考研考博-英语-台州职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-台州职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thepoliticaldissidentsdecidedtotake（）abroad.

问题1选项

A.escape

B.refuge

C.life

D.hiding

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。escape逃脱；refuge避难；life生活；hiding躲藏，隐匿。句意：持不同政见者决定去国外。takerefuge为固定搭配，意为“避难，（以掩饰等手段）逃脱困境”，因此正确答案是B选项。

2.单选题

Thereisnodoubt______thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.

问题1选项

A.why

B.that

C.whether

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位语从句。doubt后面的that为同位语从句的引导词，修饰doubt。doubt引导的主从复合句中，用否定式时后面的引导词只能是that。相反如果doubt引导肯定意义的主从复合句中，引导词要用whether。句意：毫无疑问，公司对销售项目的决定是正确的。

3.单选题

Thesupplyofapplesexceedsthe（）thisyear.

问题1选项

A.request

B.claim

C.requirement

D.demand

【答案】D

【解析】句意：今年的苹果供不应求。supply供给对应demand需求。选项D更符合。

4.单选题

TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.

问题1选项

A.arisenfrom

B.contributedto

C.patchedup

D.participatedin

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。句意:美国内战是（

）人们对奴隶制是否废除持不同的态度。

arisefrom产生于，起因于。contributeto有助于，捐献。patchup修补，平息。participatein参加，分担。stemfrom:起源于，来自于。故选A。

5.单选题

His（

）andunwillingnesstolearnfromotherspreventhimfrombeinganeffectivememberoftheteam.

问题1选项

A.arrogance

B.dignity

C.humility

D.solitude

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。arrogance“自负；傲慢态度”；dignity“尊严；高贵”；humility“谦卑；谦逊”；solitude“孤独；隐居；荒僻的地方”。句意：他很傲慢，并且不愿意向他人学习，这使得他无法成为团队中的一员。选项A符合题意。

6.填空题

SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisthemeans

whichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuch

A

B

C

D

asindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

【答案】Dwhich改为bywhich

【解析】【考查点】从句。

【解题思路】D部分到句子结尾是修饰means的定语从句，means为事物，引导词用which，结合短语bymeans，确定bywhich正确。

【句意】由于竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要来源，具有竞争力的商业机构受到尊重。竞争不仅本身有好处，它还是一种维护其他美国价值观的方式，如个人自由、机会均等、勤奋工作等。

7.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.35million.

B.34million.

C.25million.

D.20million.

问题2选项

A.Author,professoranddreamer

B.Writer,professorandinsomniac.

C.Author,psychologistandinsomniac.

D.Dramatist,psychologistandscientist.

问题3选项

A.Sleepingin8-hourconsolidatedblocks.

B.Sleepingduringdaytime.

C.Goingtobedsoonafterdark.

D.Twoblocksof4-hoursleepwithawakingbreak.

问题4选项

A.Becausetheyhaveunnoticeablesleepingpatterns.

B.Becausetheysleepverylittle.

C.Becausetheyareinsensitive.

D.Becausetheycan’tcomplain.

问题5选项

A.Sleepishighlyvariable,andwearsoutwithage.

B.Fallingasleepisagradualprocess.

C.Sleepinglesswillhelpyouloseweight.

D.Peopleneedtosleepeighthoursaday.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】Ourcultureisobsessedwithsleep,andthelackofit,yetmanyofusdon’tknowsomebasicfacts.(21)Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia,andyetin2006only$20millionwasspentonresearch.(22)Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniacGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insomniac”.Shelearnedalmostallthereistoknowaboutsleepandthelackthereof.Herearefivecommonmythsabouthowwegetourshut-eyeandwhy:

1.HumansNeedEightHoursSleepaNight

Therearemanywaysofsleepingandfewculturessleepineight-hourconsolidatedblockslikewedo.Untiltheindustrialera,manyWesternEuropeansdividedthenightinto“thefirstsleep”andthe“secondsleep.”(23)They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.Infact,there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.

