考研考博-英语-北京电影学院现代创意媒体学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京电影学院现代创意媒体学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Wetriedtonegotiatebuttheywereadamant.

问题1选项

A.disagreeable

B.confident

C.hostile

D.unyielding

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.disagreeable不愉快的，厌恶的，脾气坏的B.confident自信的，确定的

C.hostile敌对的，敌意的D.unyielding不屈的，坚强的，坚定的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由but可知，前后句意为转折，前面提到“我们试图谈判”，所以推断adamant表示“态度坚决”。因此，D选项词义与划线部分单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为D选项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】我们试图谈判，但他们态度坚决。

2.单选题

Facebook’stopexecutiveareeligiblefortwice-a-yearbonusesofupto45percentoftheirbasesalaries.

问题1选项

A.optional

B.qualified

C.desirable

D.casual

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文语义与形容词辨析。A选项optional“可选择的”；B选项qualified“合格的，有资格的”；C选项desirable“值得拥有的，可取的”；D选项casual“随便的；临时的”。句意：Facebook的高管有资格获得一年两次的奖金，最高可达基本工资的45%。根据句意可排除A、D两项。C选项desirable与B选项qualified的区别在于：desirable通常修饰“值得的或可取的东西”，在这句话中则应该是“一年两次的奖金”，通常用于itisdesirablethat（XX是可取的。）或者itisdesirableforsbtodosth（做某事是值得的。），而划线词修饰的是“Facebook的高管”，两者用法不搭，而qualified通常与介词for连用，AbequalifiedforB（A具备完成/拥有B的资格或能力），该词与原文areeligiblefor词义、用法最相近。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

3.不定项选择题

Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationsaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothershasbeenthefocusofrecentresearchintothemoraldevelopmentofchildren.Untilrecently,childpsychologistssupportedpioneerdevelopmentalistJeanPiagetinhishypothesisthatbecauseoftheirimmaturity,childrenunderagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentionsofapersoncommittingaccidentalordeliberateharm,butrathersimplyassignpunishmentfortransgressionsonthebasisofthemagnitudeofthenegativeconsequencescaused.

AccordingtoPiaget,childrenunderagesevenoccupythefirststageofmoraldevelopment,whichischaracterizedbymoralabsolutism(rulesmadebyauthoritiesmustbeobeyed)andimminentjustice(ifrulesarebroken,punishmentwillbemetedout).Untilyoungchildrenmature,theirmoraljudgmentsarebasedentirelyontheeffectratherthanthecauseofatransgression.However,inrecentresearch,Keaseyfoundthatsix-year-oldchildrennotonlydistinguishbetweenaccidentalandintentionalharm,butalsojudgeintentionalharmasnaughtier,regardlessoftheamountofdamageproduced.Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethatchildren,atanearlieragethanPiagetclaimed,advanceintothesecondstageofmoraldevelopment,moralautonomy,inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage.

Keasey’sresearchraisestwokeyquestionsfordevelopmentalpsychologistsaboutchildrenunderageseven:dotheyrecognizejustificationsforharmfulactions,anddotheymakedistinctionsbetweenharmfulactsthatarepreventableandthoseactsthathaveunforeseenharmfulconsequences?Studiesindicatethatjustificationsexcusingharmfulactionsmightincludepublicduty,self-defense,andprovocation.Forexample,NesdaleandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor’sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty:five-year-oldsreactedverydifferentlyto“BonniewrecksAnn’spretendhouse”dependingonwhetherBonniedidit“sosomebodywon’tfalloverit”orbecauseBonniewanted“tomakeAnnfeelbad.”Thus,achildoffivebeginstounderstandthatcertainharmfulactions,thoughintentional,canbejustified;theconstraintsofmoralabsolutismnolongersolelyguidetheirjudgments.

Psychologistshavedeterminedthatduringkindergartenchildrenlearntomakesubtledistinctionsinvolvingharm.Darleyobservedthatamongactsinvolvingunintentionalharm,six-year-oldchildrenjustenteringkindergartencouldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable,andthuspreventable,harmandunforeseeableharmforwhichtheperpetratorcannotbeblamed.Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous.

66.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?

67.Accordingtothepassage,Keasey’sfindingssupportwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutsix-year-oldchildren?

68.Accordingtothepassage,theresearchofNesdaleandRulesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutfive-year-oldchildren?

