考研考博-英语-呼伦贝尔学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-呼伦贝尔学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen

foritsstreetviolenceanddisorder.

问题1选项

A.notorious

B.famous

C.illegal

D.responsible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Notorious“臭名昭著的”；famous“著名的”；illegal“非法的”；responsible“负责的”。句意：该市那个地区由于街头暴力和无秩序而长时间臭名昭著。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Theorganizationissueacryofalarmlastweekciting“______evidence”thatthosechildrenarenotreceivingthesamequalityofeducationastheirricherpeers.

问题1选项

A.comparing

B.completing

C.compelling

D.composing

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项comparing“比较”；B选项completing“完整”；C选项compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”；D选项composing“组成；创作；起镇静作用的”。句意：该组织在上周发出了警告，称有令人信服的证据表明，这些孩子没有得到与富裕孩子同等的教育。根据语境，C选项compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”搭配evidence“证据”比较合理，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Thesecontinual（

）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

问题1选项

A.transitions

B.transformations

C.exchanges

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项transition“过渡”；B选项transformation“转化；转换；改革；变形”；C选项exchange“交换；交流”；D选项fluctuation“起伏；波动”。句意：温度的持续……使人没法决定穿什么。只有气温上下波动，才让人不好选择穿什么衣服，因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Oneofthefirst（

）ofreducedburninginAmazonrainforestswasthechestnutindustry:smoketendstodriveouttheinsectthat,bypollinatingchestnuttree,allowchestnutstodevelop.

问题1选项

A.reformers

B.casualties

C.critics

D.beneficiaries

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。reformer改革家，改良者；casualty伤亡人员；critics评论家；beneficiaries受益人。句意：在亚马逊雨林中减少焚烧的直接受益者之一是栗子工业：通过给栗树授粉，使栗子发育的昆虫往往会被烟雾赶走。根据冒号后的内容可判断空格处应填一个正面的积极词汇，故D项正确。

5.单选题

Andersonheldouthisarmsto（）theattack,butthesharkgrabbedhisrightforearmanddived.

问题1选项

A.turnoff

B.wardoff

C.triggeroff

D.calloff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项turnoff“关掉”；B选项wardoff“避开、挡住”；C选项triggeroff“引起、激起”；D选项calloff“取消、放弃”，句意为：安德森伸出双臂挡住鲨鱼的攻击，但鲨鱼咬住他的右前臂，潜入水中。wardoff“避开、挡住”符合题意，因此选B。

6.单选题

Thekneeisthejoint（

）thethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.

问题1选项

A.when

B.where

C.why

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。先行词thejoint是从句的地点状语，故用关系副词where引导，表示连接的地方。句意：膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。

7.单选题

Legally,thetermrefersto“anysubstance,with[A]intendeduse,whichresultsormayreasonablyexpectedtoresult—directlyorindirectly—[B]fromitsbecomingacomponentor[C]otherwiseaffectingthecharacteristicsofanyfood”.Thisdefinitionincludesanysubstanceusedintheproduction,processing,[D]treatment,packaging,transportationorstorageoffood.

问题1选项

A.intended

B.from

C.otherwiseaffecting

D.treatment

【答案】D

【解析】考查语义。D选项treatment“处理，待遇”与其前面的processing“加工”在词义上是重复的，应删除。

8.单选题

Thelecturerwanderedfromhistextto（）onapointthathadobviouslycaughthisaudience’sinterest.

问题1选项

A.elaborate

B.interrupt

C.explain

D.emphasize

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项elaborate“详细说明，阐述；详尽计划（常与on连用）”；B选项interrupt“中断；打断；插嘴；妨碍”；C选项explain“说明；解释”；D选项emphasize“强调，着重”。句意：这位演讲者离开他的正文，去详尽阐述明显让他的观众感兴趣的一个观点。结合句意，A选项正确。

9.单选题

Studentsofthegreatsociety,lookingatmankindinthelongperspectiveofhistory,havefrequentlybeendisposedtoseekanexplanationofexistingculturaldifferencesamongracesandpeoplesinsomesingledominatingcauseorcondition.Oneschoolofthoughthasfoundthatexplanationinclimateandinthephysicalenvironment.Anotherschoolhassoughtanexplanationofdivergentculturesintheinnatequalitiesofracesbiologicallyinherited.Thesetwotheorieshavethisincommon,namely,thattheybothconceivecivilizationandsocietytobetheresultofevolutionaryprocesses—processesbywhichmanhasacquirednewinheritabletraits—ratherthanprocessesbywhichnewrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenmen.

Incontrasttobothofthese,thereisthecatastrophictheoryofcivilization.Fromthispointofview,climateandinnateracialtraits,importantastheymayhavebeenintheevolutionofraces,havebeenofonlyminorinfluenceincreatingexistingculturaldifferences.Infact,racesandcultures,sofarfrombeinginanysenseidentical—oreventheproductsofsimilarconditionsandforces—areperhapstobesetoveragainstoneanotherascontrasteffects,theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem.Atanyrate,ifitistruethatracesaretheproductsofisolationandinbreeding,itisjustascertainthatcivilization,ontheotherhand,isaconsequenceofcontactandcommunication.Theforceswhichhavebeendecisiveinthehistoryofmankindarethosewhichhavebroughtmentogetherinfruitfulcompetition,conflict,andcooperation.

Amongthemostimportantoftheseinfluenceshavebeen—accordingtowhatIhavecalledthecatastrophictheoryofprogress—migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned.“Everyadvanceinculture,”saysBucher,inhisIndustrialEvolution,“commences,sotospeak,withanewperiodofwandering,”andinsupportofthisthesishepointsoutthattheearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.“Thegreatfoundersofreligion,theearliestpoetsandphilosophers,themusiciansandactorsofpastepochs，areallgreatwanderers.Eventoday,donottheinventor,thepreacherofanewdoctrine,andthevirtuosotravelfromplacetoplaceinsearchofadherentsandadmirers—notwithstandingtheimmenserecentdevelopmentinthemeansofcommunicatinginformation?”

Theinfluencesonmigrationshavenotbeenlimited,ofcourse,bythechangeswhichtheyhaveeffectedinexistingcultures.Inthelongrun,theyhavedeterminedtheracialcharacteristicsofhistoricalpeoples.“Thewholeteachingofethnology,”asGriffithTaylorremarks,“Showthatpeoplesofmixedracearetheruleandnottheexceptions.”Everynation,uponexamination,turnsouttohavebeenamoreorlesssuccessfulmelting-pot.Tothisconstantsiftingofracesandpeoples,humangeographershavegiventhetitle“thehistoricalmovement,”because,asMissSemplesays,“itunderliesmostwrittenhistoryandconstitutesthemajorpartofunwrittenhistory,especiallythatofsavageandnomadictribes.”

Changesinracedoinevitablyfollowchangesinculture.Themovementsandminglingofpeopleswhichbringrapid,sudden,andoftencatastrophicchangesincustomsandhabitsarefollowed,inthecourseoftime,asaresultofinterbreeding,bycorrespondingmodificationsintemperamentandphysique.Therehasprobablyneverbeenaninstancewhereraceshavelivedtogetherintheintimatecontactswhichacommoneconomyenforcesinwhichracialcontiguityhasnotproducedracialhybrids.However,changesinracialcharacteristicsandinculturaltraitsproceedatverydifferentrates,anditisnotoriousthatculturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically.

1.Whatdoestheauthorbelievetobethegreatestinfluenceoncultureresultingingreaterculturaldiversity?

2.Accordingtothearticle,humancivilizationandcultureflourishedbecauseof（

）.

3.Inthearticle,theauthordefineshisnotionof“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredtobeanexampleofthistheory?

4.Theauthordescribesthefirstformsofindependentoccupationasbeing

（

）.

5.Whathistoricalsignificancedoesthearticleplaceonethnicityandacculturation?

问题1选项

A.Geographicfactors.

B.Biologicaldifferences.

C.Evolution.

D.Cross-culturalcommunication.

问题2选项

A.tradeandtheneedforeconomicprogress

B.religiousindoctrinationofapeople

C.hostilitybetweenraces

D.civilizations’diversephilosophies

问题3选项

A.RomanimperialismandtheassimilationofpeoplesintotheRomanEmpire.

B.Thestudyofastrologyanditsculturalimplications.

C.TheMayanpracticeofritualsacrifice.

D.TheWomen’sLiberationMovementinAmerica.

问题4选项

A.carriedoutforthepurposeoftradeandculturalexchange

B.migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies

C.encouragedbyautocratstoincreaseacivilization’swealth

D.superfluoustoacivilization’sculturalimpact

问题5选项

A.Historicallyethicindependencehasbeennegatedbytheencroachmentofothercultures.

B.Historicallyglobalizationhasdestroyedculturalautonomy.

C.Historicallyculturalisolationhassuccumbedtomultiracialismandmulticulturalism

D.Historicallyacculturationresultedfromtheexpansionofcivilization.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.观点态度题。文章第一段提到了关于种族和民族文化差异的两种理论，一种倾向于气候和物质环境，一种则侧重生物遗传特性，分别对应A和B选项，都不是作者个人观点。在第一段最后提到，这两种理论有共同点：文化和社会是进化过程的产物，也就是evolution。这一点由作者归纳得来，并且在下文中展开讲述，因此C选项符合题意。

第2题:2.事实细节题。人类文化和文明繁荣昌盛的原因出现在第二段“…theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem”，可知文化繁荣以种族差异为代价，是敌对趋势的结果。因此C选项“种族之间的敌对”符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。作者关键词“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”后紧接着以破折号做出了定义“migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned”，作者认为迁移以及附带的冲突、矛盾和融合带来了所谓的thecatastrophictheoryofprogress。分析选项发现A选项“罗马帝国的领土扩张以及人们融入罗马帝国”符合作者的定义。因此A选项是正确选项。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文章第三段提到“...theearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.”最早的贸易形式是移动性的，早期的各种行业也是流动性的，它们将人们从家务中解放出来，并形成独立的职业。B选项“migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies”与这点相符合。因此B选项是正确选项。

第5题:5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲迁移对种族的影响和文化变迁。最后一段提到“culturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically”，文化的变化并没有得到巩固和生物上的传播。C选项“历史文化孤立已经屈服于多种族主义和多元文化主义”与其相符合。A、B和D选项文中未提及。因此C选项符合题意。

10.翻译题

Themostintensiveformsofrurallanduseforagriculturalpurposesarethoseconcernedwithharvestablecropsorwiththeproductionofanimalproducts.Unlikeprimitiveagriculture,whichinvolvedonlythetemporaryremovalofnaturalvegetationanddependedforashortperiodoftimenaturalsoilfertility,conventionalagriculturetodayuseslargeinputsofchemicals,energyandtechnicalskillstoproduceincreasedyieldsofcropsoranimals.Inthetechnologicallyadvancedcountriesfoodproductionisoftengreaterthanpopulationgrowth,anditispossibletoretireformerfarmlandsfromuseandtoproducecropsaccordingtodemandwithoutapproachingthemaximumyieldsobtainable.Theso-calledGreenRevolutionhasbeenbasedonthespreadsuchfarmingmethodstolessdevelopednationoftheworld.Ithasbeenmadepossiblebythebreedingofhigh-yieldingformsofgrainspecificallyadaptedtotheecologicalconditionsofthecountriesinvolved.Thedecisiontouseanareaoflandforhigh-yieldagricultureessentiallyrulesoutitsuseforattarpurposes.Theintensiveproductionoffarmcropsinanagriculturalregionmayalsohavesideeffects;ashasbeenpreviouslynoted,thesemayincludethepollutionofotherthepesticides,herbicides,orotheragriculturalchemicalsblownorwashedfromfarmlandsaffectvegetationandanimallifeelsewhere.Nevertheless,committinganareatointensiveagriculturalproductiondoesnotruleoutitsfuturerestorationforotheruses.Aslongasthesoilsarewellcaredfor,suchareascanbeconvenedquicklytootherpurposesifitisnotnecessarytokeeptheminfarmproduction.AbandonedfarmlandsinthesouthernUnitedStates,forexample,arenowhighlyproductiveforestareas,andformerfanninglandselsewherearebeingusedtosupportwildlifeandoutdoorrecreation.Ingeneralplanningforconservationofnaturalresources,intensiveuseandhighproductioninthoseareasbestsuitedforfarmingmustbeofcourse,thatthepollutingeffectsoftheseactivitiesonthegeneralenvironmentareavoided.Suchconcentrationcansparethedestructionofotherresourcesthroughtouseinadequatelandsformarginalfarmingactivities.

【答案】最密集的农业用途的农村土地使用形式与提高农作物或者动物产品的产量有关。原始农业涉及的仅仅是自然植被的临时迁移，还有短时间内依靠自然土壤的肥力，与之不同的是，今天的传统农业使用大量的化学品，能源还有技术技能，从而农作物和动物产品的产量得到很大的提高。技术先进国家食物产量的增长往往比人口增长快，并有可能让之前的农田荒废，根据需求生产作物，避免其索取接近最高产量。所谓的绿色革命一直立足于向世界欠发达国家传播这种耕作方式。通过播种适应于当地生态环境的高产作物可能实现这一点。决定使用某个地方来种植高产农作物后，基本排除了将这个地方做其他用途。农业地区的集约化农作物生产也有副作用；之前已经提到过，这些可能包括其他地区的污染比如农药、除草剂或者从其他农田风刮过来或者冲过来的农用化学品，这些都会影响到其他地方的植被和动物。然而，将一个地区专项集约化农业生产并不排除将来将其恢复用于其他用途。只要土壤被保护得好，这些地区能够很快被转换到其他目的，其他是没有必要再让它们用于农业生产。例如，美国南部的弃耕地，现在是高生产力的森林地区，其他前耕作土地正在用来支持野生动物和户外休闲。对自然资源的保护，针对最适合耕种的区域的集约化利用和高产量的总体规划当然应该避免这些活动对环境的污染。这种集中通过利用边际农业活动中使用不足的土地可以免除对其他资源的破坏。

11.单选题

WhatweseewhenwephotographtheSunisahugeglowingballofgas.Underneaththishotandextremelybrightphotosphereliesothergaswhile,inthecentralpartsoftheSun,atomsarecontinuallybeingbrokendownandbuiltup.InthecenteroftheSunitisjustasifhundredsofthousandsofhydrogenbombswerecontinuallyexploding,andtheresultsofthisreachthephotosphere.Thisiswhythephotosphereshinessobrightlyandsendsoutx-raysandultra-violetlight.Yetsometimesdarkspotsappearonthephotosphereandthese“sunspots”areevidenceofgreatlyincreasedactivitybelow.Whensunspotsappear,greatburstsofthelongerradiowavesareoftenreceived.Theseareathousandtimesmoreintensethanthosewhichradio-astronomersnormallyreceiveandwhichcomesfromwhatiscalled“quiet”Sun,beingradiatedbythecoronaandthe“chromospheres”thatlayerofnotverybrightgaswhichliesjustabovethephotosphere.

Theseimmenseburstsofradiowavesareusuallyaccompaniedbyanintenselybrightareaof“flare”nearasunspot,anditisclearthattheyarecausedbyasuddenburstofthermalradiationfrombelowthephotosphere.ThevisibleflareandtheburstofradiowavesarealsoaccompaniedbyaburstofX-rays,ultra-violetrays,andatomicparticles.

Whentherearesunspotsbutnoflaresaccompanyingthem,theradiowavesemittedbythe“quiet”sundonotremainconstantbutbegantofluctuate,andtheradiosignalsgraduallybecomestronger.Thesechangesdonotcorrelatewithchangesinthenumberofsunspots,althoughithasbeenemittedbythe“quiet”Sundonotremainconstantbutbegantofluctuate,andtheradiosignalsgraduallybecomestronger.Thesechangesdonotcorrelatewithchangesinthenumberofsunspots,althoughithasbeenfoundthattheradiowavesseemtobegeneratedintheSun’satmosphereabovethesunspotsandnotinthesunspotsthemselves.Thechangesinradiosignalsdo,however,correlatewiththecalciumareasoftheSun’sspectrum.

Radioastronomyhashelpedconsiderablytoincreaseourknowledgeofthecorona.Beingvisuallyverydim,thecoronaishardtoobservebyopticalmeans,evenduringtotaleclipses.DuringsomeeclipsesithasbeentracedquitealongwayfromtheSunbutwasbelievedtoextendnomorethanabouttwomillionmilesatthemostabovethephotosphere.Directradiationofradiowavesfromthecoronahasbeenreceivedduringdaylightuptoabout1.5millionmiles.However,byexaminingadistantradiosourceastheSunpassesinfrontofit,itispossibletodiscoverhowfarthecoronaextendsbyobservinghowtheradiowavesfromthedistantsourceareaffected.ItwasinthiswaythatProfessorsM.RyleandA.HewishatCambridgeUniversity,England,foundthatthecoronacouldbetracedouttomorethan6millionmiles,andinthelineoftheSun’sequatorto12millionmilesormore.IthaseverbeensuggestedthatthecoronaextendsasfarastheEarthitself.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

2.Fromthecenterout,thecorrectorderofthesun’slayersis（）.

3.Thephotosphereisthe（）.

4.Thepassagedoesnotmentioninformationdealingwiththe（）.

5.ProfessorM.RyleandA.Hewishhavefoundthatthesun’scorona（）.

问题1选项

A.WhatRadioAstronomyTellsUsAbouttheSunt

B.RadioAstronomyt

C.FactsAbouttheSun’sCoronat

D.TheNatureoftheSunt

问题2选项

A.photosphere,corona,chromospherest

B.spectrum,chromospheres,photosphere,coronat

C.corona,photosphere,chromospherest

D.photosphere,chromospheres,coronat

问题3选项

A.partofthesunweusuallyseet

B.layerofgaswhichformsthecoronat

C.areainthesunwhereatomsbreakdownandbuildupt

D.areaofthesunwhichsendsoutradiowavest

问题4选项

A.nuclearactivityinthecenterofthesunt

B.intensityofultra-violetraysintheearth’satmospheret

C.activityofthechromospherest

D.extentofthecoronat

问题5选项

A.extendsasfarastheearthitselft

B.canbemeasuredbynotingitseffectonradiowavespassingthroughitt

C.extendsnotmorethantwomillionmilesabovethephotospheret

D.givesoffx-rays

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是什么？”。通读文章，可知文章主要介绍太阳结构及其运行状况，以及太阳对地球无线电的影响；第一段介绍了太阳的内部结构，第二段和第三段介绍太阳黑子对无线电波的影响，最后一段介绍射电天文学对太阳日冕的研究；D项“太阳的本质”最能概括本文的内容；A项“射电天文学告诉我们关于太阳的事”、B项“射电天文学”和C项“关于太阳日冕的事实”都只是部分提及，不够全面。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“从中心往外看，太阳各层的正确顺序是……”。文章第一段提到InthecenteroftheSunitisjustasifhundredsofthousandsofhydrogenbombswerecontinuallyexploding,andtheresultsofthisreachthephotosphere…beingradiatedbythecoronaandthe“chromospheres”thatlayerofnotverybrightgaswhichliesjustabovethephotosphere.（在太阳的中心，就好像成千上万颗氢弹不断地爆炸，最后到达光球层……被日冕层和位于光球层上方的一层不太亮的色球层辐射出来），由此可知，太阳层从内往外的顺序是光球层、色球层、日冕层；所以D项“光球、色球、日冕”正确。A项“光球，日冕，色球”、B项“光谱，色球，光球，日冕”和C项“日冕，光球，色球”都是错误的。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。题干意思是“光球层是……”。根据文章第一段第二句Underneaththishotandextremelybrightphotosphereliesothergaswhile,inthecentralpartsoftheSun,atomsarecontinuallybeingbrokendownandbuiltup.（在这个炙热而又极其明亮的光球层下面，还存在着其他气体，而在太阳的中心部分，原子正在不断地被分解和形成）可知，太阳的中心部分即光球层是用来分解和形成原子的，所以C项“太阳中原子分解和形成的区域”正确。A项“我们看到的部分太阳”，我们看到的太阳是光球层分解合成原子后所形成的太阳光，而非光球层本身；B项“形成日冕的气体层”表述错误；D项“太阳发出无线电波的区域”，这是太阳黑子发射出来的。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。题干意思是“这篇文章没有提到关于……的信息”。根据第一段第三句InthecenteroftheSunitisjustasifhundredsofthousandsofhydrogenbombswerecontinuallyexploding,andtheresultsofthisreachthephotosphere.（在太阳的中心，就好像成千上万颗氢弹不断地爆炸，结果到达光球层），可知A项“太阳中心的核活动”有提及；根据第一段第四句Thisiswhythephotosphereshinessobrightlyandsendsoutx-raysandultra-violetlight.（这就是光球发出如此明亮的光并发出x射线和紫外线的原因）可知，文章只提到了紫外线产生的原因，并未提及B项“地球大气层中紫外线的强度”；根据第一段最后一句Theseareathousandtimesmoreintensethanthosewhichradio-astronomersnormallyreceiveandwhichcomesfromwhatiscalled“quiet”Sun,beingradiatedbythecoronaandthe“chromospheres”thatlayerofnotverybrightgaswhichliesjustabovethephotosphere.（这些辐射比射电天文学家通常接收到的辐射强一千倍，它们来自于被称为“安静”的太阳，由日冕和位于光球层上方的一层不太亮的色球层辐射而来）可知，C项“色球层的运动”在文中有提及；根据最后一段倒数第二句ItwasinthiswaythatProfessorsM.RyleandA.HewishatCambridgeUniversity,England,foundthatthecoronacouldbetracedouttomorethan6millionmiles,andinthelineoftheSun’sequatorto12millionmilesormore.（正是通过这种方式，英国剑桥大学的M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授发现日冕可以追溯到600万英里以上，在太阳赤道线上可以追溯到1200万英里以上）可知D项“日冕范围”也有提及。因此，该题只有B项未提及，选择B项正确。

第5题:细节事实题。题干意思是“M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授发现了太阳的日冕……”。根据文章倒数第三句话However,byexaminingadistantradiosourceastheSunpassesinfrontofit,itispossibletodiscoverhowfarthecoronaextendsbyobservinghowtheradiowavesfromthedistantsourceareaffected.（然而，当太阳从一个遥远的射电源前面经过时，通过观察来自遥远的射电源的无线电波是如何受到影响的，就有可能发现日冕延伸了多远）可知B项“可以通过注意它对通过它的无线电波的影响来测量”正确。A项“延伸到地球本身”，文章最后一句提到IthaseverbeensuggestedthatthecoronaextendsasfarastheEarthitself.（曾经有人认为日冕一直延伸到地球本身），可知这不是M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授的发现；根据文章倒数第二句ItwasinthiswaythatProfessorsM.RyleandA.HewishatCambridgeUniversity,England,foundthatthecoronacouldbetracedouttomorethan6millionmiles,andinthelineoftheSun’sequatorto12millionmilesormore.（正是通过这种方式，英国剑桥大学的M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授发现日冕可以追溯到600万英里以上，在太阳赤道线上可以追溯到1200万英里以上）可知，C项“在光球层上方延伸不超过200万英里”和D项“放射x射线”在这里都未提及。因此，该题选择B项正确。

12.单选题

Thesoldier’sfacewasbadlyburnedinthefireoutbreakofadepartmentstoreandhehadtohaveskin（

）.

问题1选项

A.transverse

B.transplanted

C.transcended

D.transferred

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】动词辨析题。A选项transverse“横向的、横切的”；B选项transplant“移植；迁移”；C选项transcend“胜过、超越”；D选项transfer“使转移、调任”。句子由and连接两个简单句，前半句意思是“士兵的脸在百货公司发生的火灾中严重烧伤”，再根据havesth.done的结构，推断空格部分单词要填过去分词形式。所以由后面关键词“skin皮肤”可知空格部分单词意思为“移植……”，句意为：士兵的脸在百货公司发生的火灾中严重烧伤，需要植皮。故正确答案选B。

13.单选题

Shealwayshandledtheproblems（）herownexperienceandprinciples.

问题1选项

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthefaceof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词组辨析。inthelightof根据，按照；intheeventof如果……发生；inthefaceof面临，面对；inthecourseof在……过程中。句意：她总是根据自己的经验和原则来处理问题。选项A符合句意。

14.翻译题

Companiesnowrealizethatvirusesaren’t“urbanmyth”,andcanbeaseriousimpactontheiroperations.Theyinvestinanti-virussoftwareonthedesktops,serversandemailgatewaysandevenputinplaceprocedurestoensuretheiranti-virusisup-to-datewiththeverylatestdetectionroutines.Anti-virussoftwaredetectsmostofthevirusesyourusersarelikelytoencounter—oftenwithouttheuserevenknowing.However,anti-virussoftwaremustbeupdatedregularly,preferablydailyinanylargecompany.Eventhen,averynewviruscaninfectyourusers.WiththerapidtransmissionoffilesthroughnetworksandtheInternet,aviruscanspreadaconsiderabledistancebeforeitcanbeidentifiedandprotectedagainst.

【答案】

各家公司现在意识到病毒并不是“现代神话”，而确实会严重影响到公司的运作。他们投资杀毒软件，安装在计算机、服务器以及电子邮件网关上，甚至还采取措施确保使用最新的检查程序，随时更新杀毒软件。杀毒软件确实能检测出用户会碰到的绝大多数病毒，而且往往在用户毫无察觉时就已经处理完毕。然而，软件必须定期更新，大公司则最好是每天更新一次。即使是这样，一种非常新的病毒也还是可能感染到用户。通过网络和互联网，文件可以快速地传输，等到人们发现一种病毒并加以防范时，病毒可能已经扩散到了相当的范围。

15.不定项选择题

Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandchatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.

Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuraniuminadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thus,ifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogramsareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.

1.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis______.

2.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy?

3.Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause______.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?

5.Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto______.

问题1选项

A.indifferent

B.favorable

C.tolerant

D.negative

问题2选项

A.Primitive.

B.Exhaustible.

C.Cheap.

D.Unsafe.

问题3选项

A.itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemployment

B.itrepres