2.SleepIsn’tJustaBodilyFunction

Sleepisabiological,physiologicalsystem,akintothecardiovascularsystem,thenervoussystemandsoon.(25)Likeanyothersystem,itishighlyvariable,anditwearsoutandgetsmorefragilewithage.

3.AnimalsDon’tHaveSleepProblems

Insomniaoccursinanimalsandinsects,too,sortof.Technically,(24)insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.

4.FallingAsleepIsaGradualProcessNope

Instead,formostpeople,itswitchesonandofflikealightswitch.Butforinsomniacsandnarcoleptics,theswitchdoesn’tworkquitewell.Insteadtheyinhabitthespaceinbetweenneverentirelyawake,norentirelyasleep.

5.SleepingLessBurnsMoreCalories

Intheshortterm,yes,butsleepinglessprobablywon’thelpyouloseweight.Lackofsleepsuppressesournaturalappetite-depressants,whilefuelingappetite-increasers,oftenleadingtoweightgain.

21.Accordingtothetalk,approximatelyhowmanyAmericanssufferchronicinsomnia?

【解析】此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia，所以答案为A。

22.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGayleGreen?

【解析】此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniaGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insonmniac”.答案为B。

23.Whichofthefollowingsleepingpatternsmightbethemostintunewithourinherentbiologicalsystem?

【解析】此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.而这里的thissleeppattern指的就是前一句话说的睡觉模式：They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.因而符合这一睡觉模式的是C。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whyisitdifficulttomeasureinsomniainanimals?

【解析】此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.所以答案为D。

25.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowingistrue?

【解析】此题可以用排除法，文章中提出五个常见的对睡眠的错误认识。B、C和D正是其中的三个，因而A为答案。

8.单选题

noticedthatmostofrocksamplesshowedsignsofdamagefromthepoortreatmenttheyhadreceivedinthelaboratory.

问题1选项

A.noticed

B.mostofrocksamples

C.signsofdamagefrom

D.hadreceivedinthe

【答案】B

【解析】冠词误用。rock前加the。由mostof后面跟名词短语时一般需在名词短语前添加定冠词“the”。

9.单选题

Theoldladyhasdevelopeda_______coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.

问题1选项

A.perpetual

B.permanent

C.chronic

D.sustainable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项perpetual“永久的”；B选项permanent“永恒的，持续的，长久的”；C选项chronic“(尤指疾病)长期的，慢性的，难以治愈的”；D选项sustainable“可持续的”。根据cannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime可知这位老太太患的是慢性咳嗽，因此选C。句意：老太太患了慢性咳嗽，短时间内不能完全治愈。

10.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Fewpeoplecanidentifyitstexture.

B.Fewpeoplecandescribeitprecisely.

C.Itsrealvalueisopentointerpretation.

D.Itsimportanceisoftenover-estimated.

问题2选项

A.Ithasneverseenanychange.

B.Ithasmuchtodowithcolor.

C.Itisawell-protectedgovernmentsecret.

D.Itisasubjectofstudybymanyforgers.

问题3选项

A.Peoplehadlittlefaithinpapermoney.

B.Theycouldlastlongerincirculation.

C.Itpredictedtheirvaluewouldincrease.

D.Theyweremoredifficulttocounterfeit.

问题4选项

A.Thestabilizationofthedollarvalue.

B.Theissuingofgovernmentsecurities.

C.AgoldstandardforAmericancurrency.

D.AsteadyappreciationoftheU.S.dollar.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】RecordingThree

VirtuallyeveryAmericancanrecognizeadollarbillatamereglance.Manycanidentifyitbyitssoundortexture.[22]Butfewpeopleindeedcanaccuratelydescribetheworld’smostpowerful,importantcurrency.

TheAmericandollarbilliscoloredwithblackinkononesideandgreenontheother;[23]theexactcompositionofthepaperandinkisacloselyguardedgovernmentsecret.Despiteitsweightyimportance,thedollarbillactuallyweighslittle.Itrequiresnearly500billstotipthescalesatapound.Notonlyisthedollarbilllightweight,butitalsohasabrieflifespan.Fewdollarbillssurvivelongerthan18months.

Theword“dollar”istakenfromtheGermanword“taler”,thenamefortheworld’smostimportantcurrencyinthe16thcentury.Thetalerwasasilvercoinfirstmintedin1580underthereignofCharlesV,EmperorofGermany.

TheconceptofpapermoneyisarelativelyrecentinnovationinthehistoryofAmericancurrency.WhentheConstitutionwassigned,[24]peoplehadlittleregardforpapermoneybecauseofitssteadilydecreasingvalueduringthecolonialera.Becauseofthislackoffaith,thenewAmericangovernmentmintedonlycoinsforcommoncurrency.Interest-bearingbanknoteswereissuedatthesametime,buttheirpurposewaslimitedtoprovidingmoneyforurgentgovernmentcrisessuchasAmericaninvolvementintheWarof1812.Thefirstnon-interestbearingpapercurrencywasauthorizedbyCongressin1862attheheightoftheCivilWar.Atthispoint,citizens’oldfearsofdevaluedpapercurrencyhadcalmed,andthedollarbillwasborn.Thenewgreen-coloredpapermoneyquicklyearnedthenickname“greenback”.

Today,theAmericandollarbillisaproductoftheFederalReserve,andisissuedfromthetwelveFederalReservebanksaroundtheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentkeepsasteadysupplyofapproximatelytwobillionbillsincirculationatalltimes.

Controversycontinuestosurroundthetruevalueofthedollarbill.[25]AmericanhistoryhasseengenerationsofpoliticiansargueinfavorofagoldstandardforAmericancurrency.However,forthepresent,theAmericandollarbillholdsthevaluethatisprintedonit,andlittlemore.TheonlyotherguaranteeonthebillisaFederalReservepledgeasaconfirmationintheformofgovernmentsecurities.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheAmericandollarbill?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问关于美元纸币，说话人说了什么？说话人说到，很少人能准确地描述（美元纸币）这一世界上最有影响力、最重要的货币。B选项中的describeitprecisely是录音原文中accuratelydescribe的同义替换，因此B选项“很少有人能准确地描述它”正确。A选项“很少有人能辨别它的质地”表述错误，录音中提及很多人能通过美元纸币的声音或质感（texture）辨别美元；C选项“美元的实际价值有待商榷”和D选项“它的重要性经常被高估”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheexactcompositionoftheAmericandollarbill?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于美元纸币具体的物质成分，说话人说了什么？说话人指出，美元纸币纸和墨的成分，是美国政府严格保守的秘密，C选项“这是政府严格保守的秘密”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它从来都没改变过”，录音中并没有讨论美元纸币物质成分的变化，因此可排除；B选项“它和颜色的关联很大”，录音中没有表明美元纸币的物质成分与颜色有关，因此可排除；D选项“它是许多伪造者研究的课题”录音中没有信息提及，因此可排除。

24.WhydidthenewAmericangovernmentmintonlycoinsforcommoncurrency?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问为什么新美国政府只用硬币作为流通的货币？录音提到，美国宪法签署生效的当时，人们并不尊重纸币，由于民众不信任纸币，新政府就只用硬币作为流通的货币，A选项“人们不太相信纸币”符合录音原文，因此正确。B选项“硬币在流通中可以使用得更久”；C选项“新美国政府预测硬币的价值会上涨”和D选项“硬币更难伪造”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

25.WhathavegenerationsofAmericanpoliticiansarguedfor?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问几代美国政客一直以来都在争论什么？录音提到，美国政客几代人以来都在讨论赞不赞成为美国货币设立金本位制。因此C选项“美国货币的金本位制”正确。A选项“美元价值的稳定”和B选项“政府证券的发行”在录音中虽有信息提及，但它们均不是美国政客几代人一直在讨论的问题；D选项“美元的稳定升值”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。

11.单选题

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheirpersonalfeelings.Manyareawarethattheyfeelanxiousbutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhysomepeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingfear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone’sfears?

问题1选项

A.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

B.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

C.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

D.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

问题2选项

A.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor.

B.Tocontrolone’sownfears.

C.Todisguisetheiranxiety.

D.Toattackothers.

问题3选项

A.tobefamiliarwithtension

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

问题4选项

A.Thefearofheights.

B.Earlychildhoodexperience.

C.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

问题5选项

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

C.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

D.Tocontrolone’sfeelings.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.语义题。根据第一段的倒数二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人试图通过讲笑话来掩饰他们的焦虑；另一些人则吵闹和好斗，攻击别人的方法是使人成为被取笑的对象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的对象。选项A符合原文。

2.细节归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”有时让别人成为笑话的对象是为了控制自己的恐惧——控制焦虑。选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知选项C符合原文。

4.细节判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.”可知选项D符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知：在问题得以解决之前，有必要认识它，承认我们害怕是控制恐惧过程中不可分割的一部分。选项C符合原文。

12.单选题

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

“Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsaged3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetimewatchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor:thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis______.

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif______.

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids______.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

问题1选项

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.parentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

问题2选项

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.totallygroundless

D.ratherconfusing

问题3选项

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

问题4选项

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

问题5选项

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren’sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents.（孩子们和他们的父母一样，也受到时间短缺的影响）。C选项“父母和孩子都因缺乏闲暇时间而受苦”，根据文章内容，C选项符合句意，因此C选项正确。A选项“孩子们几乎没有时间和父母一起玩”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“孩子们没有得到工作的父母很好的照顾”，文章没有提到这一点，因此可排除。D选项“父母和孩子都在管理他们的时间上有困难”，不符合题意，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】作者意图题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents.（孩子们的影响同时紧缩（危机），影响他们的父母）。B选项“部分正确”，B选项符合句意。A选项“十分信服”，作者并没有认为她给出的理由是十分信服的。C选项“完全没有事实根据”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“令人困惑的”，不符合题意，可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“他有大量的时间阅读和学习”，文中最后一段所说孩子们每周花在阅读上的时间只有一个多小时，因此A可排除。B选项“他只能以自己的方式和同龄人玩游戏”，这里符合文章倒数第二段内容“自由玩耍鼓励孩子们独立思考，并允许他们与同龄人协商他们的关系”，因此可推测和同龄人玩耍会使孩子发展得更好，因此B选项正确。C选项“他有更多的时间参加学校活动”，参加学校活动，导致儿童的闲暇时间减少，因此不利于儿童发展，C选项可排除。D选项“他可以自由地和他上班的父母交流”，文章所说由于父母上班，导致儿童与父母之间的交流减少，因此D选项可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第二句Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.（她们也做更多的家务，参加更多的有组织的活动，如足球和芭蕾舞。）A选项“areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities”（正在参与越来越多的有组织的活动），符合文章所说的内容，儿童参加越来越多有组织的活动，因此A选项正确。B选项“越来越多的小孩被工作的母亲所忽视”，文章所说，只是两者之间交流时间减少，因此不符合题意，可排除B选项。C选项“花越来越多的时间看电视”，文章最后一段所说“孩子们把他们迅速减少的四分之一的空闲时间花在看电视上”，因此C不符合题意，可排除。D选项“家务活越来越少了”，文章第一段所说“她们也做更多的家务”，因此可排除D选项。因此A选项为正确答案。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。通读全文。A选项“课外活动能提高孩子的智力”，符合文章倒数第二段，课外活动可以提高孩子的智力，因此A选项正确。B选项“大多数孩子会在关掉电视的情况下看书”，文章最后一段所说“如果他们在电视机前花的时间减少了，孩子们也不会用阅读来代替”，B选项可排除。C选项“让孩子们对阅读感兴趣的努力取得了丰硕的成果”，文章最后一段所说“尽管努力让孩子们对书籍更感兴趣，孩子们每周花在阅读上的时间只有一个多小时”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“大多数家长认为读书对孩子有益”，文章没有提到这个内容，因此可排除D。因此A选项为正确答案。

13.单选题

Thephrase“meltingpot”hasbecomeassociatedwiththeAmericansociety,implyingthatmanyracialandethnicgroupshavebeenintegratedintooneculture.Scholarsdisagreeastowhatextentthisassimilationorintegrationhasactuallytakenplace.ManyofthemseetheAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”,wherevariousgroupshaveremaineddistinctandseparatefromeachother,eventhoughtheyworkandliveinthesamesociety.

Thereisnodoubtthatassimilationhastakenplace,especiallyamongthewhitesfromdifferentnationalitiesandreligiousbackgrounds;thedisagreementisonlyabouttowhatextentthisassimilationhasactuallytakenplace.Thescholarsarguethat“meltingplot”isaninaccuratedescriptionoftheAmericansociety.Letaloneothermoredistinctracesandethnicgroups,theypointtotheAmericanJewsasthegroupofwhiteswhohaveretainedtheirseparateness.

ManyscholarsfeelthattheunwillingnessbytheJewishAmericanstoassimilatewiththeAmericansocietycomesmainlyfromcenturiesofpersecutioninEuropeancountries,someofwhichsurvivedandcamealongwithEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.Weakerformsofdiscriminationandanti-JewishfeelingsstillexistamongEuropeandescendents,makingitmoredifficultfortheJewstoassimilateintothemainstreamAmericanculture.Theirownculturalandreligiouspridealsoplaysimportantrolesinmaintainingtheirseparateness.

Whatisinteresting,however,isthatJewishgroups,alongwiththeirseparateness,haveastrongsenseofbelongingtothelargerAmericancultureinwhichtheyhaveachievedsuccessinnearlyeveryfield.Infact,amongthegroupsthathaveretainedtheirnationalorethnicidentities,theJewishgroupsarethemostsuccessful,accordingtoanation-widesurvey.ManyJewsattributethissuccesstotheirseparateness,whichhaspreventedthemfromlosingvaluesthatcontributetotheirsuccess.

1.Whatsentencewouldbestsummarizethispassage?

2.TheEuropeandescendentswhomostlikelydiscriminateagainsttheAmericanJewsare（）

3.ManyscholarsprefertodescribeAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”becauseit（）

4.TheauthorclaimsthatJewishgroupsretainmostoftheirculturalidentityand（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthereasonswhytheJewshaveremainedmostlyseparateis（）

问题1选项

A.Americansocietyiseithera“meltingpot”ora“saladbowl”,dependingonwhoistalkingaboutit.

B.JewishgroupshaveastrongsenseofidentityandrefusetoassimilatewithotherAmericans.

C.ScholarsdisagreeabouttheextenttowhichassimilationofdifferentracesandethnicgroupshastakenplaceinAmericansociety.

D.ThereisstillsomediscriminationandpersecutionofJewsinAmerica.

问题2选项

A.Christians

B.scholars

C.capitalists

D.Catholics

问题3选项

A.showsculturalandreligiousdifferencesofvariousculturalgroups

B.showsthetogethernessandseparatenessofdifferentethnic,national,andracialgroups

C.ismorecolorfulandimaginative

D.ismoreprogressive

问题4选项

A.theirseparatenesspreventsthemfromachievingsuccess

B.othergroupsdislikethemfortheirseparatenessfromthemainstreamAmericanculture

C.alsothinkofthemselvesasbelongingtotheAmericanculture

D.refusetocooperatewithotherculturalgroups

问题5选项

A.seeingnoadvantageinassimilating

B.lackofopportunitytoassimilate

C.thefearoflosingtheiridentity

D.theirprideintheirownculture

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲学者们在美国社会中不同种族和民族的融合问题上存在分歧。所以选项C最能概括全文。

2.判断推理题。根据第三段的第一句“Manyscholarsfeelthat...withEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.”许多学者认为，美国犹太人不愿意融入美国社会，主要