考研考博-英语-北京理工大学珠海学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京理工大学珠海学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Inaneffortto（

）religiousdevotion,theofficialsorderedthattheschooldaybeginwiththesingingofahymn.

问题1选项

A.relinquish

B.denigrate

C.inculcate

D.nonplus

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。relinquish“放弃，放手”；denigrate“诋毁”；inculcate“教育，教授；灌输”；nonplus“迷惑”。句意：为了灌输宗教思想，官方要求教学日以唱赞美诗开始。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

His（）brainhasworkedawayontheideaofauniversalcure.

问题1选项

A.rich

B.quick

C.productive

D.fertile

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他脑子很灵,己经想出了一个靠谱的治疗方法。

考查形容词辨析。rich富有的,肥沃的,昂贵的;quick快的,迅速的;productive生产的,多产的,富有成效的；fertile（土地）富饶的，肥沃的；（人的头脑）主意多，有创造力的；能生育的。

3.单选题

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（

）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

问题1选项

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项occasionally“偶尔地，偶然”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项eventually“最后，终于”；D选项promptly“迅速地，立即”。根据togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth（来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发）及句意可知A选项符合逻辑，表示捋头发这个动作偶尔做。句意：在打字时，海伦有一个习惯，偶尔停下来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发。

4.单选题

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericasinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.

ManyAfricanAmericascommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.

InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters;non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericasinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildren’lackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.

Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.

Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians'intentionsandthefightbegan.

Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or"disses"thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction”，whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s"CityWalk"attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst"physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring..."

1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth（

）.

2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto

（

）.

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause（

）.

4.Mad-doggingrefersto

（

）.

5.Thearchaicphrase,"Idemandsatisfaction"（

）.

问题1选项

A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication

B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact

C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers

问题2选项

A.lookatthespeakerallthetime

B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically

C.lookawayfromthespeaker

D.stareatthespeaker

问题3选项

A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly

B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers

C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters

D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures

问题4选项

A.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters

B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters

C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground

问题5选项

A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact

B.oftenledtoafight

C.wasasignofdisrespect

D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问‘许多非洲裔美国人来自南方…。’由第二段中第一句“PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.很多亚洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比海文化的人也通过避开眼神来表示尊敬。很多非裔美国人，尤其是来自南部的那些人，也遵守这个风俗。”确定C选项“避开眼神接触作为尊敬的表示”正确。

2.细节事实题。题干询问‘当听到别人说话时，白人交流者倾向于…’。由第三段第二句“Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.他们做的正好相反，当他们在听的时候，他们总是要看着说话的人。”确定A选项“一直看着讲话者”正确。

3.细节事实题。题干询问‘许多美国城市的顾客对韩国店主感到愤怒，因为…’。由第五段中第二句“non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.当韩国人店主没有直视他们时，非韩国顾客会变得生气。”确定A选项“韩国人店主没有直视他们”正确。

4.细节事实题。题干询问‘Mad-dogging指的是…’。由倒数第四段第二句"Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.尤其是在城市中心，当一个青少年直视另一个青少年时，这被认为是一种挑衅，有时被称为“疯狂跟踪”，并可能导致身体冲突。”确定D选项“一个青少年对另外一位来自不同文化背景的青少年的一种挑衅”正确。

5.推理判断题。题干询问‘古老的短语“我要求满足”…’。由倒数第二段第三句“Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction",whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.就像古老的短语“我要求满足”(Idemandsatisfaction)成为决斗的序曲一样，冷眼盯着可能成为身体接触的前奏。”确定B选项“经常导致打架”正确。

5.单选题

Asthepost-EnronwaveofcorporatescandalswashedoverAmericalastyear,acommonresponseinEuropewas:itcouldn’thappenhere.Farfromhavingtheworld’sbest-policedmarkets,theUnitedStates,manyEuropeanpoliticiansclaimed,suffereduniquelyfromalethalcombinationofgreedyandoverpaidbosses:conflictedauditorsandinvestmentbankers,relianceonaccountingrulesnotprinciples,andanobsessionwithquarterlyprofitnumbers.InAmerica,asmanyas1,200companieshavebeenforcedtorestatetheiraccountsinthepastfiveyears,inEuropethenumberisbarelyindoubledigits.Soitisoutrageous,manyEuropeansnowargue,thatAmericaisseekingtoimposetheunwieldySarbanes-Oxleyact,passedinthewakeofEnron,onEuropeancompanieslistedinNewYork.

