考研考博-英语-大连东软信息学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连东软信息学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Itisadevastatingprospect.TerroristselectronicallybreakintothecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity,openandclosevalvestocontaminatethewaterwithuntreatedsewageortoxicchemicals,andthenreleaseitinadevastatingflood.Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond,theterroristsstrikeagain,shuttingdownthetelephonenetworkandelectricalpowergridwithjustafewmouseclicks.Businessesareparalysed,hospitalsareoverwhelmedandroadsaregridlockedaspeopletrytoflee.

Thiskindofscenarioisinvokedbydoom-mongerswhoinsistthatsteppingupphysicalsecuritysincetheSeptember11thattacksisnotenough.Road-blocksandsoldiersaroundpowerstationscannotpreventdigitalterrorism."Untilwesecureourcyber-infrastructure,afewkeystrokesandanInternetconnectionisalloneneedstodisabletheeconomyandendangerlives,"LamarSmith,aTexascongressman,toldajudiciarycommitteeinFebruary.Heendedwithhiscatchphrase:’’Amousecanbejustasdangerousasabulletorabomb.”Isheright?

ItistruethatutilitycompaniesandotheroperatorsofcriticalinfrastructureareincreasinglyconnectedtotheInternet.Butjustbecauseanelectricitycompany'scustomerscanpaytheirbillsonline,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthecompany’scriticalcontrolsystemsarevulnerabletoattack.Controlsystemsareusuallykeptentirelyseparatefromothersystems,forgoodreason.Theytendtobeobscure,old-fashionedsystemsthatareincompatiblewithInternettechnologyanyhow.Evenauthorizedusersrequirespecialistknowledgetooperatethem.Andtelecomsfirms,hospitalsandbusinessesusuallyhavecontingencyplanstodealwithpowerfailuresorflooding.

AsimulationcarriedoutinAugustbytheUnitedStatesNavalWarCollegeinconjunctionwithGartner,aconsultancy,concludedthatan"electronicPearlHarbor"attackonAmerica’scriticalinfrastructurecouldindeedcauseseriousdisruption,butwouldfirstneedfiveyearsofpreparationand$200moffunding.Therearefarsimplerandlesscostlywaystoattackcriticalinfrastructure,fromhoaxphotocallstotruckbombsandhijackedairliners.

OnSeptember18thRichardClarke,America’scyber-securitytsar,unveiledhislong-awaitedblueprintforsecuringcriticalinfrastructurefromdigitalattacks.Itwasabitofadampsquib,makingnofirmrecommendationsandproposingnonewregulationorlegislation.Butitslily-liveredapproachmight,infact,betherightone.Whenariskhasbeenoverstated,inactionmaybethebestpolicy.

Itisdifficulttoavoidcomparisonswiththe"millenniumbug”andthepredictionsofwidespreadcomputerchaosarisingfromthechangeofdatetotheyear2000.Then,asnow,thealarmwassoundedbytechnologyvendorsandconsultants,whostoodtogainfromscare-mongering.ButRossAnderson,acomputerscientistatCambridgeUniversity,preferstodrawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby.Likeeco-warriors,heobserves,thoseinthesecurityindustrybetheyvendorstryingtoboostsales,academicschasinggrants,orpoliticianslookingforbiggerbudgets—haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

3.IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,（

）.

4.’’Lily-liveredapproach"(para.3)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby（

）.

5.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat（

）

问题1选项

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattack

B.Americanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterrorism

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerable

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactory

问题2选项

A.theirworriesarequitereasonable

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriously

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrike

问题3选项

A.terroristsmaylaunchanother"PearlHarbor"attack

B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrike

C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructure

D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure

问题4选项

A.flexibility

B.boldness

C.cowardice

D.conservatism

问题5选项

A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug"

B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity.