69.Accordingtothepassage,Darleyfoundthataftersevenmonthsofkindergartensix-year-oldsacquiredwhichofthefollowingabilities?

70.Accordingtothepassage,PiagetandKeaseywouldNOThaveagreedonwhichofthefollowingpoints?

问题1选项

A.Aconfirmationofanestablishedauthority’stheory.

B.Anexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodterms.

C.Ananalysisofadisputebetweentwotheories.

D.Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry.

问题2选项

A.Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments.

B.Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy.

C.Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty.

D.Theyacceptmoraljudgmentmadebytheirpeersmoreeasilythandoolderchildren.

问题3选项

A.Theirreactionstointentionalandaccidentalharmdeterminetheseverityofthepunishmentstheyassign.

B.They,asperpetratorsofharmfulacts,disregardthefeelingsofthechildrentheyharm.

C.Theytakeintoaccountthemotivationsofactionswhenjudgingthebehaviorofotherchildren.

D.Theyviewpublicdutyasajustificationforaccidental,butnotintentionalharm.

问题4选项

A.Differentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharm.

B.Identifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulaction.

C.Justifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocation.

D.Evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules.

问题5选项

A.Thekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommit.

B.Theageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharm.

C.Theintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharm.

D.Thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?1.下面哪个选项最好地描述了这篇文章的整体？

A.Aconfirmationofanestablishedauthority’stheory.A.对权威理论的确认。

B.Anexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodterms.B.对常被误解的术语的扩展定义。

C.Ananalysisofadisputebetweentwotheories.C.两种理论之争的分析。

D.Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry.D.在正在进行的调查中对研究发现的讨论。

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】首先根据文章第一句“幼儿在什么年龄开始对自己或他人有害的行为做出道德区分，一直是最近儿童道德发展研究的焦点”可知，文章的内容是围绕儿童拥有道德自主的年龄来展开，然后文章主要是讨论了皮亚杰和凯西的研究发现，用Nesdale和Rule，以及Darley的研究做补充说明，综合理解可知，这篇文章主要是对儿童拥有道德自主的年龄进行的研究发现的讨论，D项“在正在进行的调查中对研究发现的讨论”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“对权威理论的确认”，文章并没有对某种理论进行确认，该项属于反向干扰；

B项“对常被误解的术语的扩展定义”，文中没有提到对术语的误解，该项属于无中生有；

C项“两种理论之争的分析”，原文谈到了不止两种理论，该项属于曲解原文。

2.【选项释义】

2.Accordingtothepassage,Keasey’sfindingssupportwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutsix-year-oldchildren?2.根据文章，凯西的发现支持以下关于六岁儿童的结论中的哪一个？

A.Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments.A.他们有能力做出自主的道德判断。

B.Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy.B.他们认为道德绝对主义是对他们道德自主的威胁。

C.Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty.C.他们不理解公共义务的概念。

D.Theyacceptmoraljudgmentmadebytheirpeersmoreeasilythandoolderchildren.D.他们比年龄较大的孩子更容易接受同龄人做出的道德判断。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后两句“然而，在最近的研究中，凯西发现，六岁的孩子不仅会区分意外伤害和故意伤害，而且他们认为不管造成的伤害有多大，故意伤害更淘气。这两项发现似乎都表明，儿童在比皮亚杰声称的更早的年龄就进入了道德发展的第二阶段，即道德自主，在这个阶段中，他们接受社会规则，但认为它们比第一阶段的儿童更武断。”可知，凯西发现六岁的孩子能够自主区分意外伤害和故意伤害，这表明他们进入了道德自主阶段，综合理解可以推断，凯西的发现支持了六岁儿童能够做出自主的道德判断的观点，该题选择A项“他们有能力做出自主的道德判断”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

C项“他们不理解公共义务的概念”虽然在原文提及，但与题干无关，该项属于出处错位；

B项“他们认为道德绝对主义是对他们道德自主的威胁”和D项“他们比年龄较大的孩子更容易接受同龄人做出的道德判断”没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

3.Accordingtothepassage,theresearchofNesdaleandRulesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutfive-year-oldchildren?3.根据文章，Nesdale和Rule的研究表明，以下哪一个是五岁左右的孩子？

A.Theirreactionstointentionalandaccidentalharmdeterminetheseverityofthepunishmentstheyassign.A.他们对故意伤害和意外伤害的反应决定了他们所指定惩罚的严重程度。

B.They,asperpetratorsofharmfulacts,disregardthefeelingsofthechildrentheyharm.B.作为有害行为的作恶者，他们无视他们所伤害的儿童的感情。

C.Theytakeintoaccountthemotivationsofactionswhenjudgingthebehaviorofotherchildren.C.在判断其他孩子的行为时，他们会考虑行为的动机。

D.Theyviewpublicdutyasajustificationforaccidental,butnotintentionalharm.D.他们认为公共义务是意外伤害而非故意伤害的正当理由。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章第三段对Nesdale和Rule的研究的描述，由最后两句“Nesdale和Rule得出的结论是，儿童能够考虑侵犯者的行为是否符合公共义务……因此，五岁的孩子开始明白，某些有害的行为，尽管是故意的，也是合乎情理的；道德绝对主义的约束不再仅仅指导他们的判断。”可知，Nesdale和Rule的研究表明，五岁的儿童在做出判断时，不再仅仅依靠道德绝对主义，而是会考虑某些行为的动机，C项“在判断其他孩子的行为时，他们会考虑行为的动机”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“他们对故意伤害和意外伤害的反应决定了他们所指定惩罚的严重程度”，根据解题思路可知，原文定位处没有提到惩罚，该项属于曲解原文；

B项“他们作为有害行为的作恶者，无视他们所伤害的儿童的感情”在原文没有依据，该项属于无中生有；

D项“他们认为公共义务是意外伤害而非故意伤害的正当理由”，文中提到即便有些有害行为是故意的，但是了解了行为的动机后，孩子们也会认为是情有可原的，所以不管是意外伤害还是故意伤害，他们都会考虑到公共义务，该项属于曲解原文。

4.【选项释义】

4.Accordingtothepassage,Darleyfoundthataftersevenmonthsofkindergartensix-year-oldsacquiredwhichofthefollowingabilities?4.根据文章，Darley发现，在七个月的幼儿园之后，六岁的孩子获得了下列哪一种能力？

A.Differentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharm.A.区分可预见和不可预见的伤害。

B.Identifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulaction.B.认同一个有害行为的作恶者。

C.Justifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocation.C.为因挑衅而导致的有害行为辩护。

D.Evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules.D.评估违反规则所导致的负面后果的严重程度。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一段最后两句“Darley观察到，在涉及无意伤害的行为中，刚刚进入幼儿园的六岁儿童无法区分可预见的、可预防的伤害和不可预见的伤害，而这些伤害不能归咎于肇事者。然而，七个月后，Darley发现这些孩子能够做出这两种区分，从而证明他们已经变得道德自主。”从中可知，六岁的孩子在幼儿园呆了七个月后，能够对可预见的、可预防的伤害和不可预见的伤害做出区分，A项“区分可预见和不可预见的伤害”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“认同一个有害行为的作恶者”，在七个月的幼儿园之后，六岁的孩子能够区分可预见伤害和不可预见伤害的后果，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“为因挑衅而导致的有害行为辩护”不是Darley的研究发现，该项属于出处错位；

D项“评估违反规则所导致的负面后果的严重程度”，Evaluating在原文没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.Accordingtothepassage,PiagetandKeaseywouldNOThaveagreedonwhichofthefollowingpoints?5.根据文章，皮亚杰和凯西不会就以下哪一点达成一致？

A.Thekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommit.A.孩子们为他们所做的有害行为给出的各种借口。

B.Theageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharm.B.儿童开始区分故意伤害和非故意伤害的年龄。

C.Theintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharm.C.孩子们实施伤害的意图。

D.Thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts.D.儿童惩罚有害行为的环境。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“皮亚杰认为，七岁以下的儿童处于道德发展的第一阶段，这一阶段的特征是道德绝对主义（必须遵守权威制定的规则）和即将到来的正义（如果违反规则，将会受到惩罚）”，和第三句“然而，在最近的研究中，凯西发现，六岁的孩子不仅会区分意外伤害和故意伤害，而且会认为故意伤害更淘气，不管造成的伤害有多大。”可知，皮亚杰和凯西对于儿童是否有道德自主的年龄有不同的分歧，所以该题选择B项“儿童开始区分故意伤害和非故意伤害的年龄”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“孩子们为他们所做的有害行为给出的各种借口”是凯西的研究所发展出来的问题，与题干无关，该项属于出处错位；

C项“孩子们实施伤害的意图”和D项“儿童惩罚有害行为的环境”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。

4.单选题

Weall______yourcomingtohelpus.

问题1选项

A.appropriate

B.appreciate

C.admit

D.affect

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项appropriate“盗用；拨（专款等）”；B选项appreciate“欣赏；感激”；C选项admit“承认（不好、不快或尴尬的事实）”；D选项affect“（感情上）深深打动；使悲伤（或怜悯等）”。句意：我们都______你来帮助我们。根据语境，这里帮助对应的应该是B选项appreciate“欣赏；感激”。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Theexactcauseofthekillingdiseasewasnotknownuntilacountrydoctordiscoveredit（）.

问题1选项

A.bytheway

B.byandlarge

C.byallmeans

D.byaccident

【答案】D

【解析】bytheway顺便说说；byandlarge大体上,总的来说；byallmeans一定,务必；byaccident偶然,意外地。句意：直到一位乡村医生偶然发现了这种致命疾病,人们才知道它的确切病因。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Eversincehumanshaveinhabitedtheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,theexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsignlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,wordsandideas.Tourists,thedeaf,andthemutehavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.

Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Awinkcanbeawayofflirtingorindicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.

OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille(asystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertips),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesignsalsoguide,warn,andinstructpeople.

Whileverbalizationisthemostcommonformoflanguage,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeeling.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

3.Whichformotherthanoralspeechwouldbemostcommonlyusedamongblindpeople?

4.Howmanydifferentformsofcommunicationarementionedhere?

5.Signlanguageissaidtobeverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationallyexceptfor（）

问题1选项

A.Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.

B.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.

C.Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.

D.Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexist,verbalizationisthefastest.

问题2选项

A.Therearemanyformsofcommunicationinexistencetoday.

B.Verbalizationisthemostcommonformofcommunication.

C.Thedeafandmuteuseanoralformofcommunication.

D.Ideasandthoughtscanbetransmittedbybodylanguage.

问题3选项

A.picturesigns

B.Braille

C.bodylanguage

D.signalflags

问题4选项

A.5

B.7

C.9

D.11

问题5选项

A.spelling

B.ideas

C.wholewords

D.expressions

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲肢体语言。一般来说,思想和感情的表达都是以口头语言的形式进行的。但当有语言障碍时,交流可以通过其他形式完成,比如肢体语言。所以选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句可知,游客,盲人和聋哑人使用的是signlanguage,而不是oralformofcommunication。所以选项C表述错误。

3.细节事实题。根据原文可知Braille是一种用指尖阅读的凸点系统,即盲文,适合盲人使用。所以选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。文章中提到了oralspeech、signlanguage,bodylanguage、Braille、signalflags,Morsecode、smokesignals、roadmaps、picturesigns这9种交际方式,所以选项C正确。

5.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.”这些完整的文字符号中有许多是非常生动和准确的,可以在国际上使用；然而拼写不能。所以本题选A。

7.单选题

Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes;otherwiseyou______cold.

问题1选项

A.wouldn’thavecaught

B.wouldn’tcatch

C.can’tcatch

D.can’thavecaught

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。otherwise表示“否则，要不然”时，其后的句子应用虚拟语气。由Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes可知此处是对过去的虚拟，故空格处用过去完成时。句意：你没有多穿衣服，否则就不会感冒了。因此A选项正确。

8.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtwotextscarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically“proved”byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinordertokeeptheeconomygoing.(1)Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicethisprinciple.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthofthenation,eitherbythelawsofnatureorbythoseofsociety.Theopinions,whichwerecurrentahundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorance,lackofresponsibility,areoutdated.InallWesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeenintroducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistenceincaseofunemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,eveniftheseconditionsarenotpresent,everyonehastherighttoreceivethemeanstosubsist,inotherwords,hecanclaimthissubsistenceminimumwithouthavingtohaveany“reason”.(2)Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimitedtoadefiniteperiodoftime,let’ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragingofanabnormalattitudewhichrefusesanykindofsocialobligation.

Thismaysoundlikeafantasticproposal,butso,Ithinkourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeopleahundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeachpersonwereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.(3)Thisassumptionrestsonthefallacyoftheinherentlazinessinhumannature;actually,asidefromabnormallylazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethantheminimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.

(4)However,thesuspicionsagainstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundlessfromthestandpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipofcapitalforthepurposeofforcingotherstoaccepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernottostarve,workwouldhavetobesufficientlyinterestingandattractivetoinduceonetoacceptit.(5)Freedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandrejectit;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.

Butsuchasystemwouldnotonlybethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees;itsprincipaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife.

【答案】1.而今天，几乎没有人再敢提出这条原则，现在人们一般认为，不能用自然法则或社会法则把任何人排斥在国家财富之外。

2.但我想建议，这种生活维持费必须限制在一定的限期内，譬如说2年，以避免鼓励一种反常的态度，即不被承担任何社会义务。

3.这种假设是依据这样一种谬论：人的本性中具有内在惰性。而实际上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意只挣相当于最低生活费的钱，也没有人愿意无所事事。

4.然而，有些人想利用资本所有权来迫使其他人接受提供的工作条件，从这些人的立场看来，对最低生活保障制度持怀疑态度不是没有道理的。

5.只有双方都能自由地接受和拒绝合同，才可能有立约自由：在目前的资本主义制度下情况并非如此。

9.单选题

Thefounders,aswasthecaseofalmostalltheirsuccessors,werelongonexhortationandrhetoricregardingthevalueofciviceducation,buttheyleftittothetextbookwriterstodistilltheessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren.

问题1选项

A.infuse

B.disseminate

C.extract

D.demonstrate

【答案】C

【解析】划线词的宾语是theessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren，从那些价值观中……本质。A选项infuse“灌输；浸渍”；B选项disseminate“宣传；散步”；C选项extract“提取；提炼”；D选项demonstrate“证明；展示”。联系句意可知“从那些价值观中提取本质”逻辑通顺，因此C选项符合题意。

10.单选题

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary（）thelettertotheeditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

问题1选项

A.issue

B.printing

C.magazine

D.copy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:issue“（报刊或杂志）期刊”；B:printing“印刷;印刷术”；C:magazine“杂志”；D:copy“一份；复制品”。句意：非常高兴拜读了贵刊二月的一期中所登载有关约翰逊教授致编辑的信。结合此处语义，A为正确答案。

11.单选题

Whatifarchitectscouldbuildlivingsystemsratherthanstaticbuildingsdynamicstructuresthatmodifytheirinternalandexternalformsinresponsetochangesintheirenvironment?Thisideaismakingwavesinthefieldofarchitecture.Houses,forexample,mightshrinkinthewintertoreducesurfaceareaandvolume,thuscuttingheatingcosts.Theycouldcoverthemselvestoescapetheheatofthesummersunorshakesnowofftheroofinwinter.Skyscraperscouldchangetheirprofiles,swayingslightlytodistributeincreasedloadsduringhurricanes.

Such“responsivearchitecture”woulddependontwosortsoftechnology:controlsystemscapableofdecidingwhattodo,andstructuralcomponentsabletochangethebuilding'sshapeasrequired.Architectshavebeenworkingtoimprovethecontrolsystemsinbuildingsformanyyears,butshape-shiftingtechnologyisatamuchearlierstageofdevelopment.

Oneapproachbeingpursuedbyresearchersistoimitatenature.Manynaturalconstructions,includingspiders'webs,are“tensegritysystems”strongstructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelementswhichcanbemanipulatedtochangeshapewithoutlosingtheirstructuralintegrity.“Thesestructurescanbendandtwist,butnoelementinthestructurebendsandtwists,”saysRobertSkeltonoftheStructuralSystemsandControlLaboratoryattheUniversityofCaliforniainSailDiego.“It'sthearchitectureoflife.”

WhileDr.Skeltonisworkingonsolvingtheengineeringequationsassociatedwithtensegritysystems,Tristand’EstreeSterkattheOfficeforRoboticArchitecturalMedia&theBureauforResponsiveArchitecture,anarchitecturalpracticebasedinVancouver,Canada,hasbeguntoconstructprototypesofshape-changing“buildingenvelopes”basedontensegritystructures.Lightweightskeletalframeworks,composedofrodsandwiresandcontrolledbypneumatic（气动的）“muscles”,serveasthewallsofabuilding;adjustingtheirconfigurationtochangethebuilding'sshape.Mr.Sterkisalsodevelopingthe‘brain’neededtocontextsuchabuildingbasedoninformationfrominternalandexternalsensors.

Carsarealreadycapableofmonitoringtheirownperformanceandactingwithacertaindegreeofautonomy,fromcruise-controlsystemstoairbagsensors.Suchresponsivebehaviorisconsiderednormalforacar,architectsarguethatthesamesortofideasshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings,too.Andjustastheperformanceofacarcanbesimulatedinadvancetochoosethebestdesignforarangeofdrivingconditions,thesameshouldbedoneforbuildings,arguesGianCarloMagnoli,anarchitectandtheco-directoroftheKineticDesignGroupattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Heisdevisingblueprintsforresponsivehouses.‘Weneedtoevolvedesignsforthebestperformingresponsive-buildingmodels,”hesays.

Sowillweendupwithcitiesofskyscrapersthatwaveinthebreeze?Itsoundscrazy.But,saysMr.Sterk,manyideasthatwereonceconsideredcrazyarenowcommonplace.“Electricitywasastrangeidea,butnowit'suniversal’hesays.Dynamic,intelligent,adaptablebuildingsare“thelogicalnextstep”,heclaims.

1.Whichtechnologyisneededforsuch“responsivearchitecture”?

2.AccordingtoPara.3,manynaturalconstructions（

）.

3.WhatcontributiondoesSterkmaketoresponsivearchitecture?

4.TowhichofthefollowingisMagnolilikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.Thechangeofinternalandexternalforms.

B.Thealteractionofprofiles.

C.Controlsystemsappliedtomanualcontrols.

D.Structuralcomponentscapableofchangingthebuilding’sshape.

问题2选项

A.cancausechangetoelementsinthestructure

B.aremotivatedbybiologicalmaterialarchitecture

C.canchangetheirshapewithoutaffectingtheirstructuralintegrity

D.arefragilestructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelements

问题3选项

A.Hemakesarchetypesofshape-changingbuildingframes.

B.Heusesrodsandwirestobethewallsofabuilding.

C.HedoesmoreforresponsivearchitecturethanDr.Skelton.

D.Hehasinventedthe‘brain’tocontrolbuilding.

问题4选项

A.Cruise-controlsystemsshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings.

B.Architectsneedtoperfecttitledesignsofresponsivebuildingforthebestmodels.

C.Thedevelopmentofbuildingsisnothingcomparedtothatofcars.

D.Theperformanceofabuildingshouldbemonitoredinadvance.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第二段第一句‘Such“responsivearchitecture”woulddependontwosortsoftechnology:controlsystemscapableofdecidingwhattodo,andstructuralcomponentsabletochangethebuilding'sshapeasrequired.这种“响应式建筑”将依赖两种技术：能够决定做什么的控制系统，以及能够根据需要改变建筑形状的结构组件。’确定D选项‘能够改变建筑物形状的结构部件’正确。

2.根据第三段‘Manynaturalconstructions,includingspiders'webs,are“tensegritysystems”strongstructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelementswhichcanbemanipulatedtochangeshapewithoutlosingtheirstructuralintegrity.许多自然结构，包括蜘蛛网，都是“张拉整体系统”——由许多相互关联的元素组成的强大结构，可以在不失去结构完整性的情况下改变形状。’确定C选项‘能在不影响其结构完整性的情况下改变其形状’正确。

3.根据文章第四段‘hasbeguntoconstructprototypesofshape-changing“buildingenvelopes”basedontensegritystructures.Lightweightskeletalframeworks,composedofrodsandwiresandcontrolledbypneumatic（气动的）“muscles”,serveasthewallsofabuilding;adjustingtheirconfigurationtochangethebuilding'sshape.Mr.Sterkisalsodevelopingthe‘brain’neededtocontextsuchabuildingbasedoninformationfrominternalandexternalsensors.已经开始构建基于张拉整体结构的可变形“建筑信封”原型。轻量级的骨骼框架,由金属杆和电线和由气动控制(气动的)“肌肉”，作为建筑物的墙壁；调整他们的配置来改变建筑的形状。斯特克还在开发一种“大脑”，这种大脑可以根据来自内部和外部传感器的信息为这样一座建筑设定环境。确定B选项‘他用金属杆和电线做建筑物的墙’表达不完整，C选项‘他在响应式架构方面比斯凯尔顿博士做得更多’没有提及，D选项‘他发明了控制建筑的“大脑”’，文章是说‘还在开发中，没有完成，’句意不符合，所以A选项正确。

4.根据倒数第二段的第一句和第二句’Carsarealreadycapableofmonitoringtheirownperformanceandactingwithacertaindegreeofaut