AsmoresensibleEuropeanregulatorsrecognize,thissmugnesswasneverjustified;itisonlynecessarytorecallscandalssuchasVivendiandElan.ButEurope’sclaimofimmunityfromcorporateslacknesshasnowbeenblownoutofthewaterbythisweek’srevelationsthatRoyalAholdoftheNetherlandsoverstateditsprofitsfor200-02byasmuchas$500m.Thecompany’sAmsterdam-basedauditors,Deloitte&Touche,failedtopicktheproblemsupin2001,eventhoughworriesaboutAhold’saccountswerewidelyexpressedinthemarketsformostoflastyear.TheDutchmarketregulatoradmittedthisweekthatithadnopowersofdisciplineoverfaultyauditing.

Whatabouttherelativenumbersofrestatements?BecauseAmerica’sGAAPaccountingsystemreliesonthousandsofpagesofrules,itismorevulnerabletomanipulationthanEurope’smoreprinciples-basedapproach.Butgiventhelargelynon-existentregulationofauditorsandthepoorcorporategovernanceprevalentinmuchofEurope:amoreplausibleconclusionisthatEuropehashadfeweraccountingscandalsthanAmericamainlybecausenobodyhasseriouslylookedforthem,notbecausetheyarenotthere.

ThisisnottosaythatEuropeshouldadoptSarbanes-Oxleyintoto.ThathastilydraftedlawwasdesignedforAmerica’sverydifferentsystem.Manyofthelaw’srulesonmanagersandboardsseemundulyintrusiveevenforAmerica.Butstatutoryindependentregulationofauditors,asprescribedbySarbanes-Oxley,makessenseeverywhere.Sodorulestostopaccountingfirmsdoingconsultingworkforauditclients:anditisalsoworthconsideringmandatoryrotationofauditors.

ThecaseforindependentregulationisthestrongerbecauseEuropeanUnioncompaniesareduetoadoptinternationalaccountingstandardsby2005.Itislittleusetakingthiswelcomesteptowardstougherstandards,whichtheEuropeansareurgingonAmericaintheinterestsofglobalharmonization,ifthereisnobodytooverseetherules.YettheEuropeanFederationofAccountantsadmitsthat,insixEUcountries,thereisineffectnoenforcementatall.

21.Whichoffollowingit’strueaccordingtoParagraph1?

22.Thephrase“intoto”inParagraph4mostprobablymeans（）.

23.IncontrasttoAmerican,Europe,incopingwithfaultycorporateauditing,wouldattachimportanceto（）.

24.Itseemthattheultimatesolutiontotheproblemofcorporatescandalsliesin（）.

25.Accordingtotheauthor,theEuropeancorporatesituationis（）.

问题1选项

A.ManyEuropeanpoliticianswouldboastofimmunityfromAmerica’scorporateills.

B.Manycompaniessufferedfromtheirabsoluterelianceuponaccountingrules.

C.ManyEuropeansprotestedagainstAmerica’sprinciplesimposeduponEuropeanfirms.

D.ManyEuropeanregulatorsrespondedsensiblytothewaveofcorporatescandals.

