是，在某些方面变化很小，特别是在某些高度上”可推断此处应是对“verylittlehaschanged”的举例，C项含义为“关于社会阶层的问题，即一个人是否为工人阶级或中产阶级，就是一个变化非常缓慢的领域”，符合题意，故选C。

2.前文含义为“在过去，工人阶级的工资往往低于中产阶级，如教师和医生。基于这一点以及工人工作的不安全性，人们生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异。”下文举例，空格后文的含义为“给一部分给妻子作为生活开支，剩下的出去喝酒和赌博”可知此处为工人阶级的做法，选项F含义为“典型的工人阶级男人们，在周五晚上领薪水，大部分人认为…”符合上下文，故选F。

3.前文含义为“如今变化很大，在大多数情况下，工厂工人的收入可以与他们的中产阶级主管持平。社会保障和法律也使人们不再担心“明天”。空格后文的含义为“事实上，在过去的几年里，中产阶级对自己的地位感到羞愧的趋势越来越明显。”可推断此处可能与“工人阶级对自己过去的社会地位的感觉”相关，A项含义为“工人阶级似乎在慢慢失去过去的那种自卑感”符合上下文，故选A。

4.空格后文的含义为“他们通常在音乐和衣服上有着相似的品味，为了玩得很开心他们愿意花钱，必要时还会为假期或长期计划储蓄。与前几代相比，差异似乎要小得多。”此处可能为对某种变化的举例。选项D的含义为“生活方式和态度的变化很可能很容易在年轻人中看到”符合上下文，故选D。

5.空格后文的含义为“只要这种差距存在，就永远有可能出现新的冲突和猜忌，或者旧的冲突在不同的群体之间再次出现”可推断空格处应与某种差异相关，选项B的含义为“然而，在高薪（无论他们有什么样的工作）和低薪者之间仍然有很大的差距”符合上下文，故选B。

9.单选题

ThediscoveryoftheAntarcticnotonlyprovedoneofthemostinterestingofallgeographicaladventures,butcreatedwhatmightbecalled“theheroicageofAntarcticexploration”.Bytheirtremendousheroism,mensuchasShakleton,Scott,andAmundsencausedanewcontinenttoemergefromtheshadows,andyetthatheroicage,littlemorethanacenturyold,isalreadypassing.Modernscienceandinventionsarerevolutionizingthetechniquesofformerexplorers,andalthoughstillcallingforcourageandfeatsofendurance,futurejourneysintotheseicywasteswillprobablydependonmotorvehiclesequippedwithcaterpillartractionratherthanonthedogsthatearlierdiscoverersfoundsoinvaluableandhardlycomparable.

FewrealizethatthisAntarcticcontinentisalmostequalinsizetoSouthAmerica,andenormousfieldofworkawaitsgeographersandprospectors.Thecoastsofthiscontinentremaintobeaccuratelycharted,andthemappingofthewholeoftheinteriorpresentsaformidabletasktothecartographerswhoundertakethework.Oncetheirlaborsarecompleted,itwillbepossibletoprospectthevastnaturalresourceswhichscientistsbelievewillfurnishoneofthelargesttreasurehoardsofmetalsandmineralstheworldhasyetknown,andalmostinexhaustiblesourcesofcopper,coal,uranium,andmanyotheroreswillbecomeavailabletoman.SuchdiscoverieswillusherinaneraofpracticalexploitationoftheAntarcticwastes.

Thepolardarknesswhichhidesthiscontinentforthesixwintermonthswillbedefeatedbyhugebatteriesoflight,andmakepossibletheestablishingofair-fieldsforthefutureintercontinentalairservicesbymakingtheseareasaslightasday.Presentflyingrouteswillbecompletelychanged,fortheAntarcticrefuelingbaseswillmakeflightsfromAustraliatoSouthAmericacomparativelyeasyoverthe5,000milesjourney.

