作文炼句-第31篇译文老师笔记

1.1.2012年就有超过七百万人直接死于空气污染，而这些污染大然气，那么成百万人的就能大幅延长。TheWorldHealth anisationestimatesthatmorethan7millionpeoplediedasadirectresultof（1.作为……的直接结果）airpollutionin2012alonewithmuchofthatpollutioncomingfromtheburningoffossilfuels.Giventhatnuclearpowerproducesnoemissions,wereitwidelyadoptedinplaceof（2.代替）coalandgasmillionsoflivescouldbesignificantlyprolonged（3.asadirectresultBECAUSEBECAUSEcountableoronlysomethingthathappensorexistsbecauseofsomething else结果；后Theroadhasbeenwidened,butthe resultisjustmoretraffic.道路被Hisbrokenlegisthedirectresult ofhisowncarelessness.他自己Itriedtorepaintthekitchenwallswithdisastrousresults.我试图重Toensuregood/thebestresults,useItaliantomatoesandfreshasaresultofbecauseofsomethingProfitshavedeclinedasaresultoftherecent dropinsales.由于Asadirectresultofthis,criticssay,thenumberofwomenwhodieasresultofbotched,amateurterminationsgoesup.（ 妇女因为糟糕的业余堕胎手术而。inplaceinplaceofinsteadof orsomethingYoucanusemargarineinplaceofbutterin somerecipes.有些食谱里，inplaceofinsomething’splacephrase ofsomethingorTheideawastoabandonthecommunistmodel,andcreate marketeconomyinitsplace.Inplaceofordinarylightbulbs,youcoulduse NeilRobertson,theworldchampion,camefrom2-0downwithbreaksof68,101and80tobeatMarkWilliams,twiceworldchampion,3-2andwillwakeuptomorrowasthenewworldNo1,arollingsystemhaving adoptedinplaceofasingle revisionat ofeachseason.（ 两盘的情况下，以68、101和80直落三盘以3：2分逆转两届世界冠军马克.威廉姆斯，而他明天起来就会成为新的世界第一。新的滚动更新系统已替代了以前每赛季末才更新一次的旧系统。替换表达：toreplaceinsteadoftaketheplaceofbeasubstitutebeUK [- verbtomakesomethinglastalongertimeWewerehavingsuchagoodtimethatwedecidedtoprolongourstaybyanotherweek.过得非常愉快，决定再多待一个星期。Shechewedeachdeliciousmouthfulasslowlyasshecould,prolongingtheByfailingtocometogethertodenounceMrMugabe theyhavenotonlyprolonged Zimbabwe'sagony;theyhavedamagedthewholeofsouthernAfrica,both materiallyandintermsofAfrica'sreputation.（ 替换表达：beQpeopledieddirectlyofairpollution,mostofwhichcamefromtheburningoffossilfuels,请问这样用非限制定从写能不能？mostofwhichA：Wereitwidelyadoptedinplaceofcoalandgasmillionsoflivescouldbesignificantlyprolonged.[分析]本句的主分为millionsoflivescouldbesignificantlyprolonged是一个结构。句首是一个倒装结构，是一个条件状语从句，在省略连词ifhad、shouldbewere Theenergyproducedbynuclearplantsdwarfs（1.让……相形见绌）othercleanenergysources,anditisaconstantandreliablesupply.Withthisinmind（2.考虑到这一点）,nuclearpoweristheprimecandidatefor（3.……的热门选择）replacingfossilfuelsandmeetingourenergyneeds,althoughpublicoppositionwillcontinuetobeamajorobstacle（4.主要 dwarfVERB动词使显得矮小;使相形见绌Ifoneorthingisdwarfedbyanother,thesecondissomuchbiggerthanthethatitmakesthemlookverysmall.【语法信息】：beV-【语法信息】：VHisfigureisdwarfedbythehugeredMcDonald'ssign...在巨大的红色麦TheUSairtravelmarketdwarfsthatofBritain.与航空旅行市场比起But ysisof 1,000investorstocomplain Securities-abrokerfirmwhiovedintothefirm'sofficesand someofitsassets-showstheFSCScouldpayoutasmuchas£300m the9,000clientsofthehigh-pressuresalesoutfit,which liquidationlastsummer.Thiswilldwarf otherFSCSsinglecompanypayouts.（ 1000名抱怨BrooklandsSecurities（一家赎买了自身财产的经纪人的投资者发现金融服务补偿计划可以给9000名该高压销售公司的顾客3亿英镑补偿，而这家公司已于去年夏天。这笔补偿远比任何一笔单个公司提供的FSCS补偿都要高。替换表达：overshadoweclipseoutshine/put…inthewiththisinwith in 短语以…为目标(或理由、基础);考虑 Ifyousomethingwithaparticularthingin mind,youtwiththatthingasyouraimoras thereasonorbasisforyouraction.【搭配模式】：PHRafterThesefamiliesneedsupport.Withthisin agroupof35metlastweekend.这些家庭需要帮助。为此35位组成的小组上周末会面进行Withthisinmind,theOakRidge NationalLaboratoryinTennesseeplannedtohostaweekly“SouthernAccent Reduction”class,invitingprospectiveparticipantsto“berememberedfor whatyousay,nothowyousayit”.（ 替换表达：consideringtheprimecandidatebeaprimecandidate/(forsth)tobetheorthingthatTheschoolisaprimecandidateforclosureOldpeopleareaprimeforthieves adjective mainormostimportantThisisaprime exampleof1930s architecture.2030theprimeinamurderinvestigation谋杀案中的主要嫌疑aprimesourceofevidence的主要来Theisaprime(=likely)fortheassassin'sAtitsmostfar-reaching,lifethatevolvedinthelake fromthesimpleanismsthatdrainedintoitmillionsofyearsagwemightfindinthewaterydepthspredictedtoliebeneaththe icycrustofEuropa,oneofJupiter'smoonsandtheprimecandidateforfindinglifeonanotherworld.（ 湖中营养的简单有机物进化而来，这让明白：可能在位于“欧洲”冰面地壳的水中找到什么。这 hot点评：没有hotpicktheprimecandidateamajorUK nounsomethingthatblocksyousothatmovement,goingforward arepreventedormademoredifficult；阻碍；妨碍Thebiggestobstacleinourwaywasatreetrunkin theroad.路上最大的是横在的一棵树。Thisdecisionhasremovedthelastobstacle thehostages'这个决定清除了的最后ButevensomeveteranobservershopetheIRA'sunexpected offeronMay6thtoopenarmsdumpstoforeigninspectorshasremoved lastmajorobstacletoprogress. 替换表达：themainstumblingblocktosththemainimpediment(to amajor main，点评：obstruction通常指指对生意、法律或的阻挠，妨碍，例如：MrGuestrefusedtolettheminandnowfacesacriminalchargeofobstruction.格斯特先生因为将他们拒外，现在妨碍公务的刑事指控。Obstruction用在， Overthepastcenturyorsotherehasbeenanenormousimprovementinlivingstandardsacrosstheglobe.However,worldwidepollutiontodayismoreseriousthanithaseverbeenofdamagedonetoournaturalsurroundings（3.周围的自然环境environmentalenvironmentalADJ形容 的Environmentalmeansconcernedwith theprotectionofthenaturalworldofland,sea,air,plants,andanimals.【搭配模式】：ADJ...economicandenvironmentallegislation.经济和生态环境保...theenvironmentalclaimsbeingmadeforsomeproducts...要求一些产Environmentalgroupsplantostagepublicsduring conference.环境保护组织计划在会议期间组织公众活动。2.N-COUNT可数名词Agroupisasetofpeoplewhohavethesameinterestsoraims,andwhoanizethemselvestoworkoracttogether.【搭配模式】：ususupp...theMinorityRightsGroup..Membersofanenvironmentalgroup arestagingainsideachemicalplant.一个环保组织的成员正在一家化工厂里举行活动。TheCommonwealthBank’s climatepolicystatementhas criticisedbyenvironmental groupsandsparkedonegrouptolodgeashareholderresolutiontoforce thecompanytoimplementitsstatedcommitmenttotheParisagreement.（ 替换表达：green protection这一说法不常见，environmentprotectionanization应该改为environmentalgroups/ nounafeelingofunhappinessanddisappointmentAidworkersweresaidtohavebeenfilledwithdismaybytheappallingconditionsthattherefugeeswerelivingin.据说看到难民所处的恶Thesupporterswatchedin/withdismayastheirteamlost6-0.球队的支持者们郁闷地自己的球队以０比６的比分输掉了比赛。Shediscovered,toherdismay,thatherexamwasawholemonthearlierthanshe'dexpectedUnbidden,manyexpressdismay athisinflammatoryquestioningoftheNaziHolocaust,citingthisasan exampleofanticsth hievenothingforIran.（ 出乎意料的是，许多对其 人心的纳粹质疑感到失望，把它作为一个反面例子——一场于伊朗毫无意义的闹剧。替换表达：anxietynatural注意在表示“n-环境”时，surroundingsUK['nætʃ.ər.əl] US[-ɚ-] NOTARTIFICIAL为的asfoundinnatureandnotinvolvinganythingmadeor donebypeople天然的，为的；造的anaturalsubstancePeoplesaythatbreast-feedingisbetterthan bottle-feedingbecauseit'smorenatural.人们认为 Hediedfromnaturalcauses (=becausehe wasoldorill).他是自然Floodsandearthquakesarenaturaldisasters.洪水和是自然describesanabilityorcharacteristicthatyouwereborn with（能 beautyanaturaltalentforsportsShe'sanaturalblonde(=Herhairisnot artificiallymadealighterdescribesfoodordrinkwhichispureandhasnochemical addedtoitandisthereforethoughttobehealthy（食物或饮品）天然的， mineralwater ingredientssurroundings1.N-PLURAL复数名词环境Whenyouaredescribingtheplacewhereyouareatthemoment,ortheplacewhereyoulive,youcanrefertoitasyoursurroundings.【搭配模式】：oftpossSchumacheradaptedeffortlesslytohisnewsurroundings.舒马赫非常轻松...acefulholidayhomeinbeautifulsurroundings.环境优美宁静的度假Eachoneofthosefailedcommitments–likeprotectingthe greenbelt,protectingbiodiversity,establishingecologicallycoherent conservationzonesorsupportingenvironment-friendlyfarming– thebenefitsprovidedbyournatural surroundingsjustalittlemore.（ 和建立绿色耕作模式，都将更进一步损害自然给予的好处。替换表达：thenatural 没有environmentsurroundings的说法，应该改为natural our naturaladjacent We住在毗连的房间里。adjacent natural Q：dismayatthelevelofat应该理解为与dismaythelevelof搭配？为什么不用别的介词on之类的？A：at是跟前面的dismay搭配的，dismayatsomething是一个固定说法，例如 ministersexpresseddismayatthe practiceofethniccleansing.部长们表达了对持续进行的的忧虑。Q：damagedoneto是一个什么样的用法呢这里用doneA：这里相当于expressdismayatthelevelofdamage(whichis) donetoournaturalsurroundings，donetoournatural surroundings这一部分是后置However,worldwidepollutiontodayismoreseriousthanit haseverbeenandenvironmentalgroupscontinuetoexpressdismayatthe levelofdamagedonetoournaturalsurroundings.[分析]本句是一个由and连接的并列句，前一分句的主干是worldwidepollutiontodayismoreseriousthan是environmentalgroupscontinuetoexpressdismayat词短语作状语，其中donetoournaturalsurroundings修饰damage。Inrecentyearsenvironmentalgroupshaveraisedconcernsovertheincreaseinfood 里程）.Theyarguethatifaboxofapplesissourced（2.产自……）fromlocalproducersratherthanflownin（3.从……空运过来）fromtheothersideoftheworld,thenclearlylessdamagebedonetothefoodpluralthedistancebetweentheplacewherefoodisgrownormadeandtheplacewhereitiseaten食物里程（食品从种植地或生产地，到被食用的地方间Thelackofcommentontheimpactthattensofthousandsof haveontheenvironment willraisetheireofothers. 对于 食物里程对环境带来的影响甚少谈及，这将导致其他人感到 / ofourfood点评：“食物里程”应该采用通用说法length 点评：表达确，这里应该改为issourcedVERB动词 寻找(产品或原料的)货源Inbusiness,if rsonorfirmsourcesaproductoraraw material,theyfindsomeonewhowillsupplyit.【语法信息】：V【语法信息】：V-【语法信息】：AlsoVfrom【FIELD】：BUS