问题2选项

A.baseduponsensibility

B.followinginahaste

C.givenadifferencesystem

D.actinginasimilarfashion

问题3选项

A.ruleenforcement

B.reliableprinciples

C.justifiedprescription

D.frequentrestatements

问题4选项

A.theinterestsofglobalharmonization

B.theindependentregulationofauditors

C.theadoptionoftougherstandards

D.thesupervisionofconsultingwork

问题5选项

A.fairlyoptimistic

B.quitepromising

C.somewhatdepressing

D.veryastonishing

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】21.推理判断题。定位在首句Asthepost-EnronwaveofcorporatescandalswashedoverAmericalastyear,acommonresponseinEuropewas:itcouldn’thappenhere.（关于去年安然公司的丑闻，欧洲人的共同反应是：这种情况不可能在欧洲发生。）以及原文中的举例InAmerica,asmanyas1,200companieshavebeenforcedtorestatetheiraccountsinthepastfiveyears,inEuropethenumberisbarelyindoubledigits.（在美国，在过去的五年里，有1200家公司被迫重述他们的账目，而在欧洲，这个数字仅仅是两位数。）由此可以推论欧洲人都对自己国家很有信心。所以A选项“许多欧洲政客会吹嘘可以免疫美国企业的弊病”正确。B选项“许多公司因完全依赖会计准则而蒙受损失”说法过于绝对，错误，C选项“许多欧洲人抗议美国强加给欧洲公司的原则”，由C选项可以定位到第一段的最后一句Soitisoutrageous,manyEuropeansnowargue,thatAmericaisseekingtoimposetheunwieldySarbanes-Oxleyact,passedinthewakeofEnron,onEuropeancompanieslistedinNewYork.（因此，许多欧洲人现在认为，美国正试图把安然事件后通过的繁琐的萨班斯-奥克斯利法案强加给在纽约上市的欧洲公司，这是令人气愤的。）可知这只是一个想法，并未落实。因此C项不符合原文，错误。D选项“许多欧洲监管机构对公司丑闻浪潮做出了明智的反应”，根据原文acommonresponseinEuropewas:itcouldn’thappenhere.（欧洲人的共同反应是：这种情况不可能在欧洲发生。）可知欧洲人是有些太过肯定与自信的，不符合明智的这一说法，所以D错误。故选A。

22.词义推测题。A选项“基于感性”，B选项“急忙仿效”，C选项“给出一个不同的系统”，D选项“以类似的方式行动的”。定位到原文ThisisnottosaythatEuropeshouldadoptSarbanes-Oxleyintoto.（这并不是说欧洲就应该……采取萨班斯-奥克斯利法案。），后一句ThathastilydraftedlawwasdesignedforAmerica’sverydifferentsystem.（这份匆忙起草的法律是为美国非常不同的体系设计的。）由此可知，作者认为这项法案只适用于美国，对欧洲而言，是不需要和美国一样采取这项法案的。因此D选项符合题意。故选D。

23.客观细节题。定位到原文BecauseAmerica’sGAAPaccountingsystemreliesonthousandsofpagesofrules,itismorevulnerabletomanipulationthanEurope’smoreprinciples-basedapproach.（因为美国的GAAP会计体系依赖于数千页的规则，它比欧洲的更基于原则的方法更容易被操纵。）由此可知，欧洲相比于规则而言，更倾向于基于原则的方式。A选项“规则的执行”，由关键句可知，美国才是更注重规则的执行的，偷换主语，错误。B选项“可靠的原则”符合题意，正确。C选项“合理的处方”，D选项“频繁的重述”，C，D选项在文中并未涉及，可排除。故选B。

24.推理判断题。根据原文Butstatutoryindependentregulationofauditors,asprescribedbySarbanes-Oxley,makessenseeverywhere.（但是，《萨班斯-奥克斯利法》规定的对审计师的法定独立监管，在任何地方都是行得通的。）而且定位在最后一段的首句ThecaseforindependentregulationisthestrongerbecauseEuropeanUnioncompaniesareduetoadoptinternationalaccountingstandardsby2005.（独立监管的情况更强大，因为欧盟公司将于2005年采用国际会计准则。）由此可推出解决公司丑闻问题的最终办法是对审计师的法定独立监管。所以B选项“对审计师的独立监管”正确。A选项“全球和谐的利益”在文中只是小部分陈述，与题意无关，可排除。C选项“采用更严格的标准”，根据原文Itislittleusetakingthiswelcomesteptowardstougherstandards,whichtheEuropeansareurgingonAmericaintheinterestsofglobalharmonization,ifthereisnobodytooverseetherules.（如果没有人来监督这些规则，朝着更严格的标准迈出这受欢迎的一步是没有用的，欧洲为了全球协调的利益正敦促美国这样做。）可知更严格的标准在无人监督的情况下，也是无效的。因此可排除C选项。D选项“咨询工作的监督”，定位到原文Sodorulestostopaccountingfirmsdoingconsultingworkforauditclients:anditisalsoworthconsideringmandatoryrotationofauditors.（所以规定禁止会计师事务所为审计客户提供咨询服务也是值得考虑强制轮换审计人员的。）对咨询工作的监督只是其中的一类，不能作为最终的解决办法。故选B。

25.推理判断题。定位到原文Butgiventhelargelynon-existentregulationofauditorsandthepoorcorporategovernanceprevalentinmuchofEurope:amoreplausibleconclusionisthatEuropehashadfeweraccountingscandalsthanAmericamainlybecausenobodyhasseriouslylookedforthem,notbecausetheyarenotthere.（但是考虑到审计机构的监管基本上不存在，以及欧洲大部分地区普遍存在的糟糕的公司治理，所以有一个更可信的结论是，欧洲的会计丑闻比美国少，主要是因为没有人认真地去寻找这些丑闻，而不是因为它们不存在。）而第一段开始时就有说到欧洲人一致认为这种事情绝对不可能在他们国家发生。由此可知欧洲公司的现状是有些堪忧的。A选项“相当乐观”，B选项“很有前途的”，C选项“有点令人沮丧”，D选项“非常惊人的”，因此C选项符合题意，故选C。

6.单选题

“WelcometotheU.S.A.!Majorcreditcardsareaccepted!”

Bythemillionstheyarecomingnolongerthetired,thepoor,thewretchedmasseslongingforabetterliving.Thesearethewealthy.“Wedon’thaveabudget,”saysabiologistfromBrazil,asshewalkswithtwocompanionsthroughNewYorkCity’sSouthStreet.“Wejustuseourcreditcards.”

TheUShaslongbeenoneoftheworld’smostpopulartouristdestinations,butthisyearhasbeenexceptional.First,therewastheWorldCup,whichdrewthousandsfromeverycorneroftheglobe;thencametheweakeningoftheUSdollaragainstmajorcurrencies.NowtheUS,stilltheworld’ssuperpower,canalsoclaimtobetheworld’sbargainbasement(廉价商品部).NobodyundersellsAmericathesedaysonjustabouteverything,fromconsumerelectronicstofashionclothestotennisrackets.Bottomretailpricesanywherefrom30%to70%lowerthanthoseinEuropeandAsiahaveattractedsome47millionvisitors,whoareexpectedtoleavebehind$79billionin1994.That’supfrom$74billiontheyearbefore.

True,noteveryonecomesjustforbargains.ThereremainsanundeniablefascinationintherestoftheworldwithallthingsAmerican,nourishedbyHollywoodfilmsandUStelevisionseries.ButshoppingtheUSAisprovingirresistible.Everyweekthousandsarrivewithemptysuitcasesreadytobefilled;someevenrentanadditionalhotelroomtoholdtheirpurchases.Thebuyingbinge(无节制)hasbecomeasimportantaswatchingOldFaithfulFountainseruptinYellowstoneParkorsunbathingonabeachinFlorida.

TheUShascomeatlasttoappreciatewhatothercountrieslearnedlongago:thepouringinofforeigntouristsmaynotalwaysbeconvenient,butitdoesputmoneyinthebank.Andwithatradedeficitatabout$130billionandgrowingforthepast12months,theUSneedsallthedepositsitcanget.ComparedwithAmericantouristsabroad,visitorstotheUSstaylongerandspendmoremoneyateachstop;anaverageof12.2nightand$1624atravelerversustheAmericans’fournightsand$298.

