高三英语一轮复习语法专题：(浙江)定语从句课件

定语从句定语从句单句语法填空1.MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s，________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.(2016·全国Ⅰ，65)2.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，________livedfromroughly551to479BC，influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ，47)3.I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(2015·全国Ⅰ，64)答案1.when

2.who

3.that/which[感

悟

高

考]单句语法填空[感悟高考]考点一下列情况只用that不用which

规则❶

先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。 Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?

你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？[考

点

清

单]考点一下列情况只用that不用which[考点清单]规则❷

先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词。WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？规则❸

先行词中既有人也有物。Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandtheplacethathehadvisitedinthatcountry.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。规则❷先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词考点二用which而不用that引导的定语从句

规则❶

which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。 Hehadfailedinthemathsexam，whichmadehisfatherveryangry.

他没通过数学考试，这令他父亲很生气。

规则❷

在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导。 ThisistheplaceinwhichLuXunusedtolive.

这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。

规则❸

which用作定语时。 Hemaybelate，inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.

他也许会迟到，那样的话，我们应该等他。考点二用which而不用that引导的定语从句考点三关系副词引导的定语从句

规则❶

关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。 IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。

规则❷

当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 Isthisthereason(that)

heexplainedforhisrudenessatthemeeting?

这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？考点三关系副词引导的定语从句规则❸

当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步。规则❸当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，s考点四“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

规则❶

若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted.

皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。 IwishtothankProfessorSmith，withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.

我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。考点四“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句规则❷

“复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号隔开，定语从句常用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse，infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.他住在一个大房子里，房子的前面有一棵大树。规则❷“复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，常与先行词考点五as，which引导的定语从句

规则❶

as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 Asweallknow，smokingisbadforourhealth.

众所周知，抽烟有害健康。

规则❷

which引导非限制性定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于句末，意为“这，这一点”。 LiMingwaslate，whichmadeMrZhangveryangry.

李明迟到了，这让张老师很生气。考点五as，which引导的定语从句规则❸

as常用在下列习惯用语中。as(it)oftenhappens，asIremember，asisoftenthecase，asisexpected，asisknowntous，asisshown等。Heshoutswhenhegetsangry，asisoftenthecase.他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。规则❸as常用在下列习惯用语中。1.【误】Alotoflanguagelearning，whichhasbeendiscovered，ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife，soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.

【正】Alotoflanguagelearning，ashasbeendiscovered，ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife，soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.

【探究】本题考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词指整个一句话Alotoflanguagelearningishappeninginthefirstyearoflife。as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是as。[正

误

探

究]1.【误】Alotoflanguagelearnin2.【误】Thetravelerswhoknewaboutthefloodstookanotherroad.

【正】Thetravelers,whoknewaboutthefloodstookanotherroad.

【探究】句意：旅客们知道道路被淹都改道走了。误句是限制性定语从句，意为“只有那些知道道路被淹的旅客改道走了”，而那些不知道这一情况的旅客仍走现已被淹的道路，显然与原意不符，应改为非限制性定语从句，这样一来，对前面的名词没有起任何限制作用。务必注意限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在意思上的区别，而区别的关键就是逗号。2.【误】Thetravelerswhoknewab易错点1定语从句与强调句的判断 Itwasinthesmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather________hespenthischildhood.

误填where；who

答案which；that

[考查定语从句和强调句。句意：他是在他父亲用石头建造的那座小房子里度过了他的童年。前一空中which引导一个定语从句，修饰前面的house；后一空是一个强调句。判断句子是否为强调句，只要将强调句型中的Itis/was，that/who去掉句子意思完整，这就是强调句型。][易

错

防

范]易错点1定语从句与强调句的判断[易错防范]【点拨】定语从句和强调句糅合在一起考查，是对定语从句的一种考查方式，解决问题的关键是找准句子的主干意思，即找到强调句型的填充处。【点拨】定语从句和强调句糅合在一起考查，是对定语从句的一种考易错点2由分隔问题而导致的错误 Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.

误填that/which

答案when

[句意：仅靠体力能谋生的时代一去不复返了。先行词为days，将其带入空格后的定语从句中可知该先行词作状语，表时间，相当于inwhich，故用关系副词when。]易错点2由分隔问题而导致的错误【点拨】分隔式定语从句的难点在于如何准确找到先行词，一旦找准先行词，确定关系代词或关系副词就很容易了。【点拨】分隔式定语从句的难点在于如何准确找到先行词，一旦找准Ⅰ.单句语法填空[针

对

训

练]1.Manyyoungpeople，mostof________werewell-educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.2.Ilivenextdoortoacouple________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.3.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneof________hasbeenproved.4.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，________theweathermaybebetter.Ⅰ.单句语法填空[针对训练]1.Manyyoung5.China

Todayattractsaworldwidereadership，________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.6.Untilnow，wehaveraised50，000poundsforthepoorchildren，________isquiteunexpected.7.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alexisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.8.Pleasesendusalltheinformation________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.5.ChinaTodayattractsaworld9.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon________schooleducationdepends.10.Thenumberofsmokers，________isreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.答案1.whom