Theclimateisnotlikelytoofferaninsuperableproblem,fortheexplorerAdmiralByrdhasshownthattheclimateispossibleevenformencompletelyuntrainedforexpeditionsintothosefrozenwastes.Someofhispartiesweremenwhohadneverseensnowbefore,andyetherecordsthattheysurvivedtherigorsoftheAntarcticclimatecomfortably,sothat,providedthattheappropriateinstallationsaremade,wemayassumethathumanbeingsfromallcountriescouldlivetheresafely.Byrdevenaffirmsthatitisprobablythemosthealthyclimateintheworld,fortheintensecoldofthousandsofyearshassterilizethiscontinent,andrendereditabsolutelygermfree,withtheconsequencesthatordinaryandextraordinarysicknessanddiseasesfromwhichmansuffersinotherzoneswithdifferentclimatesarehereutterlyunknown.Thereexistnoproblemsofconservationandpreservationoffoodsupplies,forthelatterkeepindefinitelywithoutanysignsofdeterioration;itmayevenbethatlatergenerationswillcometoregardtheAntarcticasthenaturalstorehouseforthewholeworld.Plansarealreadyonfoottosetuppermanentbasesontheshoresofthiscontinent,andwhatsofewyearsagowasregardedasa“deadcontinent”nowpromisestobeamostactivecenterofhumanlifeandendeavor.

61.WhendidmanbegintoexploretheAntarctic?

62.Whatmusttheexplorersbe,eventhoughtheyhavemodernequipmentandtechniques?

63.Themosthealthyclimateintheworldis______.

64.WhatkindofmetalsandmineralscanwefindintheAntarctic?

65.Whatisplannedforthecontinent?

问题1选项

A.About100yearsago.

B.Inthiscentury.

C.Atthebeginningofthe19thcentury.

D.In1918.

问题2选项

A.Braveandtough.

B.Stubbornandarrogant.

C.Well-likedandhumorous.

D.Stoutandsmart.

问题3选项

A.inSouthAmerica

B.intheArcticRegion

C.intheAntarcticContinent

D.intheAtlanticOcean

问题4选项

A.Magnetite,coalandores

B.Copper,coalanduranium

C.Silver,naturalgasanduranium

D.Aluminum,copperandnaturalgas

问题5选项

A.Buildingdamsalongthecoasts.

B.Settingupseveralsummerresortsalongthecoasts.

C.Mappingthecoastandwholeterritory.

D.Settinguppermanentbasesonthecoasts.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】61.细节推理题。题干意思是“人类是什么时候开始探索南极的？”。第一段第二句指出Bytheirtremendousheroism,mensuchasShakleton,Scott,andAmundsencausedanewcontinenttoemergefromtheshadows,andyetthatheroicage,littlemorethanacenturyold,isalreadypassing.（沙克尔顿、斯科特和阿蒙森等人，凭借他们巨大的英雄主义，使新大陆从阴影中出现，然而，这个仅仅一个世纪多一点的英雄时代已经过去了）可知，从开始探索南极到写这篇文章的时间已经有一个世纪多一点了，一个世纪是一百年，所以A项“大约100年前”正确。B项“在本世纪”、C项“19世纪初”和D项“1918年”都不正确，文章没有给出写这篇文章的时间，所以无法推断具体的时间。因此，该题选择A项正确。

62.细节事实题。题干意思是“即使他们有现代的设备和技术，探险者必须是什么样的人？”。根据第一段最后一句Modernscienceandinventionsarerevolutionizingthetechniquesofformerexplorers,andalthoughstillcallingforcourageandfeatsofendurance,futurejourneysintotheseicywasteswillprobablydependonmotorvehiclesequippedwithcaterpillartractionratherthanonthedogsthatearlierdiscoverersfoundsoinvaluableandhardlycomparable.（现代科学和发明正在彻底改变以前探险者的技术，虽然仍然需要勇气和耐力，未来进入这些冰原的旅程可能要依靠装有履带式牵引装置的机动车，而不是早期的发现者认为非常宝贵和几乎比不上的狗）可知，A项“勇敢和坚韧”正确。B项“固执自大”、C项“很受欢迎和幽默”和D项“坚强而聪明”都不符合原文。因此，该题选择A项正确。

63.细节事实题。题干意思是“世界上最健康的气候是……”。根据最后一段第三句Byrdevenaffirmsthatitisprobablythemosthealthyclimateintheworld,fortheintensecoldofthousandsofyearshassterilizethiscontinent,andrendereditabsolutelygermfree,withtheconsequencesthatordinaryandextraordinarysicknessanddiseasesfromwhichmansuffersinotherzoneswithdifferentclimatesarehereutterlyunknown.（伯德甚至断言，这可能是世界上最健康的气候，因为数千年的严寒已经使这片大陆绝育，使它完全无菌，人类在其他气候不同的地区所遭受的普通和特殊疾病的后果在这里是完全未知的。），结合上文提到了南极，由此可知世界上最健康的气候是在南极，所以C项“南极大陆”正确。A项“南美地区”、B项“北极”和D项“大西洋”都不符合原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

64.细节事实题。题干意思是“在南极我们能找到什么样的金属和矿物？”。第二段倒数第二句指出Oncetheirlaborsarecompleted,itwillbepossibletoprospectthevastnaturalresourceswhichscientistsbelievewillfurnishoneofthelargesttreasurehoardsofmetalsandmineralstheworldhasyetknown,andalmostinexhaustiblesourcesofcopper,coal,uranium,andmanyotheroreswillbecomeavailabletoman.（一旦完成他们的工作，勘探这一巨大的自然资源将是可能的，科学家们相信这将是迄今为止世界上最大的金属和矿物宝库之一，而且人类将获得几乎取之不尽的铜、煤、铀和许多其他矿石），由此可知，在南极我们能获得铜、煤、铀和许多其他矿石，所以B项“铜、煤和铀”正确。A项“磁铁矿、煤和矿石”、C项“银、天然气和铀”和D项“铝、铜和天然气”不正确。因此，该题选择B项正确。

65.细节事实题。题干意思是“对这块大陆有何计划？”。文章最后一句话指出Plansarealreadyonfoottosetuppermanentbasesontheshoresofthiscontinent,andwhatsofewyearsagowasregardedasa“deadcontinent”nowpromisestobeamostactivecenterofhumanlifeandendeavor.（在这块大陆的海岸上建立永久基地的计划已经开始实施，几年前还被认为是“死亡的大陆”，现在却有望成为人类生活和努力的最活跃的中心）可知，对于南极大陆，计划在海岸上建立永久基地，所以D项“在沿海建立永久基地”正确。A项“沿海岸建水坝”与原文不符；B项“沿海岸建立几个避暑胜地”，南极气候寒冷，建立避暑胜地明显不符合常识；C项“绘制海岸和整个领土”，这只是为了方便勘测南极自然资源初步的一个工作，不是最终的计划。因此，该题选择D项正确。

10.单选题

Themedicalrecordshowsthatitwasthedrug,notthedisease,______killedhimtwoyearsago.

问题1选项

A.theeffectsofwhich

B.theeffectsofit

C.finally

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句。句意：医疗记录显示两年前是药物而不是疾病害死了他。itwas...that是强调句型，强调是thedrug而不是thedisease，notthedisease是插入语，去掉itwas...that，句子仍然成立，thedrugkilledhimtwoyearsago。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

Althoughthereareplansto（

）additionalpensions,thiswillnotaffectanyoneretiringbefore1998andwillonlymarginallyaffectthoseretiringby2009.

问题1选项

A.breakdown

B.scaledown

C.boildown

D.narrowdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。breakdown“故障，分解”；scaledown“缩减”；boildown“归结”；narrowdown“缩小范围”。句意：尽管有计划缩减额外退休金数额。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Forcenturiesanimalshavebeenusedas（）forpeopleinexperimentstoassesstheeffectsoftherapeuticandotheragentsthatmightlaterbeusedinhumans.

问题1选项

A.benefactors

B.companions

C.precedent

D.surrogates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:benefactor“捐助者”；B:companion“同伴”；C:precedent“先例”；D:surrogate“代理；代用品，代替”。句意：几个世纪以来，动物在实验中被用作人类的替代品，用来评价那些以后会用在人类身上的医疗制剂和其他制剂的效果。根据语境和句意可知D为正确答案。

13.单选题

Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”

A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.

WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.

Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.

Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.

Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.

“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lettingnaturetakeitscourse.”saidDr.LindaGanzini,aprofessorofpsychiatryatOregonHealthandScienceUniversityinPortland,whohasstudiedpatientsmakingend-of-lifedecisions.

Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness—perhapsamilestone“likegettingthelastkidofftocollege”saidDr.MellarP.Davis,aprofessorhematologyandmedicaloncologyattheClevelandClinic.

Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.

Manypatients,Dr.Ganzinisaid,havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem,andtheyareable,“tofindhopeinthefuture,findmeaningandtoleratethedailyongoinglossesthattheyareexperiencing.”

Dr.Lodish’sbodysitslimpinawheelchairandhistonguelolls;amachinebreathesforhimthroughatracheostomytubeinhisthroat.Helosttheabilitytotalkmorethanthreeyearsago,hesays,thenjokes,“Butnottheabilitytobeannoying.”

TherearenohalfmeasuresforDr.Lodish,ahematologistwhodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.Hewrotea30guideforhisnursesthatsetsstandardsforasterileenvironmentthatgobeyondhospitalpractices,rulesthathavehelpedhimavoidtheinfectionsthatkillmanypatients.Whenhecouldnolongereat,hedidtheresearchtocomeupwitharecipeforthenutrientblendthatflowsdownhisfeedingtube—evendeterminingthattheingredientswerekosher—andhetypedthetwoguidetoitspreparation,twitchbytwitch,withaspecialprogramonthelaptopthathelpshimtochoosewholewordsorphrasesfromscrollinglists.

Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation,andnowadvisespatientswithA.L.S.andtheirfamiliesonhowtoorganizetheirowncareandusethecommunicationdeviceshehasmastered.

“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell,”Dr.Lodishsaid.

Byholdingon,hesaid,hehasbeenabletoseemanyoflife’smilestones,includingthemarriagesoftwoofhisthreechildren.

Whenhisolderdaughter,ElizabethLester,becamepregnantwiththefirstgrandchild,sheaskedherfathertomaketheofficialfamilyannouncement.

“Hestillplaysthesameroleforme”shesaid,“Istillconsulthimonfinancialmattersandotherkindsofthings.”

Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.

1.A.L.S.isadiseasethat（）.

2.JulesLodish（）.

3.AllthefollowingarepossiblereasonswhythepatientswithA.L.S.canliveabetterlifeEXCEPT

（）.

4.Dr.LodishmanagestolivewithA.L.S.mainlybecausehe（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTundertakenbyDr.JulesLodish?

问题1选项

A.causespeopletoparalyzeinstantly

B.makeseverymusclestopmovinggradually

C.ishighlycontagiousintheUnitedStates

D.isgeneticallydeterminedandcannotbecured

问题2选项

A.wantstocommitsuicide

B.supportsanOregonlaw

C.determinedtolivelonger

D.isbecomingunconscious

问题3选项

A.theyhaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare

B.theyhaveasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness

C.theyhavestrongreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem

D.theyhavegotastrongmentalsupportfrompeoplearound

问题4选项

A.ishavingexperthelp

B.knowshowtocopewiththedisease

C.iswell-equippedwithadvanceddevices

D.oftencommunicateswithotherpeople

问题5选项

A.Treatingalotofcancerpatients.

B.Devisinghisowntreatmentplan.

C.Providingmedicalconsultation.

D.Communicatingwithmanypeople.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“A.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle（A.L.S是一种渐进性的麻痹性疾病，几乎使每一块肌肉都停止活动）”和第二段“A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症或卢伽雷氏症，常被描述为一种活死人。身体会变得松弛，而头脑却保持完整和敏锐的意识。）”，由此可推断出肌萎缩性侧索硬化症使肌肉病变会有一个循序渐进的过程。A选项“使人立即瘫痪”说法错误；B选项“使每一块肌肉逐渐停止活动”符合题意；C选项“在美国是高度传染性的”和D选项“是由基因决定的，不能治愈”文章都没有提到。因此B选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:Istilllookforwardtoday.（但当人们问洛迪什对自己的生活有何感想时，他的眼神流露出了身体所没有的那种强烈感，他回答说：我仍然期待着。）”和第四段“lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.（但对于那些像洛迪什医生一样想要活下去的病人，人们却知之甚少。）”，由此可推断出Dr.Lodish虽然被肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症折磨，但他仍不失积极乐观的心态，对生活充满期待，决定好好生活与病魔抗争到底。A选项“想自杀”说法错误；B选项“支持俄勒冈州一项（允许医生协助自杀的）法律”文章没有提到；C选项“决心活得更长”符合题意；D选项“正在变得失去意识”说法错误。因此C选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第八段“Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness…（专家说，让许多病人活下来的，是一种未完的事业感……）”；第九段“Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.（那些做得最好的病人是那些拥有涵盖护理和医疗护理的保险，使他们能够避免一些与疾病相关的主要健康风险的人，以及那些家庭成员在得不到专家帮助时可以支付时间的人。）”以及第十段“havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem（许多患者都有深刻的宗教信仰，这些信仰帮助他们维持生命）”，因此A选项“他们有涵盖护理和医疗的保险”；B选项“他们有一种未完的事业感”以及C选项“他们有强烈的宗教信仰来支持他们”在文中都有提到，只有D选项“他们从周围的人那里得到了强大的精神支持”文章没有提及，因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.（这条与世界相连的线让他与家人和朋友保持联系，让他成为他们生活中重要的一部分。）”以及第十四段“Oneironyiswithmany