1.FromwhattheBrazilianbiologistsays,weknowthattouristslikeher______.

2.Thereasonwhy1994wasexceptionalisthat______.

3.Bysaying“NobodyundersellsAmerica”(Underlined),theauthormeansthat______.

4.WhydoestheauthorassertthatallthingsAmericanarefascinatingtoforeigners?

5.FromthepassagewecanconcludethattheUShascometorealize______.

问题1选项

A.arereluctanttocarrycashwiththem

B.simplydon’tcarehowmuchtheyspend

C.arenotgoodatplanningtheirexpenditure

D.oftenspendmoremoneythantheycanafford

问题2选项

A.itsawanunusuallylargenumberoftouriststotheUS

B.itwitnessedadropinthenumberoftouriststotheUS

C.tourismwashardlyaffectedbytheweakeningoftheUSdollarthatyear

D.touristscametotheUSforsightseeingratherthanforbargainsthatyear

问题3选项

A.noothercountryunderestimatesthecompetitivenessofAmericanproducts

B.nobodyexpectstheAmericanstocutthepricesoftheircommodities

C.nobodyrestrainsthesellingofAmericangoods

D.noothercountrysellsatalowerpricethanAmerica

问题4选项

A.BecausetheyhavegainedmuchpublicitythroughtheAmericanmedia.

B.Becausetheyrepresenttheworld’slatestfashions.

C.Becausetheyembodythemostsophisticatedtechnology.

D.Becausetheyareavailableatalltouristdestinations.

问题5选项

A.theweakeningoftheUSdollarcanresultintradedeficits

B.thelowertheretailprices,thegreaterinprofits

C.tourismcanmakegreatcontributionstoitseconomy

D.visitorstotheUSarewealthierthanUStouristsabroad

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由原文可以定位到文章第二段最后两句“Wedon’thaveabudget,”saysabiologistfromBrazil,asshewalkswithtwocompanionsthroughNewYorkCity’sSouthStreet.“Wejustuseourcreditcards.”（“我们没有预算，”一位来自巴西的生物学家说，她和两个同伴走在纽约市的南街。“我们只是使用我们的信用卡。”），说明现在成千上万涌入美国的有钱人和那个巴西生物学家一样，根本没有预算，不在意自己花了多少钱。因此B选项“根本不关心他们花了多少钱”正确。A选项“不愿意随身携带现金”，C选项“不善于计划自己的支出”，D选项“花费的钱往往超过他们的承受能力”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句TheUShaslongbeenoneoftheworld’smostpopulartouristdestinations,butthisyearhasbeenexceptional.First,therewastheWorldCup,whichdrewthousandsfromeverycorneroftheglobe;thencametheweakeningoftheUSdollaragainstmajorcurrencies.（长期以来，美国一直是世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，但今年的情况非同寻常。首先是世界杯，吸引了来自世界各个角落的成千上万的人；其次是美元对其他主要货币的汇率走弱。），说明1994年不同于往年，其原因是世界杯吸引了大量的游客，美元下跌使在美国购物特别便宜，这吸引了更多的游客。因此A选项“它见证了异常多的游客到美国来旅游”正确。B选项“它见证了赴美游客数量的下降”，C选项“那一年旅游业几乎没有受到美元贬值的影响”，D选项“那年游客来美国是为了观光，而不是为了降价商品”均与原文意思相反，所以B,C,D错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句NowtheUS,stilltheworld’ssuperpower,canalsoclaimtobetheworld’sbargainbasement.（美国现在仍是世界上的超级大国，也可以声称是世界上的廉价商品部。），由此可知划线句NobodyundersellsAmerica所包含的意思是：没有哪个国家的物价水平比美国更低，后文又提到了美国的零售底价比欧洲低30%，比亚洲低70%，更加证明了这一观点。因此D选项“没有其他国家比美国物价更低”正确。A选项“没有其他国家会低估美国产品的竞争力”，B选项“没有人期望美国人削减其商品的价格”，C选项“没有人限制美国商品的销售”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第二句ThereremainsanundeniablefascinationintherestoftheworldwithallthingsAmerican,nourishedbyHollywoodfilmsandUStelevisionseries.（在世界其他地方，在好莱坞电影和美国电视剧的滋养下，人们对美国的一切仍然有着不可否认的迷恋。），说明作者认为美国的一切都让外国人着迷的原因是美国电影电视剧等媒体的影响。因此A选项“因为它们通过美国的媒体获得了很多宣传”正确。B选项“因为它们代表了世界的最新时尚”，C选项“因为它们体现了最先进的技术”，D选项“因为它们在所有的旅游目的地都能买到”在文中均没有提及，所以B,C,D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句TheUShascomeatlasttoappreciatewhatothercountrieslearnedlongago:thepouringinofforeigntouristsmaynotalwaysbeconvenient,butitdoesputmoneyinthebank.（终于，美国也意识到其他国家早已明白的东西：外国旅游者的涌入虽然带来了不便，可也带来了经济上的实惠。），说明美国意识到了旅游业能为经济发展做出贡献。因此C选项“旅游业可以为其经济做出巨大贡献”正确。A选项“美元的疲软会导致贸易赤字”，B选项“零售价格越低，利润就越大”，D选项“来美国的游客比在国外的美国游客更富有”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。