2.whose

3.which

4.when

5.which

6.which

7.when

8.that

9.which

10.as9.SomeexpertsthinkreadingiⅡ.语篇填空(用适当的关系词填空)Doyouknowtheman__1__wrotethisbook？HewasJason，oneoftheengineers__2__camefromRussiainthe1950s.Heworkedinthesamefactory__3__myfatheronceworked.WhenhecametoChina，thefirstthing__4__hedidwastovisitthefactory__5__didresearchontrolleybusesandfoundoutthereason__6__Chinawassobackwardinit.Thenhespenteveryminute__7__hecouldspareinhelpingChinadeveloptransportation.__8__ismentionedabove，Jasonwasaforeigner__9__madegreatcontributionstoourcountryandwasakindmanto__10__weshouldsaythanks.答案1.who/that

2.who/that

3.where

4.that

5.which/that

6.why

7.that

8.As

9.who/that

10.whomⅡ.语篇填空(用适当的关系词填空)DoyouknowtⅢ.语法填空OneofthemajorholidayshoppingdaysisthedayafterThanksgiving.Itis__1__(frequent)referredtoasBlackFriday.Theuseoftheword“black”relates__2__thebusinessaccountants.Storekeepersusedtorecordprofitsinblackinkandlossesinredink.So__3__(be)“intheblack”ontheFridayafterThanksgivingmeansagoodthing，areturntoprofits.BlackFridayisthebigdayformanyretailers，anditpresentstheshopperanopportunity__4__(get)allofone’sholidayshoppingdoneatonceamongamazingsaleprices.Onthatday，mostretailerswillopenveryearly__5__usuallyprovidemassiveandattractivediscountsontheirproducts，whileagreatnumberofholidayshopperswillget__6__earlystartinthemorningtobeginChristmasshopping.Ⅲ.语法填空OneofthemajorholidayBlackFridayalsomeansthatpeoplefacecrowdedstores，__7__istheotherideaofa“BlackFriday”，adaytheydonotlike.Itusedtobethe__8__(busy)shoppingdayofayear.Manypeopleavoidthisshoppingdayaltogetherbecauseofthestress__9__(involve)infightingthecrowds.InrecentyearstheSaturdaybeforeChristmas__10__(see)thebiggestshoppingcrowds.答案1.frequently

[考查副词。句意：它频繁地被称作“黑色星期五”。空处修饰动词短语isreferredto，应用副词。]2.to

[考查固定搭配。relateto...“和……有关”，是固定短语。]BlackFridayalsomeansthatp3.being

[考查动名词作主语。分析句子结构可知，本处应用动名词短语being“intheblack”ontheFridayafterThanksgiving作主语。]4.toget

[考查非谓语动词。它给顾客一个以惊人的价格获得商品的机会。本处应用动词不定式作theopportunity的定语。]5.and

[考查并列连词。多数的商家都会早早地开门迎客，同时为顾客提供很多吸引人的折扣。本处and连接两个并列的谓语。]6.an

[考查冠词。anearlystart“一个早的开始”，此处表示泛指，故应用不定冠词；又因early的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。]7.which

[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本处应为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的“peoplefacecrowdedstores”这句话，应用关系代词which。]3.being[考查动名词作主语。分析句子结构可知，本处应8.busiest

[考查形容词最高级，它过去常常是一年中最繁忙的购物日。根据前面的the可知，本处应用最高级busiest。]9.involved

[考查非谓语动词。很多人避免在这一天购物，因为会卷入抵抗人群的压力中。involve与stress为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。]10.hasseen

[考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Inrecentyears可知，本处应用现在完成时，主语theSaturdaybeforeChristmas为单数，故用hasseen。]8.busiest[考查形容词最高级，它过去常常是一年中最ThankYou!ThankYou!定语从句定语从句单句语法填空1.MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s，________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.(2016·全国Ⅰ，65)2.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，________livedfromroughly551to479BC，influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ，47)3.I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(2015·全国Ⅰ，64)答案1.when

2.who

3.that/which[感

悟

高

考]单句语法填空[感悟高考]考点一下列情况只用that不用which

规则❶

先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。 Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?

你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？[考

点

清

单]考点一下列情况只用that不用which[考点清单]规则❷

先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词。WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？规则❸

先行词中既有人也有物。Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandtheplacethathehadvisitedinthatcountry.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。规则❷先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词考点二用which而不用that引导的定语从句

规则❶

which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。 Hehadfailedinthemathsexam，whichmadehisfatherveryangry.

他没通过数学考试，这令他父亲很生气。

规则❷

在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导。 ThisistheplaceinwhichLuXunusedtolive.

这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。

规则❸

which用作定语时。 Hemaybelate，inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.

他也许会迟到，那样的话，我们应该等他。考点二用which而不用that引导的定语从句考点三关系副词引导的定语从句

规则❶

关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。 IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。

规则❷

当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 Isthisthereason(that)

heexplainedforhisrudenessatthemeeting?

这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？考点三关系副词引导的定语从句规则❸

当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步。规则❸当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，s考点四“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

规则❶

若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted.

皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。 IwishtothankProfessorSmith，withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.

我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。考点四“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句规则❷

“复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号隔开，定语从句常用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse，infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.他住在一个大房子里，房子的前面有一棵大树。规则❷“复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，常与先行词考点五as，which引导的定语从句

规则❶

as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 Asweallknow，smokingisbadforourhealth.

众所周知，抽烟有害健康。

规则❷

which引导非限制性定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于句末，意为“这，这一点”。 LiMingwaslate，whichmadeMrZhangveryangry.

李明迟到了，这让张老师很生气。考点五as，which引导的定语从句规则❸

as常用在下列习惯用语中。as(it)oftenhappens，asIremember，asisoftenthecase，asisexpected，asisknowntous，asisshown等。Heshoutswhenhegetsangry，asisoftenthecase.他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。规则❸as常用在下列习惯用语中。1.【误】Alotoflanguagelearning，whichhasbeendiscovered，ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife，soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.

【正】Alotoflanguagelearning，ashasbeendiscovered，ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife，soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.

【探究】本题考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词指整个一句话Alotoflanguagelearningishappeninginthefirstyearoflife。as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是as。[正

误

探

究]1.【误】Alotoflanguagelearnin2.【误】Thetravelerswhoknewaboutthefloodstookanotherroad.

【正】Thetravelers,whoknewaboutthefloodstookanotherroad.

【探究】句意：旅客们知道道路被淹都改道走了。误句是限制性定语从句，意为“只有那些知道道路被淹的旅客改道走了”，而那些不知道这一情况的旅客仍走现已被淹的道路，显然与原意不符，应改为非限制性定语从句，这样一来，对前面的名词没有起任何限制作用。务必注意限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在意思上的区别，而区别的关键就是逗号。2.【误】Thetravelerswhoknewab易错点1定语从句与强调句的判断 Itwasinthesmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather________hespenthischildhood.

误填where；who

答案which；that

[考查定语从句和强调句。句意：他是在他父亲用石头建造的那座小房子里度过了他的童年。前一空中which引导一个定语从句，修饰前面的house；后一空是一个强调句。判断句子是否为强调句，只要将强调句型中的Itis/was，that/who去掉句子意思完整，这就是强调句型。][易

错

防

范]易错点1定语从句与强调句的判断[易错防范]【点拨】定语从句和强调句糅合在一起考查，是对定语从句的一种考查方式，解决问题的关键是找准句子的主干意思，即找到强调句型的填充处。【点拨】定语从句和强调句糅合在一起考查，是对定语从句的一种考易错点2由分隔问题而导致的错误 Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.

误填that/which

答案when

[句意：仅靠体力能谋生的时代一去不复返了。先行词为days，将其带入空格后的定语从句中可知该先行词作状语，表时间，相当于inwhich，故用关系副词when。]易错点2由分隔问题而导致的错误【点拨】分隔式定语从句的难点在于如何准确找到先行词，一旦找准先行词，确定关系代词或关系副词就很容易了。【点拨】分隔式定语从句的难点在于如何准确找到先行词，一旦找准Ⅰ.单句语法填空[针

对

训

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Todayattractsaworldwidereadership，________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.6.Untilnow，wehaveraised50，000poundsforthepoorchildren，________isquiteunexpected.7.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alexisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.8.Pleasesendusalltheinformation________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.5.ChinaTodayattractsaworld9.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon________schooleducationdepends.10.Thenumberofsmokers，________isreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.答案1.whom

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10.as9.SomeexpertsthinkreadingiⅡ.语篇填空(用适当的关系词填空)Doyouknowtheman__1__wrotethisbook？HewasJason，oneoftheengineers__2__camefromRussiainthe1950s.Heworkedinthesamefactory__3__myfatheronceworked.WhenhecametoChina，thefirstthing__4__hedidwastovisitthefactory__5__didresearchontrolleybusesandfoundoutthereason__6__Chinawassobackwardinit.Thenhespenteveryminute__7__hecouldspareinhelpingChinadeveloptransportation.__8__ismentionedabove，Jasonwasaforeigner__9__madegreatcontributionstoourcountryandwasakindmanto__10__weshouldsaythanks.答案1.who/that

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10.whomⅡ.语篇填空(用适当的关系词填空)DoyouknowtⅢ.语法填空OneofthemajorholidayshoppingdaysisthedayafterThanksgiving.Itis__1__(frequent)referredtoasBlackFriday.Theuseoftheword“black”relates__2__thebusinessaccountants.Storekeepersusedtorecordprofitsinblackinkandlossesinredink.So__3__(be)“intheblack”ontheFridayafterThanksgivingmeansagoodthing，