C.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongers

D.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheireffortsofprotectingenvironment

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据文章第一句话‘Itisadevastatingprospect.’，可见所描述的场景只是想象中未来可能发生的情景。这一段描述了恐怖分子用电子手段发动对美国大城市的袭击后的混乱场景：企业瘫痪，医院爆满，道路堵塞等等。可见，如果这种袭击发生的话，美国的一座大城市就会陷入混乱。所以A选项符合题意。

2.monger这个词本身就是一个贬义词，指一个持悲观论调，散布末世论的人。再看文章第三段，作者针对这种人散布的恐怖威胁论进行了分析，认为所谓公用事业公司的关键控制系统易受攻击的说法站不住脚。第四段作者引用一次模拟演习的结论说，电子恐怖袭击可能造成巨大破坏，但袭击的成本非常高，耗时也非常长，有远比这简单有效的办法。在文章末尾，作者引用计算机专家的话“those(people)overstatetherisk”。可见，作者虽然也承认这种威胁有可能存在，但认为这些doom-mongers夸大了威胁的程度。所以C选项‘theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing‘符合题意。

3.文章第四段分析了电子恐怖袭击关键基础设施的说法站不住脚的另一个理由：通过模拟演习得出结论，这种袭击耗资巨大，耗时太长，恐怖分子完全可以采取更加简单有效成本低廉的袭击手段。所以D选项’itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure恐怖分子不太可能借助电子手段袭击关键基础设施的‘符合题意。

4.根据上下文，RichardClarke针对如何保护关键基础设施免遭数字化袭击提出了人们期待己久的计划，但这个计划就好像一个受潮的爆竹，既没有给出坚决的建议，也没有提出新的规章或者法规。然后对作者对这种做法用“lily-livered”一词加以总结，推测“胆小”比较符合题意。

5.本文最后一段将现在的恐怖威胁论和“千年虫”恐慌加以对比，认为这种人为制造恐慌的做法只是为了让那些散布恐慌的人“stoodtogain”。接着，作者引用一位专家的话，认为这些人，“不论是想要促销产品的商人，还是渴望得到补助金的学者，抑或是期望更多预算的政客，都有一种内在的动机促使他们夸大险。”由此可见，B选项’doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity.散布恐怖威胁论的人与其说是关心国家安全，不如说是关心自己的利益。‘符合题意

2.单选题

ThreeEnglishdictionariespublishedrecentlyalllayclaimtopossessinga“new”feature.TheBBCEnglishDictionarycontainsbackgroundinformationon1,000peopleandplacesprominentinthenewssince1988;theOxfordAdvancedLearner'sDictionary:EncyclopedicEditionistheOALDplusencyclopedicentries;theLongmanDictionaryofEnglishLanguageandCultureistheLDOCEplusculturalinformation.

Thekeyfactisthatallthreedictionariescanbeseentohaveadistinctly“cultural”aswellaslanguagelearningcontent.Thatbeingsaid,thewayinwhichtheyapproachtheculturalelementisnotidentical,makingdirectcomparisonsbetweenthethreedifficult.

Whilethereissomecommongroundbetweentheencyclopedic/culturalentriesfortheOxfordandLongmandictionaries,thereisacleardifference.OxfordlaysclaimtobeingencyclopediconcontentwhereasLongmandistinctlyconcentratesonthelanguageandcultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoesnothesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheculturalobjectivesoftheBBCdictionaryareinturnmoredistinctstill.Basedonananalysisofover70millionwordsrecordedfromtheBBCWorldServiceandNationalPublicRadioofWashingtonoveraperiodoffouryears,their1,000briefencyclopedicentriesarebasedonpeopleandplacesthathavefeaturedinthenewsrecently.TheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldServicewhowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlisteningcomprehension.

Inreality,though,theBBCdictionarywillbepurchasedbyafarwiderrangeoflanguagelearners,aswilltheothertwodictionaries.Wewillbefacedwithasituationwheremanyoftheusersofthesedictionarieswillattheveryleasthavedistinctsocio-culturalperspectivesandmayhaveworldviewswhicharetotallyopposedandevenhostiletothoseoftheWest.Advancedlearnersfromthiskindofbackgroundwillnotonlyevaluateadictionaryonhowuser-friendlyitisbutwillalsohavedefiniteviewsaboutthescopeandappropriatenessofthevarioussocio-culturalentries.

1.Whatfeaturesetsapartthethreedictionariesdiscussedinthepassagefromtraditionalones?

2.TheLongmandictionaryismorelikelytobecriticizedforculturalprejudicebecause（

）.

3.TheBBCdictionarydiffersfromOxfordandLongmaninthat

（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat,inapproachingsocio-culturalcontentinadictionary,specialthoughtshouldbegivento

（

）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

问题1选项

A.Thecombinationoftwodictionariesintoone.

B.Thenewapproachtodefiningwords.

C.Theinclusionofculturalcontent.

D.Theincreaseinthenumberofentries.

问题2选项

A.itsscopeofculturalentriesgoesbeyondthecultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld

B.itpayslittleattentiontotheculturalcontentofthenon-English-speakingcountries

C.itviewstheworldpurelyfromthestandpointoftheEnglish-speakingpeople

D.itfailstodistinguishlanguagefromcultureinitsencyclopedicentries

问题3选项

A.ithasawiderselectionofencyclopedicentries

B.itismainlydesignedtomeettheneedsofradiolisteners

C.itlaysmoreemphasisonlanguagethanonculture

D.itisintendedtohelplistenersdeveloptheirlisteningcomprehensionskills

问题4选项

A.thelanguagelevelsofitsusers

B.thenumberofitsprospectivepurchasers

C.thedifferenttastesofitsusers

D.thevariousculturalbackgroundsofitsusers

问题5选项

A.Differentwaysoftreatingsocio-culturalelementsinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.

B.Acomparisonofpeople’sopinionsontheculturalcontentinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.

C.TheadvantagesoftheBBCdictionaryoverOxfordandLongman.

D.Theuser-friendlinessofthethreenewEnglishdictionaries

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段可知三本词典都有不同于以往的特点，即都增添了文化方而的内容。故选C。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoesnothesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglish-speakingworld(因此，牛津词典比朗文同典更经得起对文化偏见的严格审视，因为后者总是以英语国家的视角來评判其他国家的文化现象)。因此,可以看出朗文字典只是从英语国家的文化观点去审视其他国家的文化。故选C。

3.细节事实题。第三段第六句指出：TheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldServicewhowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlisteningcomprehension(他们认为的目标使用者是经常收听国际广播的听众，而他们通常具有一定的英语水平和较强的听力理解能力),因此选B“主要目的在于满足广播听众的需要”。

4.判断推理题。由文章最后一段可知，这三本字典会有各种各样的读者购买，这些读者的社会文化背景也会是各种各样的，他们中一定有些人生活在世界观与之相反甚至敌视的文化背景下。这些高级学习者不仅可以根据这本字典是否合用来评价它，而且对各种社会文化词条的内容和准确性都有自己的看法，也就是说字典的编纂者要考虑到这些。故选D“用户的不同文化背景”。

5.主旨大意题。文章指出英国BBC广播公司字典、朗文当代高级词典、牛津高阶英语词典三大词典都有新版本面市，都有不同于以往的特点，即都增添了文化方而的内容。但是三本字典的侧重方面不同，用户群体不一样，各自增加新内容的角度与方式也不相同。故A“新出版的三本英语字典处理社会文化内容的不同的方法”比较能概括文章主旨。

3.填空题

Voiceofforeigners,JoyinJiangsuEastchina'sJiangsuprovinceisinvitingforeigners（1）intheprovincetosharetheirstoriesaboutlifeinChina（2）theannual"SharedJoyinJiangsu"Chinese（3）ContestforForeignersgetsunderway.

ThecontesthasthefullsupportoftheJiangsuprovincialgovernment,theJiangsuProvincialDepartmentofEducationandtheJiangsuBroadcastingCorporation.

Themed“HappyJiangsu,HappyChinese’’，thecontestencouragesforeignfriendstospeakonvarioustopics,suchasMyJiangsuStoryandMyChinaDream,toshowtheirlove（4）Chinaanditsculture,anddemonstratetheappealof（5）easternandwesterncultures.

Thefirststageofthecontest-anonlineauditionstartingfromMarchtoApril25invitesinterestedforeignerstoregisterwithamobilevideooftwotothreeminutesinChinese,introducingthemselvesandtheirChineseconnections.

Theentrantswillbeselected（6）theirvideos,andjudgeswillalsoconductphone（7）withthemforfurtherconsideration

The60chosencontestantsannouncedonMayIwillhaveplentyoftimetopreparetheirspeechesastheeliminationstagewillbeheldintheprovince'ssouthern,centralandnorthernparts,（8）byWuxi,NanjingandXuzhourespectively,fromMay20toearlyJune.

Thefinalswillbefilmedinmid-JuneatthegrandtheaterofJiangsuBroadcastingCorporationWinnerswillbeawardedprizesandcertificatesfortheirachievements,andhavethechancetodelvemoreintoJiangsuculturebytakingpartintheseriesofactivities"JiangsuthroughForeignersEyes”.

（9）foreignerscansignupattheofficialwebsiteofhttp://20633/2017speech,viatheofficialWeChataccountat"tongleJS",orbyemailtojswx@.Universitystudentscanalsoregisterattheirschools'internationaleducationcolleges.

The"SharedJoyinJiangsu"ChineseSpeakingContestforForeignershasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutforfouryears.Aspartofthe"SharedJoyinJiangsu"serieswhichalso（10）talentshows,musicfestivalsandculturaltrips,ithelpspromotetheprovince'sdiversificationandinternationalization.

【答案】1.living

2.as

3.speech

4.for

/r/egrating

6.from

/r/erviews

8.represented

9.Interested

10.features

【解析】1.此处是动词live的分词做后置定语修饰foreigners，表示“居住在这个省的外国人”,而逻辑主语foreigners与live之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词。

2.as符合句意，表示“当…时，因为，由于”。

3.此处表示“汉语演讲比赛”。

4.此处表示“对中国的热爱”，因此用for。

5.此处表示:展示东西方文化…的魅力。因此填integrating比较合适，表示“融合”。

6.分析句子结构可知，此处应填入介词。这里表示:这些参加者将通过录像来选择，因此from比较合适。

7.该处表示:评委还将与他们进行电话…，以便进一步考虑。因此填入interviews，表示“面试”。

8.该处句意为:被选中的60名选手分别在江苏省的南部、中部和北部举行演讲比赛，分别…无锡，南京等。因此填入represented表示“代表”。

9.此处可以填入一个形容词修饰“外国人”，根据句意可知，可填入interested表示“感兴趣的”。

10.空格在定语从句中，而且该从句缺少谓语动词。根据句意可知，features适合填入空格表示“以…为特色”。

4.单选题

Threeyears（）beforehereturnedhomefromtheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.denoted

B.destined

C.elapsed

D.enveloped

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。Denote预示,代表;destine注定;elapse消逝;envelop遮盖，包围。选项C放在Threeyears后面表示3年流逝了。

5.单选题

Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirstforittakes（）overalltheotherissues.

问题1选项

A.precedence

B.prosperity

C.presumption

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项precedence“优先，居先”；B选项prosperity“繁荣，成功”；C选项presumption“放肆，傲慢”；D选项probability“可能性，机率”。句意：这个问题应该（）讨论，因为它比其他问题都重要。本句表示的是“这个问题应该优先讨论”，因此A选项符合题意。

6.单选题

EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehasplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatewhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated“becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompletingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.”

“Theresultsofourresearch”，Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions."

(1)Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

(2)Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialties.

(3)Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretolanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.’swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.’sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D’stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

1.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat（）.

2.Researchhasshownthat（）.

3.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.（）.

4.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin（）.

问题1选项

A.stepsshouldbetakentogetdropoutsbacktocampus.

B.thedropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy.

C.thePh.

D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropout.D.thehighdropoutrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers

问题2选项

A.dropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D’sinfinancialattainment.

B.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies.

C.D.studies.C.

D.studies.C.thePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsout.D.aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree.

问题3选项

A.isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout.

B.ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate.

C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.

D.programs.D.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities.

问题4选项

A.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.

B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.

C.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.C.

D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.C.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropouts.D.Ph.D.’sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions.

问题5选项

A.salaryforPh.D.toolow

B.academicrequirementtoohigh

C.D.toolowB.academicrequirementtoohighC.

D.toolowB.academicrequirementtoohighC.salaryfordropoutstoohighD.l,000positions

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由题干意思定位到第三段SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.“一些人认为，可以通过说服辍学者重返研究生院完成博士学位，来减少受过高等教育的专家和大学教师的短缺”由此可知A选项“应该采取措施让辍学者重返校园”与原文意思相符，为正确选项。

第2题:事实细节题。第二段中Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework“博士候选人的辍学率高达31%，在大多数情况下，这些辍学生在没有完成博士学位要求的情况下，都在继续从事生产性工作。”由此可推出D选项“大约三分之一开始攻读博士学位的人没有完成学业获得学位”与原文相符。A选项“辍学者在经济成就方面远远低于博士”与文章最后一句表达意思相反，所以不正确；B选项“在攻读博士学位方面，激励因素是次要的”与原文不符；C项“如果这位博士候选人退出，他很可能改变他的专业领域”在文中并未提及。因此，选项A、B、C均为错误选项，D选项正确。