7.单选题

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityand(predispose)toemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotsowidespreadtodayifparents,caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.

Thirdly,inthelastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.

ButBowlby'sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

1.Thispassageprimarilyarguesthat（

）.

2.Thephrase“predisposeto”(Para.1,line3)mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.AccordingtoBowlby'sanalysis,itisquitepossiblethat（

）.

4.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthesecondparagraphthat.

5.Thewriterconcludesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.infantsundertheageofthreeshouldnotbesenttonurseryschools

B.whetherchildrenundertheageofthreeshouldbesenttonurseryschools

C.thereisnotnegativelong-termeffectoninfantswhoaresenttoschoolbeforetheyarethree

D.thereissomenegativeeffectonchildrenwhentheyaresenttoschoolaftertheageofthree

问题2选项

A.leadto

B.disposeto

C.getinto

D.tendtosuffer

问题3选项

A.children'spersonalitieswillbechangedtosomeextentthroughseparationfromtheirparents

B.earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren

C.childrenwillbeexposedtomanynegativeeffectsfromearlydaycarelateron

D.somelong-termeffectscanhardlybereducedfromchildren’sdevelopment

问题4选项

A.traditionalsocietiesseparatethechildfromtheparentatanearlyage

B.Childreninmodemsocietiescausemoretroublesthanthoseintraditionalsocieties

C.AchilddidnotlivetogetherwithhisparentsamongtheNgoni

D.Childreninsomesocietiesdidnothaveemotionalproblemswhenseparatedfromtheparents

问题5选项

A.itisdifficulttomakeclearwhatistherightagefornurseryschool

B.Itisnotsettlednowwhetherearlycareisreasonableforchildren

C.Itisnotbeneficialforchildrentobesenttonurseryschool

D.Itisreasonabletosubjectachildabovethreetonurseryschool

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文讨论的是孩子三岁前是否应该去托管所的争议。

2.词义题。第一段中predisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife,根据句意可判断predispose的意思是“易受到”,D项(tendtosuffer)正确。

3.细节题。根据题干定位至第一段:…thatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityand(predispose)toemotionalproblemsinlaterlife(在从出生到三岁这段敏感的“依恋”时期与父母的分离可能会伤及孩子的人格，并在以后的生活中（倾向于）情感问题)。因此C项正确。

4.推断题。定位至第二段:Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedlov