人教版八年级下册英语Unit8-10单元现在完成时讲解和练习题(无答案)

人教版八年级下英语unit8.9.10单元现在完成时讲解和练习现在完成时（I）第八单元语法知识定义：（1）表示过去发生或已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,这个影响和结果对现在还必须存在.常与already（已经）,yet（已经，还）,just（刚^U）,ever（曾经）,never等词连用already:常用于肯定句或疑问句（均表示：已经）.yet:常用于否定句（表示：还、尚）,疑问句末尾（表示：已经）.现在完成时的构成及句型结构：（注：过去分词的变化分规则变化与不规则变化，规则变化与动词原形变过去式一样，不规则变化见教材1•肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他+时间.2•否定句：主语+haven'thasn't+过去分词+其他+时间.3•—般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+haven't/hasn't.4•特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？定义：（2）表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。(3)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时属于现在时态的范围，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastnight,threeweeksago,in2019等.一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用.例题：1.you(clean)theroom?Yes,we(do)thatalready.Whenyou(do)it?We(do)itanhourago.he(see)thisfilmyet?Yes,Whenhe(see)it?Heitlastweek.I(read)thenoveltwice.It'sinteresting.Mr.Chen(give)upsmokinglastyear.7.She(go)toPairs,hasn'tshe?---Yes,Howshe(go)there?She(go)therebyair.现在完成时(II)第九单元语法知识构成：含有be动词的现在完成时的谓语部分由“have/has+been+to+地点”构成，表示：曾经去过某地…(been是be的过去分词，不规则变化)基本句型：⑴肯定句：主语+have/has+been+to+地点.(2)否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+been+to+地点.⑶一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+to+地点？肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：主语+haven't/hasn't.(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been?

eg:Wherehaveyoubeen?3.用法：用来表示之前已经发生和完成度的动作与状态，其结果却和现在有联系.动作和结果发生在过去，但它的影响现在还在.可以和never,ever,once,twice,three/four・・・times等副词连用.eg:TheyhavebeentoChongqingtwice.IhaveneverbeentoSichuan.HassheeverbeentoHainan?3.区别：(1).have/hasbeento+地点表示：曾经去过某地，已经回来了(2).have/hasgoneto+地点表示：去了某地，还没有回来eg:ShehasbeentoShanghai.(她去过上海，已经回来了)ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她去了上海，还没有回来)(3).havebeenin表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用eg:IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.我到上海已有三年了。HehasbeeninLondonforhalfamonth.他来伦敦已有半个月了。(4).havebeenon表示“已经开始了多久表示持续性”eg:Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已经开始了10分钟了。例题：—Whereisyourbrother?—Hetheshop.He'llbebacksoon.—youevertoAmerica?—Yes,INewYorktwice.—DavidAustralia.—I'msurehehasalreadyarrived.—IsBennyhere?—No,hetheschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.Mikeandhisparentsthesouthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.shetheshop.Youcan'tfindhim.HeXi'an.Mr.Zhangthisschoolfortenyears.Heknowseveryonehere.Miss.BrownChinathreetimes.ItheWestlake,Look,Ihavetakenmanyphotosofit.TomJim'shome,buthehasn'tcomeback.Wethebookshopandboughtmanybooks.MyparentsShandongfortenyears.Ialready(see)thefilm.I(see)itlastweek.he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.Myfatherjust(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.Where'sLiMing?He(go)totheteacher'soffice.I(work)heresinceI(move)herein

2019.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.21.I__just___(finish)myhomework.re22.He(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.23.you(find)yoursciencebookyet?24.Mylittlebrother(collect)shellsfortwoyears.25.______Ben___(read)thebook?Yes,hehas.He___itlastyear.26.Julia(visit)thenaturemuseumtwice.27.-27.-Anna,you(see)China'sGotTalent（中国达人秀）？-Ofcourse.Iitlastweekend.I(buy)anewMP4already.Iityesterday.Howyou(come)toschoolthismorning?he(hear)ofthestorybefore?-Yes,he.Heitlastmonth.现在完成时（III）第十单元语法知识动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。1.延续性动词：表示能够延续的动作，也可以表示经验与经历.eg:learn,work,stand,lie,walk,sleep,keep,wait,watch,sing,read,stay,live..・延续性动词可以与for和since引导的时间状语连用：eg:Hehaslivedherefor6years.（他在这儿住了六年了，一直住在这儿，live是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住下去）Ihaveknownhersincethen（.自从那时起我就认识她了，一直都认识，know是延续性动词）非延续性动词：也成终止性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束.eg:open,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy,die…非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的时间状语连用，常用的时间状语有twoyearsago,at5o'clock,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,thismorning等表示过去的时间.eg:Hisgrandmotherdied10yearsago.Shefinishedtheworkat6o'clock.2.非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换（常用）（1）.转化为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时态eg:borrowfkeepbuyfhaveputonfweargettoknowfknowgettosleepfsleepcatchacoldfhaveacold(2)•转化为“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”begin/startfbeongooutfbeoutdiefbedeadpenfbeopengetto/arrivein(at)/reachfbein+地点leavefbeaway(from)finishfbeoverfallillfbeillgetupfbeupfallasleepfbeasleepjoinfbein+活动/组织gotoschoolfbeinschoolbecomefbemakefriendsfbefriendsclosefbeclosedgotobedfbeinbedcome/gofbe+相应的介词短语例：下面是句子的同义句转换将原句一般过去时改成现在完成时eg:1.Theoldmandiedfouryearsago.（一般过去时）Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfouryears.（现在完成时，将die变为bedead）Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefouryearsago.（现在完成时，since跟过去的时间点）Iborrowedthebookfivedaysago.Ihavekeptthebookforfivedays.Ihavekeptthebooksincefivedaysago.Heboughtthebikethreeyearsago.Hehashadthebikeforthreeyears.Hehashadthebikesincethreeyearsago.Shewenttoschooltwodaysago.---Shehasbeeninschoolfortwodays.Shehasbeeninschoolsincetwodaysago.Mysisterbecameanurseoneyearago.Mysisterhasbeenanurseforoneyear.Mysisterhasbeenanursesinceoneyear.例题：1.LiLeijoinedthePartythreeyearsago.（同义句）LiLeithePartythreeyears.LiLeithePartythreeyearsago.MyfatherleftGuizhoulastweek.（同义句）MyfatherGuizhouaweek.MyfatherGuizhoulastweek.Thefactoryopenedin2018.（同义句）Thefactorytenyears.Thefactorysince2018.M