考研考博-英语-四川护理职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川护理职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thereisno（

）tothehousefromthemainroad.

问题1选项

A.access

B.avenue

C.exposure

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。access通道；avenue林荫大道；exposure暴露；edge边缘。

句意：从大路没有通道通往这个房子。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalway,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablethingdependingtoalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolortoothercolorsseensimultaneously.Itisnotfixedinitsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhichcreatesit.Ontheotherhand,thepropertiesofsurfacesthatgiverisetocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolors,usually(butnotalways)lookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier.

Whentheeyeisfixedonacoloredarea,thereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthesensitivityoftheeyetocolorinandaroundtheareaviewed.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotimmediatelyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthegazeisshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchouten,itappearsthat,atleastforafirstapproximation,fulladaptationtakesplaceoveraverybrieftimeiftheadaptingsourceismoderately,brightandtheeyehasbeeninrelativedarknessjustpreviously.Asthestimulusisallowedtoact,however,theeffectbecomesmorepersistentinthesensethatittakestheeyelongertoregainitssensitivitytolowerintensities.Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond.Theeffectnotonlyispresentoverthemutualareacausingthe“localadaptation”butalsospreadswithdecreasingstrengthtoadjoiningareasoftheeyetoproduce“lateraladaptation”.Also,becauseofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanother,allofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolors,theadaptationwilltendtobecomeuniformoverthewholeeye.

1.Thisselectionisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Whetheracoloredobjectwould,ontwoviewingsseparatedintime,appeartotheviewerassimilarordifferentincolorwoulddependmostlyon（）.

3.Ifaperson'seyehasbeenlookingatanobjectinbrightsunlightforsometime,andthenshiftstoanobjectnotwelllit,wecanexpect（）.

4.Theword"superimpose"(Line12,Paragraph2)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Thepresentselectionhasapparentlybeenprecededbysomeexplanationof（）.

问题1选项

A.theeye’sadaptationtocolor

B.thepropertiesofcoloredsurfaces

C.thecolorofcolors

D.theeffectofchangesincolorintensity

问题2选项

A.thecolormechanismoftheeyeinuseatthetimeofeachviewing

B.whethertheobjectwasseeninartificialornaturallight

C.whatkindofviewinghadimmediatelyprecededeachoftheviewings

D.theindividual'spoweroflateraladaptation

问题3选项

A.atimelaginthefocusingabilityoftheeye

B.theimmediatelossofthe"afterimage"ofthefirstobject

C.someinabilitytoseecolorsofthelatter-namedobjectsuntillossofsensitivityhasbeenregained

D.theadaptationinthecentralareaoftheeyebutlittleadaptationinthelateralareastothenewintensitylevel

问题4选项

A.putsomethingover

B.forcesomethingtoappear

C.levysomethingupon

D.makesomethingavailable

问题5选项

A.someexperimentwithcolorpigments

B.thenatureofcolor

C.thecolorpropertiesofvarioussurfaces

D.themechanismoftheeye'sadaptationtocolor

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段提出:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(这两种效果在很大程度上都是由于前面提到的颜色适应机制)，后面接着论述了眼睛对颜色的适应。由此可知A项“眼睛对颜色的适应”正确。

第2题:判断推理题。根据题干定位至第二段:Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation(观看时间越长，强度越高，面积越大，在接下来的观察中存留的影响就越大)。由此可知答案为C项“快速转移视线前所见景物”.

第3题:判断推理题。根据题干定位到第二段第六句:Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最终的结果是，如果眼睛盯着某种颜色看，然后转移到较低强度的区域，由第一区域产生的灵敏度损失将仍然存在，并将会作为后像出现而叠加到第二个区域中)。由此可知C选项“直到失去的敏感度恢复了，才能看到后一个物体一些原本看不到的颜色”正确。

第4题:词义题。可参考第二段第六句:Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最终的结果是，如果眼睛盯着某种颜色看，然后转移到较低强度的区域，由第一区域产生的灵敏度损失将仍然存在，并将会作为后像出现而…到第二个区域中)。由此可知，superimposed指“叠加的”。因此A项“把某物放在上面”正确。

第5题:判断推理题。根据题干定位至第一段最后一句:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(这两种效应似乎和之前提到的颜色适应机制有很大关系)。由此可知D项“眼睛适应颜色的机制”正确。

3.单选题

Amongthemanysubjectsinschool,mathematicsisprobablythemost（）one,dependingleastonastudent’sbackgroundandculture.