第3题:事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第八段中Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretolanguageexams.“近75%的退学学生表示，他们的决定并非出于学术原因，但那些提到学术原因的学生表示，他们没有通过资格考试、没有完成研究以及没有通过语言考试。”由此可推知C选项“是许多博士课程的重要组成部分”与原文意思相符，正确。

第4题:判断推理题。本题题干意思是读完这篇文章后，人们不会得出这样的结论……文章最后一段中Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.“至于让辍学学生重返校园的可能性，前景不容乐观。”A选项“让博士辍学生重新回到他们对学位的追求中，乐观主义占据了主导地位”与原文意思相反，因此选项A为正确选项。

第5题:判断推理题。由倒数第二段中Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D’stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.“这也可能表明了这样一个事实，即博士往往能拿到最高薪水的学术领域的高薪仍落后于其他领域。”由此可以推出，博士的薪资并不高，因此A选项“博士的薪水太低”与原文相符。选项B、C都属于过度推断，选项D文章并未提及。由此可知，选项A为正确选项。

7.单选题

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall（）sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

问题1选项

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.butrather

D.otherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项orrather“更准确说，倒不如说”，B项ratherthan“而不是”，C项butrather“而宁可说是”，D项otherthan“除了，不同于”。根据关键词drug（药物）和sugarpills（糖丸）可知，空格前后表转折，只有C项表示转折。句意：有时病人遭受严重的疼痛可以通过“药物”来缓解，这些“药物”根本不是药物，而是不含任何活性化学元素的糖丸。因此，该题选择C项正确。

8.单选题

Hemadearough（）ofthefirstfloorofthatbuilding,showinguswherehisofficewaslocated.

问题1选项

A.painting

B.illustration

C.drawing

D.sketch

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项painting“绘画，油画”。B选项illustration“插图，例证”。C选项drawing“绘画，绘图”。D选项sketch“略图，素描”。句意：他画了一幅大楼一楼的草图，告诉我们他的办公室在哪里。因此D选项符合题意。

9.问答题

Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,youcan'thelpbeingstruckbytheappearanceofthewomentakingpart.

Theirhairstylesandmake-uplookdate:theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort;

A

B

theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.

C

D

【答案】试题答案：B;dated

【解析】考查形容词辨析。由“theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort”可知此处指的是不好的，look表示“看起来”的意思，后面接形容词，dated意为“过时的”。

10.单选题

Althoughwomenareascompetentasmeninmanagingpeopleandorganization,theystilldonotattainthehighestpositionsincorporations.Their（1）seemstobe

（2）

byaninvisiblebarrier.Atsomepoint,they

（3）

what'scalled“theglassceiling.”Failuretoattainthetopmostjobsinsomecasesis

（4）

lackofexperienceor

（5）

education.Becausegender

（6）

haskeptwomenoutofmanagementuntilrecentyears,theyhavenothadtimeto

（7）

theyearsofexperiencethatare

（8）

ofmosthigh-rankingexecutives.Alsoinearlieryears,womenwere

（9）

fromenteringgraduateschoolsofengineering,science,business,andlawwhichhavebeen

（10）

tocorporatemanagement.Evenasthosebarriershavebeenlowered,though,womenremain

（11）

atexecutivelevels.Asagroup,theyhavenotyet

（12）

theglassceilingtobecomechiefexecutiveofficersorboardchairpersons.Somethingcontinuestoholdthemback.

Inoneauthoritativestudy,womenexecutives

（13）

threekindsofpressuresthatcomplicatedtheirprofessionaladvancements:theday-to-day,year-in-year-outdemandsandthehectic(忙乱的)

（14）

ofexecutivework;their

（15）

roleas“firstwomanexecutive”andthespecialneedtoprovethemselvestoothers;andthestrainofmeetingfamily

（16）

.Inotherwordsthesewomenmanagersfacedallofthenormaldemandsofexecutiveworkthatmen,experienceplustwoadditionalrequirements

（17）

totheircustomaryrolesinsociety.Havingprovenmanagerialtalentwasnotenough.Psychologically,theyhadtoprovethemselvestheequalofmen.Socially,theyfoundthemselvescarryinga

（18）

shareoffamilyresponsibilities.Thesepsychologicalandsocial

（19）

canholdbackthemostskilledanddedicatedmanager,evenincompanieswheregenderprejudiceis

（20）

aminimum.

问题1选项

A.access

B.ascent

C.lubricated

D.restrained

问题2选项

A.blocked

B.prohibited

C.lubricated

D.res