问题1选项

A.universal

B.abstract

C.arbitrary

D.concrete

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在学校的许多科目中，数学可能是最全球化的一门，因为它丝毫不会取决于学生的文化背景。

考查形容词辨析。universal普遍的，通用的，全世界的；abstract抽象的，纯理论的;arbitrary任意的，武断的，专制的;concrete实在的,具体的。根据后面句意“因为它丝毫不会取决于学生的文化背景”可知这里应该指数学可能是最全球化的一门学科。

4.单选题

Thepolicearrestedthewrongmanmainlybecausethey（）thenamestheyhadbeengivenbythewitness.

问题1选项

A.perplexed

B.bewildered

C.confused

D.puzzled

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A、B、D的宾语都是人，所以均不符合题意。confusethenames“把名字弄混”。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

ManufacturingisChina’smostimportanteconomicactivity,（）over30percentoftheworkforce.

问题1选项

A.including

B.engaging

C.approximating

D.accounting

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辦析。四个选项的意思分别是:including包含，包括；engaging聘用，雇用；approximating近似，接近；accounting记述，报告。句意:制造业是中国最重要的经济活动，雇佣了超过30%的劳动力。本题考查的是分词短语作状语，根据句意可推出正确答案是B。

6.翻译题

众所周知，技术革新的速度越来越快。未来社会的变革将超过以往任何时候。作为一个物种，我们人类能否在我们自己发动的这种变革中幸存下来呢？有大量的证据表明我们能。我们人类有巨大的潜能，我们才刚刚开始开发利用。例如，我们才刚刚开始控制环境。将来有一天，技术将使所有的沙漠鲜花盛开。这的确不难。要做到这一点，我们只需要降低海水淡化的成本。接下来的问题是，沙漠变成绿洲后，它们能为我们不断增加的人口提供充足的粮食吗？很可能。最近，我们已经开始发现集约式沙漠农业是可能的。我们已经拥有的技术能将产量提高10倍，用水量减少到从前的1/20。我们知道如何创造农业奇迹。我们需要时间和金钱以便使这项技术为人人所用。

在19世纪,人们信仰进步。他们相信科学将带领他们进入一个无限繁荣无限幸福的新时代。然而，事情并没有如他们所想象的那样发展。两次灾难性的世界大战使人们确信了这一点。但是，我们在失望时，在担心科学是一头将来某一天会毁灭我们的巨兽时，却忘记了科学并不是巨兽,我们自己才是巨兽。科学只是一个仆人，像火一样，如果使用得当，它将是个好仆人。

尽管现代世界存在着种种问题,大多数人都不会愿意生活在我们之前的任何一个科学欠发达的时代。如果我们不在战争中毁灭白己，未来只会更好。我们每年都将取得令人目不暇接的科学进步：疾病得到根治，太空被征服，运输和通讯取得根本性的变革，农业和工业得到彻底改造等等。对一些人来说，未来听起来令人兴奋；而对另一些人来说,则令人恐怖。但有一点是肯定的：未来不会让人感到乏味。

【答案】Asweallknow,technologicalinnovationisgettingfasterandfaster.Therewillbemoresocialchangesinthefuturethaneverbefore.Asaspecies,canhumanssurviveinthetransformationwehavemade?Alotofevidenceshowthatwecando.Humanshavegreatpotential,butwearejustbeginningtoexploitthem.Forexample,wearejustbeginningtocontroltheenvironment.Someday,technologywillmakeallthedesertflowersbloom.It’snothard.Toachievethis,weonlyneedtoreducethecostofdesalination.Thenextquestioniswhethertheycanprovideenoughfoodforourgrowingpopulationwhendesertsbecomeoases.Probablyrecently,wehavebeguntodiscoverthatintensivedesertwherefarmingisfeasible.Wealreadyhavetechnologythatcanincreaseyieldstenfoldandreducewaterusebyone-twentiethofwhatitwasbefore.Weknowhowtocreateanagriculturalmiracle.Weneedtimeandmoneytomakethistechnologyavailabletoeveryone.

Inthe19thcentury,peoplebelievedinprogress.Theybelievedthatsciencewouldleadthemintoaneweraofinfinitehappiness.However,thingsdidn’tgoasfarastheythought.Twodisastrousworldwarsconvincedpeopleofthis.Butwhenwearedisappointed,andwhenweworrythatscienceisamonsterthatwilldestroyusoneday,weforgetthatscienceisnotamonsterbutweare.Scienceisonlyaservant,likefire,andifusedproperly,itwillbeagoodservant.

Despitetheproblemsofthemodernworld,mostpeopledonotwanttoliveinanyoftheunderdevelopedtimesbeforeus.Ifwedonotdestroyourselvesinthewar,thefuturewillbebetter.Everyyearwewillmakegreaterprogress,likecontinualscientificadvance,cureddiseases,andconqueredspace,naturalchangesintransportandcommunicationsandradicalchangesinagricultureandindustryandsoon.Forsome,thefuturesoundsexciting,whileforothersit’sscary.Butonethingcanbesure:thefuturewillnotbeboring.

7.单选题

Theexaminationquestiontotallyperplexedher.

问题1选项

A.fascinated

B.confused

C.enlightened

D.saddened

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项fascinated“着迷的；被深深吸引的”；B选项confused“困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的”；C选项enlightened“开明的；文明的；有知识的；觉悟的”；D选项saddened“难过的；悲伤的”。句意：考题把她完全难住了。结合此处关键词question（问题），得知B选项正确。

8.单选题

Ifyou（）thebottleandcigarettes,you’llbemuchhealthier.

问题1选项

A.takeoff

B.keepoff

C.getoff

D.setoff

【答案】B

【解析】短语辨析。句意：如果你酒瓶和烟，你会更健康。takeoff脱掉，起飞；keepoff挡住，禁食，不接近；getoff下车；setoff出发，（使）开始。因此，B项keepoff符合句意，在此表示“远离，戒掉，不接近”。

9.单选题

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,"wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago."Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline(肾上激素)arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause"thecarmightbreakdown."Growingupinsuchahome,Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,“ourparticularcreature”refersto（

）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan

（

）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen

（

）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat

（

）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（

）.

问题1选项

A.fearofsomething

B.publicridicule

C.physicalpain

D.afiercebeast

问题2选项

A.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

B.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves

C.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

D.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream.

问题3选项

A.onecannotstandthedanger

B.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

C.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

D.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis

问题4选项

A.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise

B.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise

C.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger

D.people’sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

问题5选项

A.parents’lifestyle

B.earlyexperiences

C.schooleducation

D.homeeducation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义题。文章第一段的首句Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.（在生命的各个阶段，恐惧对每个人来说都几乎是一个问题）是本段的主题句，紧接着HoraceWalpole对所恐惧的东西进行具体的举例，如黑暗、身体疼痛、公开嘲笑、贫困、孤独，破折号后是对恐惧的这些东西的一个总的概括，由本段的主题fear及“forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace（对我们所有人来说，这些特殊的东西藏在一个隐蔽的地方）”可知A选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词usefulemotion定位到文章第二段，由Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.（同样，当危险是心理而不是身体时，恐惧会迫使你采取自我保护措施）可知B选项“帮助我们快速应对危险，保护自己”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词aproblem定位到文章第二段Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.（只有当恐惧与眼前的危险不成比例时，它才会成为一个问题）可知D选项“危险比实际情况更大”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据题干关键词newborn定位到文章第三段，本段的主题句为Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.（有些人比其他人更容易受到恐惧的伤害）。由Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.（从出生起，他或她更容易学会恐惧的反应，因为他或她遗传了一种更敏感的倾向）可知有些人生下来就更容易受到恐惧的影响，举例是为了表明本段的主题句，因此C选项“有些人天生就更容易受到危险的影响”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词psychologists定位到文章第四段，由psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears（心理学家确信我们早期的经历和关系很大程度地塑造和决定了我们日后的恐惧）可知B选项“早期的经历”符合题意。

10.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.

B.Sheisunderpressure.

C.Shedoesn’tliketheweather.

D.Sheisfeelingrelieved.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Areyouhavinganyproblemslikeweakness,fatigue,orheadaches?

W:Well,Icertainlyfeltundertheweather.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用习语。女士说Icertainlyfeltundertheweather，即她觉得身体不适。

11.不定项选择题

WouldyoustopbuyingApple’sproductsifitdecidedtohelptheFBIopenaterroristsiPhone?Ithoughtnot.

WhichistosaythatAppleCEOTimCook,inhisrefusaltohelptheFBIbreakintoiphones,isaheadofmostofthepopulation.Butmaybenotallthatfarahead.Hisverypublicstancemighteventurnouttobethesmartestthinghe’sdoneforApplesincebecomingCEO.

Weallgiveourprivacyawayeveryday,constantly,toapanoplyofentities.IactuallysnortedalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition.FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit.Remember,theirproductsarefree;theircorebusinessissellingthedetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

Atthemoment,whenmostconsumerssaythey’reconcernedaboutprivacy,they’rekiddingthemselves.ArecentsurveybyTRUSTeandtheNationalCyberSecurityAlliancefoundthat92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy.

Inotherwords,ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions.

Andencroachmentsonourprivacyareonlygoingtogetworse.WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecanstitchtogetherdifferentkindsofdatatopaintaridiculouslyaccuratepictureofanindividual.

Inmanyways,wewelcomethis—thebettertechnologyknowsus,thebetteritcanserveus.Butatwhatpointdoestheexploitationofourdetailsturnfromconvenienceintoinvasion?Anddon’twewantcontrolofthatknobtounderstandanddecidewhatwe’reagreeingtoshare?

Cookismakingusthinkaboutallthatnow.Domostpeoplecaremuchaboutthisonecase,thisonephone?Notlikely.Butthisfightismakingusrealizethatweneedtomakesomedecisions,individuallyandasasociety,aboutdigitalprivacybeforeitgetsawayfromus.AcynicmightsayApplecanaffordtotakethisstandbecauseitdoesn’trelyonsellingadvertisingasabusinessmodel.Buteverycompanyshouldtakethepublic’sinterestinApple’sdecisiontoheart.Privacyisrisingtoanewlevelofawareness.

Apple,sooftenontheforefront,seemstoknowthis.TheFBIsaidCook’sstandisamarketingploy.InCook’slettertocustomers,hesnorted,“Absolutelynot.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.”Headded,“Thisisandalwayshasbeenaboutourcustomers.Wefeelstronglythatifweweretodowhatthegovernmenthasaskedofus-tocreateabackdoortoourproducts—notonlyisitunlawfulbutitputsthevastmajorityofgoodandlaw—abidingcitizens,whorelyoniphonetoprotecttheirmostpersonalandimportantdata,atrisk.”

So,really,Cooks’positionmaynotbeaploy.Itcouldturnouttobebrilliantmarketing.

1.WhydidtheauthorsnortalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition?

2.Whatdoestheword“encroachment”inparagraph6mean?

3.ThefollowingdevicesarecreatingmoredataaboutourlivesinamoredetailedandintimatewayEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.Becausetheydidn’tagreewithCookfromthebottomoftheirhearts.

B.Becausetheypossessedmoreinformationaboutusthananyothercommercialentities.

C.BecausetheymadebillionsofdollarsbysupportingApple.

D.Becausetheydidn’tcareabouttheirclientsprivacyatall.

问题2选项

A.protection

B.violation

C.promotion

D.exploitation

问题3选项

A.Truste

B.InternetofThingssensors

C.WearableslikeFitbits

D.SmarthomedeviceslikeNest

问题4选项

A.Cook’srefusalisregardedasameretacticbythegeneralpublic.

B.Allcompaniesthatprovidefreeproductsaresellingdetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

C.Mostpeoplesaytheyareconcernedabouttheirprivacybutactuallytheyfailtopaymuchattentiontoit.

D.EverycompanyshouldlearnfromApples’businessmodels.

问题5选项

A.Awarenessofprivacyprotectionshouldbepromoted

B.WhetherCook’srefusalisjustaploy

C.ThebattlebetweenFBIandApple

D.HowTimCookaimstoprofitfromprotectingprivacy

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由上文可知，库克拒绝泄露用户隐私，那么为什么当Facebook和谷歌宣布支持库克的立场时，作者嗤之以鼻呢？答案在第三段第三句FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit（Facebook和谷歌比任何其他商业实体拥有更多关于我们的数据，并从中赚取了数十亿美元），由此句可知，Facebook和谷歌通过用户隐私盈利，可见他们并没有那么尊重用户隐私，因此D选项“因为他们根本不关心客户的隐私”正确。

第2题:语义推测题。根据下文可知，可穿戴设备、智能家居物联网传感器正在创造更多关于我们生活的更详细、更亲密的方面的数据。人工智能软件可以将不同种类的数据拼接在一起，绘制出一个极为精确的个体形象，由此可以推测出，我们的数据进一步被泄露了，因此B选项“侵害”正确。

第3题:事实细节题。题干为“以下设备除了之外，正在以更详细、更亲密的方式创造更多关于我们生活的数据”，本题可采用排除法。根据第六段第二句中的WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives（Fitbit等可穿戴设备、Nest等智能家居设备、联网汽车和物联网传感器都在创造越来越多的数据，这些数据涉及我们生活中更详细、更亲密的方面）可排除B、C、D选项，因此A选项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。根据第四段第二句中的92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy（92%的上网受访者说他们担心网上隐私，但89%的人不会回避他们认为不尊重自己隐私的业务）和第五段ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions（我们对这些事情的焦虑与我们的行为完全无关）可推断出，虽然人们嘴上说着很注重隐私，但是他们的实际行动却不是这样的，因此C选项“大多数人说他们关心隐私，但实际上他们并没有足够重视这一点”符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章由库克拒绝向FBI泄露隐私为开头，讲述了不同公司和个人对数据隐私保护的态度和具体做法，因此A选项“提高隐私保护意识”符合题意。B、C选项过于片面，D选项不符合文意，均可排除。

12.单选题

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessestheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1960s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patients’rightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionhashadsomedefinitepositiveeffect,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

21.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpeoplewhoarepatientsinstateinstitutionscanbestbedescribedas______.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,iftheCivilRightsmovementhadn’tpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,______.

24.Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas______.

25.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof______.

问题1选项

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformen